1- ## 1-日常生活篇 @k1 review-2

2- abode

n.房屋, 家; 住所

【同】dwelling

【搭配】right of abode 居住权; fixed abode 固定的居住场所; permanent abode 永久住所

【例句】I do not dare to linger in that abode because it is too dark. 我不敢在那个房屋中逗留, 因为它太暗了。

【要点】租房场景中常用的房屋类词汇：
dwelling 住处
residence 住宅
bungalow 平房
terraced houses 排房
semi-detached house 半独立住宅
block of flats 公寓楼
duplex house 双户住宅

3- abundance

n.大量, 丰富, 充足

【同】large quantity

【搭配】in abundance 丰富

【例句】At the party, there was food and drink supply in abundance. 宴会上, 食品和饮料供应都很充足。

-n.丰富，充裕

【搭配】 in abundance 丰富，大量

【例句】 Collecting ants can be as simple as picking up stray ones and placing them in a glass jar, or as complicated as completing an exhaustive survey of all species present in an area and estimating their relative abundance.搜集蚂蚁可以很简单，只要捏起走失的蚂蚁，放进玻璃罐中就行；也可以很复杂，需要对某 一区域的所有种类的蚂蚁做详尽的研究，估计它们的相对丰富度。

【同义】 profusion(n.丰富)affluence(n.富足)；wealth(n.大量)

【反义】 scarcity(n.缺乏，不足)；deficiency(n.缺少)

【要点】 abundance和profusion都可指数量大的，affluence和wealth指有大量的物质财富。

4- accidentally

ad.偶然地, 意外地

【例句】Some of the exhibits are fragile and we hope they won't be accidentally knocked. 一些展品是易碎的, 而我们不希望它们被意外打破。

5- address

n.地址; 演说 v.写地址; 演说; 对付

【搭配】address a letter 在信上写地址; address sb. 向··致词

【例句】In the marketing course I will address all these commercial issues. 在市场营销课上, 我会讲解所有这些商务问题。

【要点】在雅思听力场景中经常出现"Please write your name and address on the paper/form. "等表达, address 经常在 Section 1 里用到, 在租房、图书馆、办理各类手续等场景中常见, address 后面接的地址信息一般都是出题点, 在填写地址时注意单词首字母大写。

6- aisle

s不发音 n.走道; 侧廊; 过道。

【搭配】an aisle seat靠过道的座位

【例句】The hidden television camera monitors our physical movement around the supermarket aisles. 隐蔽的摄像头监视着我们在超市过道处的行动。

7- attempt

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.企图, 努力 v.尝试, 试图

【同】try

【搭配】make attempt 尝试; attempt at ( doing) sth. 尝试做…

【例句】The union's attempt is to help students of this university to stay healthy when coping with study and social life at the same time. 这个组织努力帮助这所大学的学生在处理学习和社交的同时能保持健康。

8- awesome

a.使人敬畏的, 使人惊惧的; 了不起的

【例句】It's very familiar to me and it's awesome both geographically and visually. 这对我来说很熟悉, 而且从地理上和视觉上都棒极了。

【要点】awesome 用在口语中时, 常表示"卓越的; 棒极了的"。

-a.卓越的；可怕的；引起敬畏的

【例句】As the name implies, the awesome article 100 Easy Ways to Be Healthy Inside and Out which I recently read, contains information, news and reports about the latest developments in meds and health.我最近读的一篇文章《保持身心健康的100种简单方法》很好，顾名思义，它囊括了有关医学和健康发展的最 新信息、新闻和报告。

【要点】awesome在口语中经常表示非常棒，在夸赞某人或某事的时候可以简单地 说"Awesome!"(棒极了！)，也可以用来形容意见或东西很棒，比如 awesome fashion style(很棒的时尚风格)，表示可怕的时候常常可以用 terrible或horrible替代。

9- afford

v.担负得起; 买得起; 提供, 给予

【同】be able to pay/buy

【搭配】afford to do sth. 负担得起做…; afford to sth. 买得起

【例句】I don't think I could afford to support myself with no salary for a whole year. 我认为在一整年没有薪水的情况下我无法养活自己。

【要点】afford 一般出现在租房场景中, 例如：How much can you afford maximum?

-v.担负得起；给予

【搭配】afford to do sth.负担得起.

【例句】

1. Those who buy luxury cars also work hard to be able to afford to buy such a thing in the same way that some people work very hard to afford a regular car. 那些买豪华车的人也要像一些连普通车也买不起的人一样努力工作，才能 负担得起这样的东西。

2. The one-child policy has been successful and it is now possible for parents to give quality life and good education to their child because their budget can afford it. 独生子女政策已经取得成功，现在的父母有条件为孩子提供有品 质的生活和良好的教育，因为他们能支付得起这样的开销。

3. They would not be able to afford cars or houses.他们买不起汽车和房子。

10- block

n.大楼, 街区; 阻塞; 大块木料(或石料、金属) v. 阻塞, 阻拦, 封锁

【同】district

【搭配】office blocks 办公大楼; block of flats 公寓楼

【例句】The administration office is in the building called block D. 行政办公室在 D 号办公楼里。

-v.阻碍；堵塞 -n.大块；街区 些雪 office blocks 办公大楼；block of flats 公寓楼

【例句】

1. Finally, there is the problem of a competitive atmosphere. For example, people who are in the same apartment block may well be stranges to one another.最后，就是关于竞争氛围的问题。例如,那些住在公寓楼里的人可能彼此间并不 熟悉。

2. New residential blocks are to be completed in three months' time.新住宅区预计三个月后完工。

11- bound

a.一定的, 必然的; 受约束的; 有义务的 v.跳跃, 跳跃着前进; 弹回; 成为···的界线, 给···划界 n.跳跃; 界限

【搭配】bound for 开往·的; out of bounds 禁止入内的

【例句】He bounded to his feet and waved good-bye to his friends. 他一跃而起, 向朋友们挥手告别。

a.负有义务的；一定的，必然的

【例句】

1. Language is intimately bound up with culture, so it may be difficult to preserve one without the other.语言与文化密切相关，所以它们互相依存，缺一不可。

2. Because these courses start every Monday, there's bound to be one that fits in with your academic, personal or professional commitments.因为这些课程每周一都开，一定会有一门适合你的学习、个人或工作需要。

12- buffet

t不发音, 本词来自法语, 拼写时不要丢掉结尾的t n.自助餐 v.连续猛击

【搭配】buffet car 自助餐车

【例句】The ball will give everyone a chance to meet and get to know each other, and we'll be serving you a buffet lunch in the Main Hall, which is on the first floor. 我会给大家一个认识了解彼此的机会, 我们将在一楼的大厅为大家提供自助午餐。

13- calendar

n.日历, 月历

【搭配】a perpetual calendar 万年历

【例句】The professor's calendar is full for the rest of the week. 这位教授本周接下来的时间安排得很满。

14- carry

v.运送, 搬运; 传送, 传播; 领, 带

【同】bring; take

【搭配】carry off夺去; carry on 继续下去, 坚持下去; 从事; carry out 贯彻; 实现

【例句】We advised the customers to carry either euros or dollars. 我们建议顾客带着欧元或美元。

【要点】在雅思听力中, carry后面经常加money和 passport等词作宾语。

15- claim

n.要求; 主张, 断言; 索賠; 权利, 要求权, 所有权 v.要求; 声称, 主张; 索赔

【同】assert; demand; request

【搭配】lay claim to 对··提出所有权要求; make/put forward a claim to sth. 提出要 得到某物; claim to do sth. 声称要做某事

【例句】The manufacturer claims the flask does maintain heat for 18 hours. 生产商声称这种暖瓶可以保温18个小时。

【要点】claim在雅思听力中常考到"索赔"的词义, 通常出现在购买保险的场景中, 例如考过的一个填表题：the cause of claimed before(过去索赔的原因)。

-n. 声明；要求；所有权 -v.声称；要求

【搭配】lay claim to 对…提出所有权要求; make/put forward a claim to sth. 提出 要得到某物; claim to do/be sth.声称要做某事

【例句】

1. Parents claim that it is their responsibility to plan the careers for their children, as they know their children well enough to decide what kind of job suits them.

227家长声称,为孩子们规划职业是他们的责任,因为他们足够了解自己的孩 子，并且能为孩子找到合适的工作。

2. Many people claim that they feel better in negatively charged air.很多人称他 们处在富含负离子的空气中感觉更舒服。

16- cloakroom

n.衣帽间; 【英】盥洗室

【同】coatroom

【例句】The cloakroom where you can hang your coat or leave your bags is just be hindus here. 衣帽间就在我们后面, 你可以把外套或包放在那儿。

17- consignment

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.交付, 委托; 托运; 所托运的货物; 代销货物

【搭配】on consignment 以寄售方式; a large consignment of grain大批托运的粮食

【例句】We are glad to hear of the post office's making a consignment of my boxes. 听说邮局可以托运我的这些箱子, 我们很高兴。

【要点】注意不要和 assignment(n.工作, 任务)混淆。

18- community

n.公众; 社会, 社区; 共同体

【搭配】the Asian community 亚洲人聚居的社区; sense of community 社区意识

【例句】Many sports facilities are available in the community now. 现在, 社区内有很多运动设施可用。

【要点】community 一词经常出现在雅思听力的租房场景中, 可能要求考生填空, 注意单词的拼写。

-n.社会；社区；团体

【例句】

1. Such a neighbor like Linda makes the community harmonious and happy like family.有了琳达这样的邻居，社区变得像家庭一样幸福和谐。

2. My mother does most of the cooking, but my father and I do some cooking now and then. For instance, sometimes my mother will be out the whole day doing voluntary jobs in our community, so my father and I will prepare dinner for her.大多数时候都是母亲做饭，不过我和父亲也会偶尔动动手。例如，有时母亲会去社区做志愿工作，这时我和爸爸就要为她做饭了。

3. Detailed surveys of social and economic trends in the European Community show that Europe's population is falling and getting older.欧共体开展的关于社会经济趋势的详细调查显示,欧洲人口正在减少,并且开始老龄化。

19- complain

v.抱怨; 申诉

【同】make/lodge a complaint

【搭配】complain about/of 申诉·. ; complain to向··抱怨

【例句】I don't think we can complain about adverts, as long as they don't last for ten minutes each time. 我认为只要广告每次不超过10分钟, 我们就不应该抱怨。

【要点】complain 在雅思听力考试中是一个比较有提示性的单词, 一般出现在生活类场景中, 通常complain后面的内容都是考点。

20- convert

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 v.变换, 转换

【同】modify

【搭配】convert to/into 转化为

【例句】The small, dark dressing room we used to have has been converted into two large airy rooms. 我们曾经用过的那间又小又暗的化妆室已经改造成两间大且通风的房间了。

v.改变；转变，转换；改装

【搭配】convert to/into 转化为...

【例句】

1. The high temperatures in the toughening process convert all the crystals to dense, compact alpha form, but the subsequent cooling is so rapid that the crystals don't have time to change back to the beta phase.增韧过程中的高温将全部晶体转化为密集紧凑的阿尔法形态，但随后的冷却速度如此之快，以至于晶体没有时间回到贝塔阶段。

2. The original house was converted into a residential college.原来的房子被改建成一所寄宿学校。

【要点】雅思阅读中多用 convert 的“（使）转化”这个词义，相当于change,transform。

21- corridor

n.走廊, 通道

【搭配】in the corridor 在走廊里

【例句】To get to the Main Hall, you walk on to the end of this corridor in front of you. 去主楼的话, 你得沿着前面的走廊一直走到尽头。

【要点】corridor 经常出现在问路场景里, 注意它和 aisle 的区别：aisle 指的是飞机、汽车或者大礼堂中比较窄的小过道, 而corridor则表示连接两个地方的走廊。和 corridor 意思相近的还有 passageway。

22- deposit

-英式发音? ; -美式发音? 。 n.存款; 押金, 保证金; 沉积物 v.存放; 储蓄; 使沉淀; 付(保证金)

【搭配】savings deposit 存款额; a fixed deposit 定期存款; 20% deposit 20%的押金。

【例句】Generally, you should pay a deposit before you rent a house. 一般情况下, 你应该在租房之前交押金。

【要点】开户常用 open an account 表示; 向某个账户存款常用 make a deposit into... 来表示。这里再简要介绍几种常用的账户：
savings account 储蓄存款账户
current account 活期存款账户
deposit account 定期存款账户
check account 支票账户
daily interest account 按天计息账户

v.存放；储蓄；沉淀，沉积 n.定金，押金；存款

配savings deposit 存款额；a fixed deposit 定期存款；20% deposit 20%的

【搭配】定金；bank deposit 银行存款；on deposit(钱款)存于银行

【例句】

1. Worse still, below it was a not-very-firm glacial deposit hundreds of metres thick.更糟的是，在它下面是一块不太坚固的数百米厚的冰川沉积物。

2. Overseas students must pay a deposit when they apply for a course at the college.外国学生如果想申请这所大学的课程，必须付一定的押金。

3. Imagine if you were suddenly swept up and deposited in Morocco. How well could you cope with the language, the weather, the people, and so on?设想一下，如果你突然被带走并丢到了摩洛哥。你能多好地适应那里的语言、气候和人等等?

23- damp

-p的发音尽可能弱化 a.有湿气的, 潮湿的

【同】humid; moist

【搭配】damp course 防水层

【例句】It's damp outside in this season; you'd better wear a warm coat. 这个季节外面很潮湿, 你最好穿一件暖和的外衣。

【要点】这个词经常出现在租房场景中, 用来形容房屋的状况。

24- debt

b不发音 n.债, 债务

【同】liabilities

【搭配】be in debt 欠债, 欠情; in debt to sb. /in one's debt 欠某人的债

【例句】The sophomore misconducted his expenditure so he's deep in debt. 这名大二新生没有很好地规划他的开支, 所以债台高筑。

【要点】student debt 是学生中比较常见的一个现象。另外, 和"债务"相关的说法还有：
apply for/grant a loan申请/批准贷款
collateral 担保物
mortgage 抵押
by installment 分期付款
extension 延期
overdraw/overdraft 透支

25- deprive

v.(使)失去, 剥夺

【同】grab; snatch

【搭配】deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物

【例句】The billboards over there deprive the flat of light. 那些广告牌挡住了这个公寓的阳光。

26- disposal

n.处理, 处置; 布置, 安排

【搭配】waste disposal废物处理; at one's disposal任某人处理, 供某人支配

【例句】The main use of water in most families is washing and waste disposal. 在大多数家庭中, 水的主要用途是洗漱和废物处理。

【要点】waste disposal 和 garbage disposal是雅思听力生活场景出现频率比较高的两个短语。

n.处理；支配；清理；安排

【搭配】 waste disposal 废物处理；at one's disposal 任某人处理，供某人支配

【例句】 He began by defining six essential traits that make a detector dog. First, every good detector dog must love praise because this is the only tool trainers have at their disposal, but the dog must still be able to work for long periods without it.他从定义缉毒犬的六个基本特征开始。首先，每一只良好的缉毒犬必须喜爱被赞美，因为这是训犬人唯一可以支配的工具，但是缉毒犬必须在没有赞美的情况下仍然能长时间工作。

-n.处理；清理；支配，安排

【搭配】waste disposal废物处理；at one's disposal任某人处理，供某人支配；a bomb disposal squad 炸弹处理小组

141【例句】

1. Improper disposal of garbage causes land and water pollution that often leads to malaria or dysentery especially among children.垃圾处理不当会造成土地和水污染，这种污染通常会引发疟疾或痢疾，尤其是在儿童中。

2. In our school, we have a large library, well-equipped laboratories, and sporting facilities at our disposal.我们学校有大型图书馆、设备精良的实验室和运动设施，这些都可供我们使用。

27- distinguish

v.区别, 辨别; 辨认出; 使杰出

【同】differentiate; make a distinction; tell. apart

【搭配】distinguish between 辨别, 弄清; distinguish...from 把...与...区别开

【例句】The twins were so much alike that it was difficult to distinguish one from the other. 这对双胞胎像得使人难以分辨。

【要点】distinguished和 distinguishing都是形容词：distinguished指"显著的、明显的", distinguishing 指"有区别的"。

v.区别，辨别

【搭配】distinguish between 辨别，弄清；distinguish.from.把...与...区别开；distinguish oneself 使自己杰出

【例句】

1. The proclivity to play hot distinguished the jazz musician from other instrumentalists.爵士乐音乐家与其他乐器演奏家的不同之处是，他们喜欢玩热门音乐。

2. Anthropologists use the term "culture" in a restricted sense when they refer to the "culture" of a particular society, meaning the non-biological characteristics

unique to that society, which distinguish it from other societies.当人类学家提及某一特定社会的文化时，意即该社会独特的、区别于其他社会的非生物学特征，他们用的就是“文化”这一术语的狭义。

【同义】 discern(v.洞悉，辨别)

28- disturb

v.弄乱, 打乱; 打扰, 使烦恼

【同】bother; interrupt

【搭配】disturb the peace 打乱和平; disturb the balance of the environment 破坏环境平衡

【例句】Cutting down trees will disturb the Earth's balance. 砍伐树木会破坏地球的平衡。

【要点】环境问题也是雅思考试中的一个高频话题, 这里再介绍一些和环境有关的词汇：

acid rain 酸雨
ecosystem 生态系统
extinction 灭绝
organic fertilizer 有机肥料
fresh water 淡水
ozone layer 臭氧层
solar energy 太阳能
wind energy 风能

-v.扰乱，打扰

【搭配】disturb the peace 扰乱治安；disturb the balance of the environment 破坏环境平衡

【例句】

1. I didn't take a computer, a cell phone, an iPod or any other electronic device there, so in this undisturbed and unplugged environment, I could finish a novel in just two days. 我不带电脑、手机、iPod以及其他任何电子设备，因此在这种不受干扰和没有电子设备的环境中，我可以在短短两天内读完一部小说。

2. After a hard day at work I just want to relax without anybody disturbing me.在一天的辛苦工作之后,我只想不受干扰地放松放松。

3. One of the destructive results of acid rain is that it disturbs the natural balance of lakes and rivers.酸雨带来的破坏之一是它打破了河流和湖泊的生态平衡。

4. As open-cast mining ceases in one section, the disturbed area is reshaped.当一个矿区的露天开采停止后，被挖掘过的地区将得到整修。

5. Once I am disturbed during my sleep, it is difficult for me to fall asleep again.一旦我在睡眠中被打扰,我就很难再次入睡。

【派生】 disturbed(a.困扰的)

29- drawback

n.缺点; 障碍, 不利条件; 退还的关税

【同】disadvantage

【搭配】drawback of sth. 某事物的缺点

【例句】It's a fantastic place—the only drawback is the humid climate. 这个地方非常好, 唯一的缺点就是气候潮湿。

【要点】雅思考试中曾出现过对一个动物园的介绍, 用的句式就是 This is the drawback of the zoo.

-n.缺点；不利条件

【搭配】 drawback of/to doing sth.做...的不利条件

【例句】

1. But independence can have drawbacks. Seeman found that elderly people who felt emotionally isolated maintained higher levels of stress hormones even when asleep.但是独立也有其不足之处。西曼发现感情孤僻的老年人即使在睡觉 时，应激激素水平也很高。

2. The only drawback to your plan is the expense.你计划的唯一不足就是费用问题。

【同义】 disadvantage(n.缺点)；shortcoming(n.短处)

-n.缺点；不利条件

【搭配】drawback of/to doing sth.做...的不利条件

【例句】

1. I suppose changing jobs frequently has both benefits and drawbacks.我认为经常换工作有好处也有弊端。

2. The only drawback to your plan is the expense.你计划中的唯一缺点就是费用问题。

【同义】disadvantage(n.缺点)

【反义】advantage(n.优点，优势)

30- dressing

n.调味品; 穿衣

【搭配】dressing room 更衣室, 化妆室; salad dressing 沙拉调料

【例句】I took both of the salad dressings. 我放了两种沙拉调料。

【要点】do window dressing的意思是"橱窗装饰", 经常出现在雅思听力的生活场景中, 用来指职业等。

31- dwelling

n.住宅, 寓所

【例句】This kind of ground-dwelling herbivore may go extinct within a decade. 这种穴居食草动物也许在十年内就会灭绝。

n.住处；寓所 v.居住

【例句】How were those pots used? Why are some dwellings round and others square? Here the methods of archaeology and ethnography overlap. 这些壶是如何使用的呢？为什么一些住宅是圆形的，一些是方形的呢？在这里考古学和人类学的方法重叠在一起。

32- effect

n.作用, 影响; 结果; 效果, 效力 v.产生, 招致

【同】impact; influence

【搭配】carry/bring into effect 使生效, 实施; in effect 有效; 实际上; take effect 生 效, 起作用; side effect 副作用; positive effect 积极影响; causes and effects 原因和结果

【例句】We did not fully think of the effect that the policy would have on our day -to-day life. 我们没有充分地考虑这项政策会给我们日常生活带来的影响。

-n.影响；结果

【例句】

1. The population problem in China has been recognized as the biggest and worst problem and its effect is widely talked about in news, debates and even in IELTSoral exams.中国的人口问题已被视为最大而且最严重的问题，其影响在新 闻、辩论赛甚至在雅思口语考试中都会被提及。

2. Allowing the traditional customs to disappear will have a very bad effect on culture.放任传统习俗流失会对文化带来非常不利的影响。

【派生】effective(a.有效的；生效的)

33- enclose

v.包住, 围住; 把·装入信封

【同】surround

【搭配】an enclosed area一个封闭的区域

【例句】You'd better enclose your resume and the letter of reference in the envelop. 你最好把简历和推荐信装入信封中。

34- ensure

v.确保, 保证

【例句】Schools should take steps to ensure students' safety. 生的安全。

35- entrance

n.入口, 大门口; 进入; 入学

【同】access

【搭配】entrance fee 入场费; main entrance大门, 主入口

【例句】Now, we're standing at the main entrance. 现在我们就站在大门口。

【要点】在做雅思听力地图配对题的时候, 关键点是要找出 example 所给出的位置点和 main entrance。另外, 在回答这类问题的时候, 还要注意 up, down, opposite, next, near 等方位词。

-n.入口；进入 -v.使出神，使入迷

【例句】 We were entering a snow zone in the park. That was why we wore winter coats at the entrance. I had never expected to see the Disney characters there.我们正进入公园里的一个积雪区，因此我们在入口处穿上了冬天的外套。我从未 想到在那里能看到迪斯尼人物。

36- entry

n.进入, 入口; 通道; 记载, 条目

【同】access; entrance

【搭配】entry into. 进入··; entry level 入门级别

【例句】We will look at the types of courses and entry requirements. 我们将看看课程的种类和上课条件。

【要点】这个词在雅思考试中的常用搭配为multiple entry visa, 意为"多次入境签 证", 也可写作 multi-entry visa。

37- estate

n.地产, 房地产

【搭配】personal estate 动产; real estate 房地产, 房地产所有权

【例句】For me, walking down towards the river is the best part of the estate. 对我而言, 能散步到河边是这栋房子最大的好处。

n.土地；地产

【搭配】personal estate 个人资产，动产；real estate房地产，不动产

【例句】

1. Mass-produced, low-cost high-rises seemed to offer a solution to the problem of housing a growing inner-city population. But far from meeting human needs, the new estates often lacked essential social facilities and services.大量生产、成本低廉的高层建筑似乎解决了市区不断增长的人口的住房问题。但是新房地产还远远不能满足人们的需求，经常缺乏基本的公共设施及服务。

2. Influenced by his ideas on town planning, every large British city built multi- storey housing estates in the 1960s.受到他的城市规划理念的影响，英国每一座大城市在20世纪60年代都修建了多层住宅。

38- estimate

动词发音? ; 名词发音? 。注意a的发音。 v./n.估计, 估价

【同】guess; speculation

【搭配】estimated time of arrival(ETA)预计到达时间; estimated time of departure (ETD)预计出发时间; estimated number of people 预计人数

【例句】It is good that you have given me a rough estimate. 很好, 你给了我一个粗略估计。

【要点】estimate 这个词常出现在餐厅和机场座位预定的场景中, 会提到 estimated number of people(预计人数); 这个词表示"估价"的时候, 前面常接 rough, conservative, original, annual 等形容词。

v.估计；估量 n.估计，看法

1. The researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort.研究人员可以根据这种分子的范值来估量这些参数。

2. It is estimated that approximately 87% of Australia's rainfall is lost through evaporation, compared with just over 60% in Europe and Africa and 48% inNorth America.据估计，澳大利亚降水蒸发量接近87%，而欧洲和非洲刚刚超过60%，北美洲则为48%。

39- endure

v.忍受, 忍耐; 维持, 持续

【例句】I can't endure the insults anymore. 我再也忍受不了这种侮辱了。

v.忍受；持久，持续

【例句】

1. An island six kilometres long and with a total area of 1248 hectares is being created there. And the civil engineers are as interested in performance as in speed and size. This is a bit of the delta that they want to endure.要在这里建造一个六千米长，总面积1248公顷的岛，土木工程师对外观和建造的速度以及尺寸都很感兴趣，这只是他们想要维持的三角洲的一部分。

2. The image of the tribe as Stone Age relics has endured.那个部落作为石器时代遗迹的画面一直延续下来。

40- extendable

a.可展开的, 可延长的

【搭配】extendable rod 拉杆; extendable bond 可延期债券

【例句】The building is placed on a platform which can be raised above the changing snow level on legs which are extendable. 这座建筑建在一个平台上, 这个平台通过可伸展的支架随雪面的变化而升高。

【要点】这个词常用在租房场景里描述室内设施, 如 extendable bed（拉伸床）。

41- extension

n.延长, 扩大, 伸展; 电话分机; 额外的时间

【搭配】one month extension 延期一个月; the extension of vocabulary 词汇的扩展

【例句】A: Are you ready to submit your report this week? It will be due Friday. (你这周准备交报告吗？周五是到期时间。) B: No, can you give us two weeks' extension? (不, 您能给我们延期两周吗？)

【要点】注意extension一词的拼写, 拼写不对在雅思听力中是一个致命的错误, extension作"延期"讲时也常考到, 如延期交作业、贷款延期等。

-n.伸出；延长部分；电话分机

【搭配】one month extension 延期一个月；the extension of vocabulary 词汇的扩 展；extension to...的延伸部分

【例句】

1. The topics discussed included the co-ordinated study of the destruction of forests, as well as how to combat forest fires and the extension of European research programs on the forest ecosystem.涉及的议题除了如何应对森林火灾和扩大欧洲森林生态系统研究计划外，还有对森林破坏的协同研究。

2. These temporary hive extensions contained frames of empty comb for the bees

-n.延伸；增加；延伸部分；电话分机

【搭配】one month extension 延期一个月；the extension of vocabulary 词汇的扩 展；the extension of science knowledge 科学知识的普及；the extension of a warm welcome 给予热烈的欢迎；build an extension to a hospital 扩建医院

【例句】 These temporary hive extensions contained frames of empty comb for the bees to fill with honey.这些暂时增加的蜂箱里放有空的蜂巢框，让蜜蜂存放 蜂蜜。

42- exchange

v./n. 交换, 调换; 交流, 交易; 交换台, 交易所

【同】interchange

【搭配】in exchange for 交换; stock exchange 证券交易所; part exchange 旧物 折价; exchange rate 汇率

【例句】We exchanged our opinions about the event at the meeting. 在会上, 我们就此事交换了意见。

【要点】雅思场景中, exchange with others曾用来表示"倒班"。exchange 在关于论文 的场景中也经常用到, 例如学生要exchange draft and get feedbacks (交换草稿并得到反馈意见)。在英国, 买卖汽车最好的方法之一是找到可靠的经销商, 用part exchange(旧物折价)购买。

-v./n.交换，交流；交易

【搭配】in exchange for 交换；exchange rate 汇率

【例句】

1. Students seldom exchange their ideas thoroughly in the communication. They tend to analyze the questions first before they start to deliver the answers. 学生 很少在交流时毫无保留地交换想法,他们更愿意在作答之前先分析问题。

2. Are you one of the exchange students?你是交换生吗?

43- exhaust

h 不发音 n. 排气装置; 废气 v.使筋疲力尽, 耗尽; 抽完, 汲干

【同】run out of; use up; wear out

【搭配】be exhausted from... 因 …而十分疲乏; exhaust pipe 排气管; exhaust. emission 尾气; intake and exhaust system 进气和排气系统

【例句】Exhaust gas has been a main reason for air pollution in cities. 废气排放是城市空气污染的一个主要原因。

【要点】exhaust 一词常出现在环境场景中。

v.排气；（使）筋疲力尽；耗尽 n.废气

【搭配】】 be exhausted from.因...而十分疲乏；exhaust pipe 排气管；exhaust emission 废气排放；intake and exhaust system 进气和排气系统

【例句】

1. Cylindrical in shape, made of wood, and hanging from string, it was moved to and fro by steam blowing out from small exhaust ports at either end.它的形状是圆柱形的，用木头制成，并且用绳悬挂着，由两端的小排气口排出的蒸汽推动着来回移动。

2. Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions decide which cars are preferred by customers.(汽车的)油耗和尾气排放决定了顾客会喜欢哪种车。

3. We have exhausted all our material resources.我们已经耗尽了所有的物资。

【派生】exhaustible(a.可被用尽的)；exhaustive(a.消耗的)

-v.(使)非常疲倦；耗尽 -n.废气；排出

【搭配】be exhausted from.因...而十分疲乏；exhaust pipe 排气管；exhaust emission 尾气排放；intake and exhaust system 进气和排气系统

【例句】

1. We had no choice but to walk down the mountain instead, and because it was still raining when we got to the mountain foot, we could not find a single free taxi. So we were totally drenched and utterly exhausted, stuck in the middle of nowhere.最终我们没有选择，只能走着下山。当我们到达山脚下时，还在 下雨，拦不到一辆空的出租车。我们浑身都湿透了，并且筋疲力尽，被困 在了那个荒无人烟的地方。

2. Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions decide which cars are preferred by customers.油耗和废气排放量决定了顾客会喜欢哪种车。 discharge(v./n.排出)

44- fabrication

n.捏造, 伪造

【搭配】metal fabrication金属预制件

【例句】The paper is absolutely a fabrication.这篇论文完全是编造的。

【要点】听力场景中也会对留学生活中遇到的学习问题有所涉及：

fabrication 成绩伪造行为

deadline作业、论文等的上交截止日期

cheating 作弊

falsification of records 篡改考试成绩

academic dishonesty 学术欺骗行为

45- furnace

n.暖气锅炉; 熔炉

【同】stove

【搭配】gas furnace 煤气炉; oil furnace 燃油炉

【例句】Do not put the furnace close to the furniture. 不要把炉子放在家具附近。

【要点】电器的统称为electronic appliance:
heater 加热器
heating unit 暖气片
air conditioner 空调设备
stove 炉子
kitchen utensil 炊具
oven 烤箱
range 煤气灶, 炉灶

46- flat

a.平的, 平坦的; （价格）固定的, （收费）统一的; 单调的, 沉闷的; 扁平的, 浅的 ad.平直地; 直截了当地, 断然地 n.一套房间, 公寓套房

【同】apartment

【例句】Do you currently live in a flat? 你现在是住在一座公寓里吗？

【要点】flat是公寓, 是一栋住宅楼里的一套, 如一居室、三室一厅之类的; house是有多层的各种配套设施的独立房屋。flat 的楼一般二到三层, 每层几户, 一般每家一个车位, 一栋楼往往只有一个入口。

a.平的；（价格）固定的 n.单元住宅

【例句】

1. If the glass were kept hot enough, it would flow over the molten tig until the top surface was also flat, horizontal and perfectly parallel to the bottom surface.如果玻璃的温度够高，它会在锡液上流动，直到上表面与底面一样平整，且与之完全平行。

2. In 1952, Pilkington had the idea of using a bed of molten metal to form the flat glass, eliminating altogether the need for rollers within the float bath. 1952年皮尔金顿就想到了利用熔融金属来制造平板玻璃，完全不需要再在浮槽内放滚筒。

3. Flat shoes can be a solution for your back pain.穿平底鞋是治疗背痛的一种 方法。

【同义】 apartment(n.公寓)；even, level, smooth(a.平的)

47- furniture

a(r)] n.家具

【搭配】polish furniture 给家具上光; office furniture 办公家具; a piece of furniture 一件家具

【例句】The bad insects can destroy clothes, furniture and even the whole building. 这些害虫会毁坏衣服、家具甚至整个建筑。

【要点】furniture为不可数名词, 常在租房场景中出现, 例如租房后要购置哪些家具、买家具还是租家具、房租里是否包含家具等。

48- grocery

n.杂货店; 杂货

【例句】I assisted in a grocery store last semester. 上学期, 我在一家杂货店帮忙。

【要点】英国人用 grocery 表示杂货店, 美国人则比较多用 grocery store。关于购物的词汇有：
factory outlet 工厂店
department store 百货店
dime store 折扣店
convenience store 便利店
second-hand store 二手店
shopping mall 购物中心
chain store 连锁店
wholesale 批发
retail 零售
window shopping (只看不买地)逛商店

49- haul

v.(用力)拖, 拉; （用车等）拖运 n.拖, 拉; 一次获得的数量; 运送的距离

【搭配】haul oneself up/out of 用力缓慢挪动到··; a good/big haul 一大网鱼; 一大笔进账

【例句】I'm hoping it'll help me to build up my stamina, but it'll probably be a long haul. 我希望这能帮助我增强耐力, 但可能需要很长时间。

50- hesitation

n.犹豫

【搭配】without hesitation 没有犹豫; have(no) hesitation in doing sth. 做某事时(没)犹豫

【例句】Tom bought the 3D television immediately without hesitation. 汤姆毫不犹豫, 立即买下了这台3D电视机。

【要点】wel, oh, eh 这类说话者在思考问题时常用的填充语(hesitation fillers)也是雅思听力中一个比较难适应的问题, 考生们应该注意这方面的训练, 要能适应这些词语夹杂在听力中。

51- homestay

n.(在国外的访问者)在当地居民家居住

【搭配】homestay family 寄宿家庭

【例句】A: I've heard that you want to move into a homestay family. Is that correct?

B: Yes, that's right.

【要点】homestay family叫做寄宿家庭, 是由于留学生在国外生活不便而产生的当地寄宿家庭, 留学生一来可以迅速熟悉环境, 二来有人照顾起居。不过相比自己租房, 价格偏贵。

52- hospitality

n.好客, 殷勤, 款待

【搭配】corporate hospitality 企业联谊, 商务接待

【例句】Most of the hospitality staff have been put in the red team. 大多数好客的员工被分到了红队。

【要点】hospitality在授课等场景中有时也表示"酒店管理", 与 Hotel Management 同义。

53- immigration

n.移居; 移民

【搭配】immigration law 移民法; immigration control 入境检查; immigration application 移民申请

【例句】There will be stricter controls on immigration into the country. 以后进入这个国家会有更严格的入境检查。

【要点】注意和emigration(移居外国、侨民)的区别, 词根im-表示"进入", 而词根e-表示"出", 所以immigration表示"由外入内", 而emigration 表示"由内出外"; 另外也要注意它们发音和拼写的区别, emigration 发音是, 没有双写m。

54- incorporate

v.包含; 把·合并

【同】comprehend; embody

【搭配】incorporate with 混合, 合并; incorporate in 并入; incorporate. into. 将成为...的一部分

【例句】Cash dispensers in the future wil incorporate biometric face scanners. 取款机在未来将被嵌入面部扫描仪。

55- install

v.正式任命, 使正式就职; 安顿, 安置; 安装, 设置

【同】fit

【搭配】install drinking machine 安装饮水机; install wood strip flooring 安装地板条

【例句】In the noisiest areas mechanical ventilation will have to be installed in the exterior walls. 在最嘈杂的区域, 机械通风设备必须安装在外墙上。

56- instrumental

a.起作用的, 有帮助的; 乐器的, 仪器的

【例句】He was instrumental in developing many innovative design concepts. 他在许多创新设计理念的创立上都有帮助。

57- insulate

英式发音? ; 美式发音? 。 v.隔离, 孤立; 使绝缘, 使绝热

【同】alienate; isolate

【注意】这个词的发音和isolate近似

【搭配】insulate sb. from sth. 把某人从··中隔离出去; insulating tape 绝缘胶带; insulated cable 绝缘电缆

【例句】Not only will all the roofs need insulating, the exterior walls will be required to be double thickness. 不仅仅是所有房顶需要隔热, 外墙也要加厚两倍。

58- insulation

英式发音? ; 美式发音? 。 n.绝缘; 隔离, 孤立

【搭配】insulation layer 绝缘层; acoustic insulation 隔音; thermal insulation 隔热

【例句】The good insulation wil reduce heating loss. 良好的隔离会减少热损失。

59- intensify

v.(使)增强, (使)加剧

【同】increase

【搭配】intensify the functions 强化功能

【例句】One of the problems in built-up areas is that traffic noise is intensified by tall buildings. 高楼密集区的一个问题是高层建筑会放大交通噪音。

60- indigestible

a.难消化的; 难理解的

【例句】Their presentation was a tough and indigestible piece of cake. 他们提供的是一块又硬又难消化的蛋糕。

61- interior

a.内部的, 里面的 n.内部; 内地, 内陆

【同】inside

【搭配】interior decoration 室内装潢; interior design 室内设计; interior structure attic 阁楼

【例句】For those houses closest to the highway two layers of plasterboard will be needed for the interior bedroom walls. 对于那些离高速公路很近的房子, 卧室内的墙壁需要用双层的石膏板。

【要点】其反义词为 exterior。

a.内部的 n.内部

【搭配】interior decoration 室内装潢；interior design 室内设计；in the interior of.在...内部

【例句】

1. Before the dams were built, the Nile flowed freely, carrying huge quantities of sediment north from Africa's interior to be deposited on the Nile delta.在大坝修建之前,尼罗河自由奔腾,把大量的沉积物从非洲内陆带到了北部,在尼罗河三角洲沉积下来。

2. The secret of the versatility of glass lies in its interior structure.这种多功能玻璃的奥秘在于它的内部结构。

62- interrupt

v.中断, 阻碍; 打断, 打扰

【同】bother; disturb

【搭配】interrupt the work 打扰工作

【例句】A: How does your illness affect your daily life?

B: It has interrupted my work.

63- intersection

n.道路交叉口, 交点, 十字路口

【同】joint; junction

【例句】This is one of the busiest intersections in the capital city. 这是该首都城市最繁忙的交叉路口之一。

【要点】intersection一词经常出现在听力考试的问路场景中, 其他常用的问路词汇有：
crossroad 十字路口
a T road 丁字路口
a fork on the road 分叉路口

64- intimate

a.亲密的, 密切的; 私人的

【同】personal; private

【搭配】be intimate with sb. 与某人保持亲密关系; intimate details 隐私; intimate knowledge of sth. 对··非常了解, 熟悉; on intimate terms with sb. 与某人保持亲密关系

【例句】The dance studio provides a smaller, more intimate space, which we use for ballet, modern dance and martial arts. 这个舞厅提供了一个更小且更亲密的空间, 我们用来练习芭蕾、现代舞和武术。

【要点】注意不要和intimidate(v.胁迫)混淆。

65- iron

r不发音 n.铁; 烙铁, 熨斗 v.熨, 烫

【同】strike while the iron is hot → take the opportunity 抓住机会

【搭配】iron out 熨烫; 解决, 消除; cast iron 铸铁; iron man triathlon 铁人三项; iron and steel industry 钢铁工业; iron ore 铁矿石

【例句】Our forefathers learned how to make magnets out of iron at that time? 在那个时候, 我们的祖先就学会了如何从铸铁中炼出磁铁？

66- jumble

n.混杂, 掺杂; 待义卖的旧杂物 v.混杂, 掺杂

【搭配】a jumble of一堆; jumble sale废旧杂物廉价拍卖

【例句】Here is a jumble of books and newspaper. 这有一堆杂乱的书和报纸。

67- landfill

n.垃圾堆; 垃圾填筑地, 废渣埋填地

【同】dump

【搭配】landfill site 垃圾掩埋地点

【例句】The landfill near our house gives out a strong stinking smell in the summer. 我们家附近的垃圾堆到夏天就会发出一股恶臭味。

68- layout

n.布局, 陈设

【搭配】layout of an office 办公室布局; layout of a CV 简历的版面设计; product layout of a supermarket 超市的货品摆放

【例句】The noise factor will have to be taken into consideration with the layout of the house. 在房屋布局设计中, 噪音问题必须纳入考虑的范畴。

-n.布局，安排；设计

【搭配】layout of an office 办公室布局；layout of a CV简历的版面设计；product layout of a supermarket 超市的货品摆放

1. The layout of the room is convenient for artists' drawing and lights hanging overhead focus on the working area.屋子的布局方便画家作画，悬挂顶灯的光集中在工作区。

2. The noise factor will have to be taken into consideration with the layout of the houses.噪音因素必须纳入房屋设计的考虑范围内。

69- lease

n.租约, 租契, 租期 v.出租; 租得

【同】rent

【搭配】renew a lease 续约; lease contract 租赁合同

【例句】Our present lease on the flat expires next month. 我们这套公寓的租约下月到期。

【要点】租房对于留学生来说是件很重要的事, 这里介绍一些有关租房的词汇：
accommodation 膳宿供应
landlord 房东
tenant 房客
housemate 室友

70- line

n.线条, 界线; 条纹, 皱纹; 方针, 路线; 线路, 电话线; 线, 绳; 排, 行; （行进）路线, 航线, 铁路线; 行业, 专长 v.使排成一行; 用线标出, 画线于; 排齐

【同】row

【搭配】in line with 符合; railway line 铁路线; bottom line 最低价格; 最后结果

【例句】The customers are standing in line waiting for the salesmen.顾客们正在排队等待销售人员。

71- link

n.环节, 链环, 联系 v.连接, 联系

【同】connection; relation

【搭配】link A with B 把A与B联系起来; link between air pollution and heart disease 空气污染与心脏病之间的联系

【例句】There is a link between children being good readers and having parental teaching. 儿童的阅读能力和家长教育之间有联系。

72- locate

英式发音? ; 美式发音? 。注意英音和美音重音位置不同。 v.查找地点; 使坐落于, 位于

【例句】The library is located in the west of the campus. 图书馆位于校园西部。

73- location

n.位置, 场所

【同】place; site; spot

【搭配】good location 好地段; best/golden location 黄金地段

【例句】The location for each exhibition centre will be found in the information book. 在这本信息手册中有每个展览中心的位置。

【要点】location 常出现在听力问路及租房场景中, 这个词相当于一个提示性词语, 它后面的内容要特别注意。

74- magnificent

a.壮丽的, 宏伟的; 美丽的, 动人的

【同】beautiful; gorgeous; superb

【搭配】magnificent performance 出色表演

【例句】The garage around the corner contains the magnificent old Rolls-Royce which used to belong to George. 角落处的那个车库里停着一辆漂亮的老式劳斯莱斯, 它曾经是乔治的。

【要点】注意本词的拼写。

75- migration

n.迁移；移民；移动

【搭配】migration patterns 迁徙方式；language migration 语言变迁

【例句】After 1850, there was a vast migration from Europe by land -hungry farmers and others, to which the famine caused by the Irish potato blight contributed, to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa. 1850年以后，爱尔兰马铃薯枯萎病引起的饥荒造成了大量的饥民，他们从欧洲陆路移民到了北美、澳大利亚、新西兰和非洲南部。migration的动词形式为migrate。migrate,emigrate和immigrate属于形似近义词。这些动词均有“移居，迁移”之意。migrate通常指大批人短期或定期的移居，也指动物的定期迁徙；emigrate指自本国移出，长期定居在外；immigrate指自他国移入，长期定居。

76- misguide

v.误导

【同】mislead

【例句】We were misguided by the advertisements for the company's product turned out to be pretty terrible. 我们被广告误导了, 实际上该公司的产品非常糟糕。

77- maintain

v.维修, 保养; 维持, 保持; 坚持, 主张

【同】keep up; preserve

【搭配】maintain world peace 维护世界和平; maintain one's health 保持健康

【例句】A: Do you think you will maintain the contact now?

B: I hope so. I've invited three of the partners to have dinner with me next week.

【要点】maintain cost 和 repair fee 都是"维修费用"的意思。

-v.保持；维修；主张

【搭配】 maintain world peace 维护世界和平；maintain one's health 保持健康

【例句】

1. Lozanov maintains that without such a placebo people are unable or afraid to tap the reserve capacity of their brains.罗扎诺夫坚持认为如果没有这种安慰作用，人们就不能或害怕动用他们大脑的储备能力。

2. Health promotion programs and policies would help people maintain healthy behaviors and lifestyles.保健计划和方针能帮人们保持健康的生活习惯和生活方式。

-v.保持；维修，保养；主张

【搭配】maintain world peace 维护世界和平；maintain one's health 保持健康

【例句】

1. Public vehicles should be suitably maintained so that people would find them safe to ride. The government can also impose a law on the maximum number of cars each family should have.公共交通工具应该得到适当的维修保养，以便人们 安全乘坐。政府也可以制定法律来规定每个家庭最多能拥有几辆汽车。

2. Casual clothes make me look lively and fashionable. In addition, compared with formal clothes, casual clothes are easier to wash and maintain.穿休闲服装 让我看起来活泼、时尚。此外，与正装相比，休闲服更易洗涤和保养。 111 3. Health promotion programs and policies would help people maintain healthy behaviors and lifestyles.健康促进计划和方针有助于人们保持健康的生活习 惯和生活方式。

78- mansion

n.公寓, 府邸, 公馆; 大厦

【例句】The guide shows us personally around the mansion. 向导亲自带我们在大厦内参观。

【要点】这里介绍一些同类词汇：
skyscraper 摩天大楼
complex 综合建筑, 建筑群
high-rise 高层
- migration n.迁徙, 移居

【搭配】migration patterns 迁徙方式; language migration 语言迁徙

【例句】The migration pattern of animals is related to their habits. 动物的迁徙方式与它的生活习性有关。

79- nutritional

a.营养的

【同】nutritionary; nutritious

【搭配】nutritional status 营养状况; nutritional level营养水平; nutritional requirement 营养需要

【例句】Junk food is a term applied to some foods that are perceived to have little nutritional value. 垃圾食物是指那些基本上没有营养价值的食物。

a.营养的；滋养的

【例句】 It says many Pacific islanders have replaced their traditional diets of vegetables and fruits with imported processed foods. He says many of the imported products lack nutritional value. But they are widely available, and often cost less than healthier foods.这项报告表示一些太平洋岛民已经把他们传统的蔬菜和水果饮食换成了进口加工食品。他说很多进口食品缺少营养价值，但是它们到处都可以获取，而且常常会比一些更健康的食品便宜。

-a.营养的

【搭配】the nutritional value of food 食物的营养价值

【例句】 Although fast food has little nutritional value, it is a blessing for busy people.尽管快餐的营养价值很低,但是它对忙碌的人们来说是福音。

80- pellet

n.小团, 小球; 小药丸; 小弹丸

【搭配】shotgun pellets霰弹弹丸

【例句】This kind of food pellets for rabbits will almost cover all nutritional needs. 这种丸状的兔粮几乎富含所有的营养需求。

【要点】后缀-let有"小"的含义。类似的单词还有 tablet "平板电脑, 药片"。

81- outskirt

n.郊区

【同】out of town; suburb

【例句】My sister used to live in a small house in the outskirts of the city. 我姐姐曾经住在这个城市郊区的一间小房子里。

【要点】这个词经常出现在雅思听力的地理场景中; downtown 和urban area 均指 "市区"。

82- overhead

形容词发音; 副词发音。 a.在头顶上的; 架空的 ad.在空中, 在头顶上

【同】above; over

【搭配】overhead projector 投影仪

【例句】The overhead cable will be harmful to transport security. 架空的电线会危及交 通安全。

83- parallel

a.平行的; 类似的; 相对应的 n.可相比拟的事物; 相似处; 平行线, 平行面; 纬线 v.与··相似, 与·相当, 比得上

【同】correctional

【搭配】parallel to 与··平行; parallel lines 平行线; parallel bars 双杠

【例句】Several roads are parallel and equidistant from each other. 几条路平行且间距相等。

【要点】这里介绍其他几个常用的体操类词汇：
gymnastics 体操
gymnastic apparatus 体育器械
horizontal bar 单杠
parallel bars 双杠
rings 吊环
side horse 鞍马

84- pattern

n.型, 模式, 样式; 花样, 图案 v.仿制, 按照··样子

【搭配】migration pattern 迁徙方式; eating pattern 饮食模式; consumption pattern 消费模式; design pattern 设计模式

【例句】The expert wants to research on the population size, migration patterns and relations to other population of the species. 这位专家想研究这个物种的数量、迁徙模式以及与其他物种数量的关联。

85- permanent

英式发音? ; 美式发音? 。注意英音和美音的区别 a.永久的, 持久的

【同】eternal; everlasting; perpetual

【搭配】permanent address永久住址

【例句】Instead of moving from place to place the family needed permanent dwellings. 这家人需要长期的居住地而不是不停地搬家。

【要点】说到 permanent address 就不难想到我们填各种表格时的一些项目：
age 年龄
height 身高
weight 体重
nationality 国籍
date of birth 出生日期
marital status 婚姻状况
health condition 健康状况
- pitch t不发音 n.沥青; 投掷; 场地; 音高 v.用沥青覆盖; 投掷; 为··定音高

【同】field; throw; toss

【搭配】football pitch足球场地; rugby pitch 橄榄球场地; on the pitch在场上比 赛; of the pitch 在场下

【例句】The song is pitched too high for my voice. 这首歌的起音太高了, 我唱不上去。

a.永久的，永恒的；不变的 n.烫发（等于permanent wave)

【搭配】 permanent address 永久住址

【例句】 A sparsely scattered permanent population and fast development of leisure activities, especially skiing, have resulted in significant long-term changes to the local ecosystems.常住人口分布稀疏，休闲活动的发展迅速，尤其是滑雪，使当地生态系统发生了重大深远的改变。

-a.永久的，不变的 -n.烫发（等于permanent wave)

【搭配】permanent address 永久住址

【例句】 She is looking for permanent employment.她正在找固定工作。

86- pitch

87- portable

a.轻便的, 便于携带的, 手提式的

【搭配】portable computer 便携式电脑; portable telephone 移动电话

【例句】A small portable tablet will be needed during the work. 在工作中, 需要一部小巧便携的平板电脑。

88- pretension

n.声称; 假装; 要求, 主张; 自负, 骄傲

【同】conceit

【例句】The woman, having fewer pretensions, is far more willing to learn.这个女人不那么自命不凡, 非常愿意学习。

【要点】注意不要和pretend的词义混淆。

89- pricey

a.价格高的; 昂贵的

【例句】They quoted us $200, which is really pricey, so I hope the insurance will cover the total cost. 他们给我们的报价是200美元, 这个价格真的很高, 所以我希望保险能包括全部的花费。

【要点】pricey 是口语用法。英语里有很多类似的在名词词尾加y变为形容词的例子, 比如baggy, "袋状的; 宽松的"。

90- position

n.位置; 职位, 职务; 姿势, 姿态; 见解, 立场; 形势

【同】place; spot

【搭配】be in a position to do sth. 能够; 有做·的机会; leave sth. /sb. in the position of 使某人处于·.

【例句】The board of directors have made their positions clearly. 董事会明确了他们的立场。

【要点】post 和position 都表示一个公司或组织里空缺的职位, 我们在招聘广告里会经常看到。

91- possession

n.持有, 拥有; 所有权; 所有物; 财产, 财富

【同】assets; belongings; properties

【搭配】in sb. 's possession 被某人占有; in possession of sth. 占有某物

【例句】It would be a good idea to get some insurance for the furniture and other personal possessions. 给家具和其他一些个人财产上保险是个不错的主意。

【要点】在听力考试中注意和position的区别, 两词读音很相似。

92- postcode

-'t'的发音可能会有吞音的现象 n.邮政编码

【同】zip code

【例句】A: Do you know your postcode? I may get a wrong one.

B: Yes. It's GU8 9EW.

【要点】在雅思听力中, 邮编经常以字母和数字混合的形式出现, 注意辨别。

93- queue

n.行列, 长队 v.排队, 排队等待

【同】line; row

【搭配】queue up 排队, 排队等待; wait in a queue 排队等待; private queue 专用队列

【例句】We wil join the house renting queue. 我们会加入到租房队伍中去。

【要点】queue 的发音和把它后三个字母去掉后的发音一样, 注意在听力中要与 kill 区别开, 有些考生在实际考试中会混淆这两个词。

94- property

n.财产, 资产, 所有物; 性质, 特性

【同】belongings; characteristics; feature; possession

【搭配】intellectual property 知识产权; assignment of property 产权转让; lost property 失物招领

【例句】A: Lost Property, can I help you?

B: Oh, yes, I've had my purse stolen.

【要点】property还有"房产"的意思, 在雅思听力场景中, 就有过 live in this property的用法; 这个词还可用来表示房间内的一些设施, 比如学生会在对话里讨论住处是 rent property 还是 buy property 的问题。这都需要我们注意辨别这个词在不同语境中的意思。

-n.财产；房产；性质；所有权

【搭配】intellectual property 知识产权；assignment of property产权转让；lost property 失物招领；property development 房产开发

【例句】

1. Policemen are brave, and they fight against criminals when necessary, and sometimes even sacrifice their lives to protect innocent people and their property.警察很勇敢，在必要时他们要和犯罪分子作斗争，有时甚至要牺牲生命来 保护无辜群众及其财产安全。

2. Malleability is a physical property of matter.延展性是物质的一个物理特性。

【派生】 propertied(a.有产的)

【同义】belongings(n.财产)；possession(n.所有物)

95- provision

n.供应, （一批）供应品; 准备, 预备; 条款, 规定; 给养, 口粮

【搭配】make provision 做好准备, 预先采取措施; under the provision of sth. 在. . 的条件下

【例句】The country has enough provisions of grain for the future several years. 这个国家在未来的几年中有足够的粮食储备。

n.规定；条款；准备；供应品 v.供给...食物及必需品

【搭配】 make provision 做好准备，预先采取措施；under the provision of sth在...的条件下

【例句】The focus is gradually shifting back to the provision of basic human and environmental needs as top priority.关注点逐渐转变到了以供应人类的基本需求和环境需要为首要任务上。

【同义】 preparation(n.准备，预备)；clause(n.条款)；food(n.食物)

96- proximity

n.接近, 邻近

【同】closeness; nearness

【搭配】proximity to 亲近; in close proximity非常接近

【例句】I chose the company for its proximity to my house. 我选这个公司是因为它离我的家近。

97- radius

n.半径

【搭配】with a twenty-meter radius 半径20米

【例句】Some local carpenters could only accept jobs in a three-kilometre radius. 当地的一些木匠只能接受方圆3公里内的工作。

【要点】复数形式比较特殊, 为radii。

98- random

a.随机的, 随意的 n.随机, 随意

【同】arbitrary

【搭配】at random随机地, 任意地; random selection 随机选择; random sampling随机取样

【例句】The atoms are arranged in a random disordered fashion.这些原子以杂乱无章的顺序排列。

【要点】这个词经常出现在一些与调查有关的场景中。"随机选择某物"就为 choose sth. at random.

a.任意的，随机的

【搭配】 random selection 随机选择；random access 随机存取

【例句】

1. After this, many researchers switched to auto ganzfeld tests-an automated variant of the technique which used computers to perform many of the key tasks such as the random selection of images.此后，很多研究人员转而进行自动超感知全域测试法,它是超感知全域测试法的自动化形式,利用电脑完成诸如随机选择图像等许多重要任务。

2. The robots follow their own random paths around the plant busily getting on with their jobs.在工厂里，机器人按照自己的随机路线，忙碌地工作着。

99- reassurance

n.再保证

【例句】We have been given reassurance that the rainfall will not threaten us. 我们已经得到再次的保证, 降雨不会再威胁我们了。

100- recognise

g的发音通常被弱化 v.认出, 识别; 承认, 认可; 明白, 意识到

【同】identify; realise; regard

【搭配】be recognized as sth. 被认成某物

【例句】Recently, many people have recognised ostrich's value as a food source. 近来, 许多人已经认识到鸵鸟作为食物来源的价值。

101- redevelopment

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.重新规划, 重新建设

【搭配】downtown redevelopment 城市的重新规划; economic redevelopment 经济的重建

【例句】Now, the theatre is reopening soon after its two-year redevelopment. 现在, 经过两年的重建, 这家剧场即将重新运营。

102- refresh

v.使恢复; 使振作

【同】refresh sb. 's drink(美式英语) → top sb. up (英式英语)给某人满酒

【搭配】refresh sb. 's memory 恢复某人的记忆

【例句】I refreshed myself with a cup of coffee. 我喝了一杯咖啡来提神。

-v.(使)振作精神，（使）恢复活力

【搭配】refresh one's memory 恢复记忆

【例句】

1. When I was tired, the water view outside the window could always refresh my eyes.当我感到疲惫的时候，窗外的水景总能让我的双眼为之一亮。

2. My life always becomes so refreshed and enriched and meaningful again after I come back from a trip.当我旅行归来之后，我的生命总会焕然一新，又变得充实、有意义了。

3. My job is to make sure that you all feel relaxed and refreshed.我的工作就是保证你们都感觉轻松自在、精力充沛。

【派生】 refreshing(a.提神的)

【同义】restore(v.恢复)；revive(v.恢复；重新流行)

103- refreshment

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.点心, 饮料; 精力恢复

【同】snack

【例句】Refreshment is included in the cost of a first class ticket. 便餐费用包括在一等票价内。

【要点】refreshment意为"茶点、便餐", 是雅思听力场景中的一个高频词汇, 曾考过 the refreshment served in the foyer.

n.茶点, 饮料

【例句】It is well-known that theater tickets don't include the price of refreshments. 众所周知, 电影票钱不包含饮料。

【要点】相关词汇：
snack 零食
dessert 甜食
pudding 布丁

-n.(精力的)恢复；点心，小吃

【例句】

1. What tastes good to people, as well as what is tasteful to offer as refreshments to guests, can be very different from one culture to another.人们认为好吃的东 西或者款待客人的美味点心，在不同的文化中可能会非常不一样。

2. You can use the members' lounge for refreshments when you feel tired.感到 疲倦的时候你可以在会员休息室休息一下。

【同义】beverage(n.饮料)

104- refund

名词发音? ; 动词发音? n.偿还额, 退款 v.退还（钱款）, 偿还

【同】payback

【搭配】full refund 全额偿还; give sb. a refund 给某人退款

【例句】The incorrect or wrong goods can be refunded. 买错的商品是可以退的。

【要点】refund 常出现在购物投诉场景中。

105- refundable

adj. 可退还的, 可归还的, 可偿还的

【例句】The deposit on the house is refundable. 这座房子的押金是可以退还的。

【要点】反义词为non-refundable。

106- remote

a.长久的; 偏僻的; 关系疏远的; 远的

【同】distant; faraway

【搭配】remote control 遥控器; remote chance/possibility 机会很小; remote sensing technology 遥感技术

【例句】There's a remote chance that we can catch the thief in such a short time. 在如此短的时间内抓住小偷是不大可能的。

a.遥远的；偏僻的；（关系）疏远的

【搭配】 remote boot 远程引导；remote access 远距访问

【例句】

1. As towns gradually expanded, water was brought from increasingly remote sources, leading to sophisticated engineering efforts such as dams and aqueducts.随着城镇的逐步发展，水需要从越来越遥远的水源地引入，这就导致需要建设复杂工程，如水坝和渡槽。

2. His ultimate goal was to discover an earth-like planet in remote galaxies.他的终极目标是在遥远的星系找到一颗类地行星。

3. Transport networks need to be expanded to remote rural areas.运输网需要扩展到偏远的农村地区。

【同义】 secluded(a.偏僻的)；distant(a. 遥远的)

【派生】 remoteness(n.偏僻，遥远)

-a.遥远的；偏僻的；（关系）疏远的

【例句】

1. I have a place of my own in a remote seaside town, which is a small and roughly built cabin.我在偏远的海边小镇有一个属于自己的地方，那是一栋简陋的小屋。

2. His ultimate goal was to discover an Earth-like planet in a remote galaxy.他的最终目标是在遥远的星系中找到一颗类地行星。

107- remove

v.排除, 消除, 去掉; 搬迁, 移动, 运走

【搭配】be far removed from sth. 和·. ·差别很大

【例句】Water soluble vitamins are removed rapidly from the body. 水溶性维生素可以很快从身体中排出去。

【要点】注意在听力中不要和 removal 混淆。

v./n.移动；迁移；开除

【搭配】 be far removed from sth.和...差别很大

【例句】 Pupils attend the school in their own neighbourhood, which theoretically removes ranking by school. 学生就近入学，从理论上来说，取消了学校的等次。

108- revert

v.恢复, 回复到

【同】regress; restore 搭配revert to回到, 恢复到

【例句】The mother's conversation has to revert to child every ten minutes. 妈妈的谈话每隔十分钟就会回到孩子的身上。

109- repaint

v.重新油漆, 重画

【搭配】repaint the wall重新刷墙

【例句】The first thing people will see when they come in is that the foyer has been repainted gold. 人们走进来首先就会看到门廊被重新漆成了金色。

【要点】注意在听力中不要和repay混淆。

110- resident

a.居住的 n.居民, 常住者

【同】inhabitant

【搭配】urban resident 城镇居民; resident doctor 住院医生; tax resident 纳税居民; local resident 当地居民

【例句】The residents of Suzhou are proud of the Suzhou Gardens. 苏州的居民都以苏州园林为骄傲。

111- residential

a.居住的; 住宅的, 住所的; 提供住宿的

【同】inhabited

【搭配】residential property 住宅区; residential school 寄宿学校; Asian residential area 亚洲人居住区; residential quarters 住宅小区

【例句】Smith House is one of the oldest residential colleges of the university. 史密斯学院是这所大学最古老的寄宿学院之一。

112- respond

v.回答, 答复; 响应

【同】answer; reply

【搭配】respond to回答, 对··作出反应; 响应; respond by doing sth. 做. 来响应

【例句】The waiter does not respond to our demands at all. 那个服务生对我们的要求一点反应都没有。

v.回答；作出反应

【搭配】 respond to 回答；响应

【例句】

1. Local carpenters have been trained in the new design to respond to requests.当地的木匠已接受过培训，他们能制作出这种新款式来满足客户的需求。

2. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof. Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers. 尽管这种方法将首先试用在传统疗法不能治愈的癌症上，西莫教授还是希望有一天它能用于治疗所有的癌症。

3. Fewer students responded that rainforests provide plant habitats, and even fewer mentioned the indigenous populations of rainforests.很少有学生回答说雨林为植物提供栖息地，谈及雨林中的土著人的就更少了。

4. Companies should respond to this kind of situation in a more honest and open way.公司应采取更为诚实和公开的方式来应对这种情况。

【同义】 answer(v.回答)；react(v.作出反应)

113- roam

n.漫步, 闲逛 v.漫步, 闲逛; 漫谈

【同】walk around; wander

【搭配】roam over/around/about 闲逛; 徘徊

【例句】If we go back ten thousand years ago we would find that there were lions roaming vast sections of the globe. 如果我们回到一万年前, 就会发现地球上的大部分地区都有狮子出没。

【要点】注意读音, 不要和 Rome 混淆。

114- rough

a.粗糙的; 混乱的; 艰难的; 粗略的 ad.简陋地; 粗暴地 v.草拟; 粗暴对待, 殴打

【同】harsh

【搭配】rough estimate 粗略估计; rough sb. up 对·. ·动粗

【例句】I would say that I had a rough time these days. 我想说这些天我经历了一段艰难时期。

115- safety

n.安全, 保险; 安全设备, 保险装置

【同】security

【搭配】safety regulations 安全规则; safety office保卫处; safety helmet 安全帽

【例句】Safety and insurance are two main factors needed to be considered when buying cars. 在买车的时候, 安全和保险是我们需要考虑的两个主要因素。

116- saucer

n.茶托, 碟子

【搭配】coffee saucer 咖啡碟; flying saucer飞碟

【例句】A cup and saucer is provided by the waiter. 服务生拿来一副杯碟

117- scale

n.规模; 等级; 比例; 刻度; 天平; 鳞 v.测量; 攀登; 剥落

【同】cut; magnitude; size

【搭配】on a large scale 大规模地; in scale 成比例, 相称; out of scale 不成比例, 不相称; scale down 按比例缩小, 按比例缩减

【例句】The trend in architecture now favours smaller scale building design.现在, 建筑的趋势是倾向于更小规模的建筑设计。

【要点】雅思考试中曾出现过介绍城市郊区发展状况的场景, 其中就有 large-scale housing。

n.规模；天平；（鱼等的）鳞 v.攀登

【搭配】 on a large scale 大规模地；in scale 成比例，相称；out of scale 不成比例

【例句】

1. They assess the dogs' abilities to concentrate by marking them on a scale of between one and five according to how well they remain focused on a toy tossed in to a patch of grass.他们用五级量表来评估狗的专注能力，他们把玩具扔向草地，根据它们对玩具的注意程度来打分。

2. The trend in architecture now favours smaller scale building design that reflects a growing public awareness of environmental protection.现在，建筑设计的流行趋势是小户型，这反映出公众的环保意识越来越强了。

3. In a recent research, the tropical forest has been depicted as ecologically unfit for large-scale human occupation.最近的一项研究表明，从生态学角度来看，热带森林不适合人类大规模居住。

118- signage

n.招牌

【例句】Recent public places improvements include more and better signage to give directions. 最近的公共场所改善措施包括增加更多更好的标识牌以指示方向。

119- site

n.位置, 场所 v.使坐落在; 设置

【同】location; place

【搭配】building/construction site建筑场地

【例句】Do not build on the sites because you will disturb the environment. 不要在这些地方建房子, 因为你会破坏环境。

【要点】on-site意为"现场的", 如on-site cleaner(驻场清洁工), 注意在听力考试中一定要加上英文连字符(-)。

120- situated

a.位于··的, 坐落在··的; 处于··境地的

【同】located

【搭配】conveniently situated 位置便利; be situated in/near 坐落在.

【例句】Along the street, you will find the hospital, which is situated between the house and the post office. 沿着这条街走, 你就会找到那家医院, 它位于那座房子和邮局之间。

121- separate

a.分离的, 分开的

【同】apart

【搭配】separate bedrooms 独立的卧室

【例句】Nowadays many children have separate bedrooms. 如今, 很多孩子都有独立的卧室。

122- serial

a.连续的, 按顺序排列的 n.连续剧, 连载故事

【同】series

【搭配】serial number 序号; television serial 电视连续剧; serial story 小说连载

【例句】The TV station has made many successful TV serials in recent years. 近些年来, 这家电视台制作过很多成功的电视连续剧。

【要点】TV series 意为"电视连续剧", 雅思考试也会涉及电视或出版类的词汇：
circulation 发行量
edition 版本
editorial 社论
feature article 特写
banner headline 通栏大标题
news coverage 新闻报道

-n.连续剧 -a.连续的；按顺序排列的

【例句】

1. The program"Human and Nature"is a long serial program, which has been broadcast on our national TV channel for at least 15 years.《人与自然》这个节目 是长篇系列节目，已经在我们中央电视台播出至少15年了。

2. A lot of people complained that American police serials were particularly violent.许多人抱怨美国的警匪片太暴力了。

123- snack

n.快餐, 小吃, 点心

【同】refreshment

【搭配】snack bar 小吃店, 快餐店

【例句】You should have some high energy snacks after swimming. 在游泳之后你应该吃一些高热量的点心。

【要点】注意在听力考试过程中不要和snake的发音混淆, mid-morning snacks 指"间食（上午十点左右, 学生可以喝咖啡, 吃小点心）"。

124- snap

v.咔嚓折断, 啪地绷断; 吧嗒一声关上或打开; 猛咬, 猛然断裂; 厉声说话, 怒声责备

【同】snap out of it → change one's habit 恢复状态, 振作起来

【搭】配snap at sth. 向··咬去; 迫不及待地抓住机会; snap up 迅速抓住, 马上接受; 抢购

【例句】The heavy snow storm snapped tree branches and power lines. 猛烈的暴风雪折断了树枝和电线。

【要点】听力考试中不要和 nap 这个词混淆, 如"打盹", 有些考生就会误写成 take a snap

overdose. 绝大多数的毒品是逐步侵害吸食者的，而不是瞬间过量致死。 overlook -v.忽略；俯瞰

【例句】

1. My ideal house is set on a rocky cliff overlooking the powerful Atlantic Ocean. 我理想中的的房子是建在一座岩石峭壁上，俯瞰着波涛汹涌的大西洋。

2. Some children go astray for the reason that they were often overlooked by their parents or at school at an early age.一些孩子步入歧途，是因为他们在很 小的时候被父母忽略，或在学校不受重视。

【同义】miss(v.错过)；ignore(v.忽视)

125- squeeze

n.榨取, 勒索 v.压榨, 挤

【同】press

【搭配】squeeze toothpaste 挤牙膏; squeeze sth. out 把··挤出来; squeeze your eyes shut 紧紧闭上眼睛

【例句】How did you squeeze so much time into one month? 你如何在一个月中挤出这么多时间？

【要点】注意本单词的拼写。

-v.挤；榨取

【搭配】squeeze toothpaste 挤牙膏；squeeze sth. out 把...挤出来；squeeze one's eyes shut 把眼睛紧紧闭上

【例句】

1. If I had a long vacation, I would spend a good part of it reading many great books that I haven't been able to squeeze any time to read.如果我有一个悠长的假期，我会把大部分时间花在阅读那些平时没时间看的书上。

2. I made the toast and squeezed orange juice every morning.我每天早上都会烤面包，榨橙汁。

【派生】 squeezer(n.压榨器；榨汁器)

【同义】crush(v.挤)；press(v.压榨)

126- stack

n.整齐的一叠（或一堆） v.把··叠成堆, 堆放于; 堆积, 堆起

【同】heap; pile

【搭配】reference stacks 书库; stack-pile wood 堆积木材

【例句】The books are stacked onto wooden pallets, in sets of four, and lifted onto a truck. 这些书四本一组被堆放在木质货盘上, 并被运到卡车上。

【要点】在图书馆场景中, 出现过stack system, stack和 stock两词读音很相似, 注 意不要写成 stock system。

n.堆 v.堆积；堆成堆

【搭配】 stack room书库；a stack of hay 一堆干草

【例句】

1. More surprising is the fact that the individual storeys of a Japanese pagoda are not actually connected to each other. They are simply stacked one on top of another like a pile of hats.更令人惊讶的是日本宝塔的每一个单独楼层间实际上都不相连。它们只是像一摞帽子一样一层层地堆叠起来。

2. Dishes are stacked up in a drying rack.盘子被堆放在一个烘干架上。

【要点】常见的短语有，a stack of“一堆；一摞”，stack up“堆积；累计；加起来”，stack gas“烟道气；烟囱废气”等。

127- stamp

p的发音尽可能弱化 n.邮票, 印花; 印章, 图章; 跺脚, 顿足; 戳记, 印记 v.跺脚, 顿足; 盖章, 盖印

【搭配】stamp tax 印花税; stamp collecting 集邮; commemorative stamp 纪念邮票 You should attach the stamp to the right corner of an envelope. 你应该把邮票贴在信封的右边。

【要点】在post office(邮局)场景中, 经常会出现一连串的相关词汇：
envelope 信封
postage 邮资
parcel 包裹（注意拼写）
registered letter 挂号信
addressee 收信人
consignee(包裹)收件人
postage paid 邮资已付

128- stitch

t不发音 n.一针, 针脚 v.缝, 缝合

【搭配】drop a stitch (织毛衣时)掉针了; stitch sth. up 把··缝合; cross stitch 十字绣; back stitch 回针/返针

【例句】Susan is stitching her old clothes. 苏珊正在缝她的旧衣服。

129- structure

n.结构, 构造; 建筑物 v.构造, 建造

【搭配】management structure 管理结构; economic structure 经济结构

【例句】This morning I'd like to tell you about the structure of the building. 今天上午, 我将介绍这栋大楼的结构。

130- stuck

a.不能动的, 被卡住的

【同】jammed

【搭配】stuck on 被·迷住, 特别喜欢; get stuck 被迷住; be stuck 被卡住; stuck in 陷入, 插入

【例句】The pictures on the wall were simply stuck on and so could easily become detached. 墙上的画只是被简单地固定住, 所以很容易摘下来。

【要点】"It's stuck. "是雅思听力中常出现的一个小短句, 意为"··被卡住了"。

131- stainless

a.无污点的; 不锈的 n.不锈钢（餐具）

【搭配】stainless steel 不锈钢

【例句】The flask is made of stainless steel which is guaranteed for 20 years. 这个保温瓶是用不锈钢做的, 保修期是二十年。

【要点】stainless一词较常出现在生活场景中, 如stainless kitchenware(不锈钢厨房 用具)。

132- stuff

n.原料, 材料, 东西 v.填满, 塞满

【同】material

【搭配】stuff with 填满, 塞满; have a stuffed nose鼻子不通气; the stuff of sth. . ·的 材料

【例句】A kind of plastic stuff is used to make the plates. 这些盘子是用一种塑料制造的。

【要点】雅思听力考试中, 注意与 staff 区分开来。

133- suburb

英式发音? ; 美式发音? n.市郊, 郊区

【同】outskirts

【例句】The suburbs are always located miles from the town centres. 郊区通常位于离市中心很远的地方。

【要点】该词经常出现在租房场景中, 用来描述地理位置。

-n.郊区

【搭配】an industrial suburb 城郊工业区；the inner suburbs 近郊

【例句】

1. To be more exact, we live in an apartment in one of the northern suburbs of the city.准确地说，我们住在城市北郊的一幢公寓楼里。

2. The hotel in Sydney's southern suburbs is the closest to Sydney Airport.这家 位于悉尼南郊的酒店是距悉尼机场最近的酒店。

【派生】 suburban(a.城郊的)；suburbanite(n.郊区居民)

134- surround

v.包围, 环绕

【同】encircle

【搭配】be surrounded by sth. 被·. 围绕; surround yourself with sth. 用. 把自己包围住

【例句】The sportsman always surrounds himself with thick clothes. 这名运动员经常用厚衣服把自己裹住。

【要点】注意在拼写时双写 r。

135- surroundings

n.周围的事物, 环境

【搭配】working surroundings工作环境

【例句】Those who could afford to live in more pleasant surroundings moved out. 那些可以负担得起在更好的环境里居住的人都搬了出去。

136- switch

n.开关, 电闸; 转换, 转变; 枝条, 鞭子 v.转换; 切断; 接通

【同】change

【搭配】switch to 转换; switch on 打开; switch off 切断

【例句】Switch off the water heater when you don't need to use it. 不使用热水器时, 请关掉它。

【要点】这个词经常出现在生活场景中, 如 switch on the water heater and fridge。

-n.开关；转换 -v.转换

【例句】

1. Switch the machine off by pressing the red button.按下红色按钮关掉机器。 2. A switch was flipped and the machine began to whirl at 300 revolutions per minute.按下开关，机器开始以每分钟300转的速度旋转。

137- transport

名词发音? ; 动词发音? 。 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.运输, 运送; 运输系统, 运载工具 v.运输, 运送, 搬运

【搭配】public transport 公共交通工具; transport costs 运费; free transportation 免费交通

【例句】A: Are you familiar with public transport system?

B: No, I am not really because I have been living in a small village.

-v.运输 -n.运输；运输工具

【搭配】public transport 公共交通工具；transport costs 运费

【例句】

1. People enjoy city life mainly for its conveniences. Firstly, the city provides fast transport leading to every corner.人们喜欢城市生活主要是因其便利。首先，城市提供了快捷交通运输，把人们送到世界各个角落。

2. Since its invention, the automobile has become one of the most important means of transport in the world. Automobiles have totally changed the lifestyles of almost all people in the world.自发明以来，汽车就成了世界上最重要的交通工具之一。汽车几乎完全改变了全世界所有人的生活方式。

3. Better integration of transport systems is highly desirable and made more feasible by modern computers.人们迫切要求运输系统高度一体化，而现代计算机使这一要求更容易实现。

138- tenant

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.承租人; 房客; 佃户

【搭配】siting tenant 老房客

【例句】The furniture was left by the former tenant. 这些家具是上个房客留下来的。

【要点】留学在外, 住宿是大事, 学生们可以选择 homestay(寄宿在当地人家中), 也可以租房子, 房屋中介一词为 house agent。

139- trim

a.整齐的, 整洁的; 装饰的 v./n.整理, 修整, 装饰

【同】tidy

【搭配】trim lawns 整齐的草坪; trim one's nails 修剪指甲; trim sth. off/away 把. 去除掉

【例句】The new regulation trimmed the number of immigrants to Britain.新法规使移民英国的人数减少了。

140- threshold

n.门槛; 入门, 开端

【搭配】be on the threshold of sth. 在. ·的开端

【例句】As you all know, the normal noise threshold for private housing is 55 decibels. 众所周知, 私人住宅的正常噪音值是55分贝。

141- traceable

a.可追踪的

【同】trackable

【搭配】traceable cost 直接费用, 追溯成本

【例句】It is a tradition that is traceable back to the 5th century. 这个传统可以追溯到5世纪。

142- urban

a.城市的

【同】civic

【搭配】urban area 城市地区; urban resident 城市居民

【例句】Living in urban areas has many disadvantages. 住在城市有很多缺点。

a.城市的

【搭配】 urban areas 城市地区；urban residents 城市居民

【例句】

1. This concentration of vehicles makes air quality in urban areas unpleasant.汽车大量集中在市区，使得这里的空气污浊不堪。

2. She examines the interplay between changing gender divisions and urban change.她研究性别差异的变化和城市变化之间的相互影响。

3. Once lovely countryside is absorbed by urban sprawl.曾经风光秀丽的乡村在城市的无规划扩展中消失了。

【同义】 metropolitan(a.大都会的)；citified(a.都市风的)；municipal(a.市政的)

【反义】rustic(a.乡村的；质朴的)；rural(a.农村的；田园的)

【派生】 urbanisation(n.城市化)

143- vegetarian

n.素食主义者

【搭配】a vegetarian restaurant 素食餐厅; on a vegetarian diet 戒荤腥, 食素

【例句】We'd better make sure there is good vegetarian food in the restaurant. 我们最好确保这家餐厅有好的素食。

【要点】这个词经常出现在就餐场景中, 如餐厅的服务生询问顾客是素食还是有忌 Are you a vegetarian or do you have any special food requirement?

-n.素食者 -a.素食的

【搭配】a vegetarian restaurant 素食餐厅

【例句】

1. She became a vegetarian when she was young and has kept a fat-free diet for over 50 years.她在年轻的时候就成了素食主义者，坚持无脂肪饮食已经50多年了。

2. Restaurants must have vegetarian dishes.餐厅必须有供素食者食用的菜肴。

【要点】vegetarian是"吃素的人"，vegan指的是"纯素主义者"，他们既不吃 也不用任何动物产品。现在备受提倡的绿色、低碳饮食方式就是bea vegetarian(做一个素食主义者)。

144- ventilation

n.空气流通; 通风设备, 通风方法

【搭配】room with good ventilation 通风良好的房间; ventilation system 通风系统

【例句】A good ventilation system is required when you choose a room. 在你选择房间的时候需要有好的通风系统。

【要点】与通风相关的词汇：
vent 通风口
vent duct 通风管道
vent pipe 通风管; 排气管
ventilator 通风器
ventilated corridor 通风的走廊
ventilated lobby 通风的门廊
- venue n.(聚集、审判、比赛)地点

【同】site

【搭配】sport venue 运动场馆; outdoor venue户外场所

【例句】The square is now a venue for leisure and tourism. 现在这个广场是一个休闲和旅游的场所。

【要点】如果雅思考试地点有变, 考试组织方就用test venue change来表示"考试地点有变"。

145- venue

146- vital

a.生死攸关的, 极其重要的; 充满生机的

【同】crucial; important

【搭配】vital to/for sth. 对··极其重要的, 对··必不可少的; at the vital moment 在关键时刻; a vital error 致命的错误; a vital decision 重要的决定

【例句】The funds are vital for the exploitation of the project. 资金对这个项目的开发来说至关重要。

a.生死攸关的；极其重要的；有生命力的

【搭配】vital to/for sth.对...极重要的；at the vital moment 在关键时刻；a vital decision 重要决定；vital statistics 重要数据

【例句】

1. Without a similar focus on parent education and on the vital importance of the first three years, some evidence indicates that it will not be enough to overcome educational inequity.一些证据显示，如果对家长自身的教育和孩子3岁前教育的重要性不同等重视，就不足以解决教育不平等的问题。

2. This means that a forest policy is vital, that it must transcend national frontiers and generations of people, and that it must allow for the inevitable changes that take place in the forests, in needs, and hence in policy.这意味着林业政策至关重要，这项政策必须超越国界和年代的限制，必须考虑到森林环境、人民需求以及国家政策不可避免的变化。

3. Having survived there for centuries, they believe their wealth of traditional knowledge is vital to the task.因为已经在那里生活了几个世纪，所以他们认为他们宝贵的传统知识对完成这项任务十分重要。

4. The Department has a vital role to play in providing information to visitors and scholars.该部门在为来访者及学者提供信息方面发挥了极为重要的作用。

-a.生死攸关的；极其重要的；有生命力的

【搭配】be vital to/for sth.对...极重要的；at the vital moment 在关键时刻；a vital decision 重要决定

【例句】

1. It is vital to define success although currently there are various criteria.虽然 目前的标准多种多样，但是定义成功的概念还是十分重要的。

2. Obviously, museums have become a vital part of our life.显然，博物馆已成 为我们生活中必不可少的一部分。

【同义】essential(a.必要的)

147- weigh

v.称重量; 认真考虑, 权衡

【搭配】weigh advantages and disadvantages 权衡利弊; weigh out 称出

【例句】Weigh out the salt in pound packages. 把盐按每包一磅称出。

【搭配】 weigh anchor 起锚；weigh one's words 斟酌字句

【例句】

1. Over time, however, world output has shifted into goods whose worth is unrelated to their size and weight.但是，随着时间的流逝，全球所生产的商品的价值渐渐失去了与商品的大小和轻重的关系。

2. The builders of Japanese pagodas seem to have further increased their weight by choosing to cover these extended eaves not with the porcelain tiles of many Chinese pagodas but with much heavier earthenware tiles.日本宝塔建造者建造宝塔不是用像中国宝塔那样的瓷砖，而是用更重的陶砖来铺盖延伸出的 屋檐，这似乎进一步增加了它们的重量。

3. They are heavy with honey and may weigh up to 90 pounds each.装满蜂蜜后，它们非常重，每一个的重量都可能达到90磅。

-v.称重；权衡；斟酌

【搭配】weigh the pros and cons 权衡利弊； weight up one's chances of success 权衡成功的可能性；weigh one's words 斟酌词句

【例句】As individuals, how do we weigh our obligations to family against our obligations to community and to our country?作为个体，我们该如何权衡我 们对家庭的义务与对社会和国家的义务呢？

148- whereabouts

副词发音; 名词发音? ad.(大概)在哪里 n.行踪, 下落

【例句】I still have no clue of his whereabouts. 我仍然对他的下落一无所知。

【要点】whereabouts作副词时, 第二个重读音节是在about中的b上。

149- ## 2-旅游休闲篇

150- aborigine

n.土著, 土著居民

【例句】The Australian aborigines have recorded both real and symbolic images of their time on rock walls for many thousands of years. 几千年来, 澳洲土著将当时的写实及象征性图像都记录在石墙上。

【要点】注意 aborigine专指"澳大利亚土著", "土著的"可以用 native 表示。

151- acclaim

v.向··欢呼, 为··喝彩 n.称赞, 欢迎

【同】praise

【搭配】win worldwide acclaim 赢得广泛的赞誉; receive great acclaim备受赞扬

【例句】There's lots to see and do including the internationally-acclaimed climbing wall built on the site of the old aquarium. 这里有很多可看和可玩的, 其中包括那个建在水族馆旧址上享誉世界的攀岩墙。

【要点】acclaimed 为形容词, 意为"受欢呼的、受赞扬的", 常以highly acclaimed, widely acclaimed, universally acclaimed等形式出现。

152- accompany

v.陪同, 伴随; 为··伴奏

【搭配】accompany training 陪练; accompany a singer 伴唱

【例句】All ages from five upwards are welcome to the club, though we do ask that children below eight years of age are accompanied by an adult. 我们欢迎所有五岁以上的人参加这个俱乐部, 尽管我们确实要八岁以下的孩子要有成人陪同。

【要点】在听力考试中, accompany 中的a的发音会很弱, 要注意和 company 区别。

-v.陪伴；与...同时存在或发生；给...伴奏

【搭配】fever accompanied with delirium 烧得说胡话

【例句】

1. He always tries his best to accompany his family members although he is very busy.虽然他很忙，但是他一直尽力陪伴家人。

2. Your enrolment form must be accompanied by the course deposit of US $100.你在交登记表的时候，还要缴纳100美元的课程押金。

3. The singer was accompanied by her elder sister at the piano.那位演唱者的姐姐用钢琴给她伴奏。

【同义】escort(v.陪同)

153- activity

n.活动; 活性, 活力

【同】action

【搭配】academic activity 学术活动; outdoor activity户外活动; outside activity 户 外活动; physical activity 体育活动

【例句】Outdoor activity not only improves children's practical ability but also theirhealth. 户外活动不仅能提高孩子们的实践能力, 还有益于他们的健康。

154- amazing

a.惊人的, 令人吃惊的

【同】surprising

【搭配】an amazing bargain 令人惊讶的交易

【例句】The wonderful video on sea lions I saw last week is amazing. 我上周看的那个精彩的海狮视频实在太棒了。

【要点】It's amazing. (太棒了。) 是英语口语中比较常见的一个小短句。

155- appreciate

-te的发音尽可能弱 v.感谢, 感激; 正确评价, 欣赏, 赏识

【同】be grateful; be thankful

【搭配】appreciate doing sth. 对某人做··表示感激

【例句】I deeply appreciate your care, but I'm fine now. 我对你的关心深表感激, 但是现在我很好。

【要点】后面接动词时只能为动词的-ing形式, 类似的词还有：admit 和 consider。

-v.欣赏；感激；领会；增值，涨价

【搭配】appreciate one's doing sth.对...表示感激 句

1. The first time I listened his songs, I think, was when I was in primary school. However, I didn't mean to appreciate his songs at that moment.我想我第一次听他的歌是在上小学的时候。但当时我并不是专门去欣赏他的歌曲。

2. Never hesitate to tell others how much you believe in them, or how much you appreciate them.要毫不犹豫地告诉别人你多么信任他们，或是多么感激他们。

156- advance

-英式发音? ; -美式发音? n.前进, 进展; 预付, 预支 v.前进, 进展; 推进, 促进; 提出; 提前

【同】move up; progress

【搭配】in advance 预先, 提前; book in advance 提前预订

【例句】The ticket can be booked 10 days in advance. 票可以提前10天预订。

【要点】在实际语境中, in advance 这个词组中的in和advance中的a经常连读, 请考生注意辨别; advance在新闻报道中还有"预发消息、预写消息"的含义。

157- adventure

n.冒险, 冒险活动; 奇遇

【搭配】spirit of adventure 冒险精神; adventure playground 儿童游乐园; adventure film 惊险片

【例句】After three years studying, I wanted adventure. 经过三年的学习, 我想去冒险。

158- agency

n.代理（处）, 代办处; 机构

【搭配】Xinhua News Agency 新华社; employment agency 职业介绍所; travel agency 旅行社

【例句】The agency has specialized in tours and independent travel to that country for over 20 years. 这个旅行社专做那个国家的旅游和自助游有二十多年了。

159- assume

v.假装; 假定, 设想; 采取, 承担, 呈现

【同】presume; think

【搭配】assume office 就职; assume an obligation 承担义务

【例句】A: You might have to wait five days or so, but I assume that'd be OK?

B: Oh yes, fine.

【要点】注意要双写 s。

-v.假定；承担；采取

【例句】

1. I assumed you would like a rabbit so I brought one for you.我猜你喜欢兔子，所以给你带了一只。

2. If the program can work for both instances of the loop, you can assume it will also work for all of them.如果程序对两个循环都能起作用，你就可以假定它对所有的循环都起作用。

160- atlas

n.地图集

【例句】Maps can be folded and put in a pocket and can provide a great store of reference when they're collected into an atlas. 收录在地图集里的地图可以折叠放在口袋里, 为你提供大量参考。

161- attract

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 v.吸引; 引起（注意或兴趣）; 引诱, 激发

【同】draw

【搭配】attract sb. 's attention 引起··注意; attract people's interest 吸引人们的兴趣

【例句】We kept the price low to attract more visitors here. 我们保持低价以吸引更多的游客到这里来。

【要点】attraction 意为"旅游景点", 也是雅思听力中出现频率较高的一个单词。

-v.吸引，有吸引力；引起

【例句】

1. Many of their lyrics are composed around the topics: to be maternal, love your life, be stronger and be broad-minded and so on. In my view, these themes are so meaningful that they attract me immediately.他们的许多歌词创作都围绕着这 些主题：母爱，热爱生活，更加坚强，思想开明，等等。我认为这些主题 很有意义，立刻就被它们吸引了。

2. Franklin Roosevelt was a hero in his day. Well known for his unprecedented years as the President of U.S., he is regarded as a savior of America. However, it is not his brilliant success that attracts me.富兰克林...罗斯福是他那 个时代的英雄。在他任职美国总统的史无前例的13年期间，他被看做美国 的救世主，这是众所周知的。但是，并不是他的辉煌成就吸引了我。

162- auditorium

n.礼堂; 观众席

【同】hall

【搭配】the school auditorium 学校礼堂

【例句】Will the audience find any difference in the auditorium? 观众们会发现这个礼堂有什么不同吗？

【要点】auditorium 的复数形式有两种：auditoriums 和 auditoria。

163- available

a.可利用的; 可得到的; 可以见到的

【同】usable

【搭配】be available to 可用于; available facilities 可用的器械

【例句】Ok, now let me give you an outline of what's available to you. 好了, 现在让我给你一个大纲, 告诉你什么是可用的。

【要点】这个词常出现在雅思考试的订房场景中, 意为"有空房间"等。如：The room upstairs is available now. 此时可以替换的词有 vacant。

-a.可获得的；可用的

【搭配】be available to 可用于；available facilities 可用器械

【例句】

1. I know that Chinese architecture is unusual in the world. This is due primarily to the types of building materials that have been available to people for many centuries.我知道中国的建筑在世界上是独特的。这主要是因为数个世纪以 来人们可以使用的建筑材料的类型。

2. When we visited Hong Kong during the winter holiday, my school teachers took us to the world-famous Hong Kong Ocean Park. It was the first time to see so many live sea animals and I got a lot of life experience which is not available in any of my textbooks.寒假期间我们游览了香港，老师带领我们参观了闻名世界的香港海洋公园。那是我第一次看到那么多海洋动物，也体验到了 很多书本上没有的生活经验。

164- avenue

n.林阴道, 大街; 途径, 手段

【同】street

【搭配】a tree-lined avenue 树木成行的街道

【例句】Lake Avenue is a perfect place for morning exercise. 湖泊大街是晨练的绝好去处。

【要点】avenue和其他词组成地名时首字母应该大写, 如 North Avenue, Lake Avenue。其中 avenue的a和前面的单词容易发生吞音现象, 请注意辨别。雅思听力中还经常出现 street, road, lane 来表示"街道、大街"。

165- backpack

n.背包

【同】knapsack

【例句】Learning about how solar technology fits onto a backpack is beyond me. 我无法理解太阳能技术是如何应用于背包的。

166- bent

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 a.被弄弯的, 弯曲的 n.爱好, 倾向; 忍耐力; 弯曲, 弯度

【同】crooked; curved; twisted

【搭配】a bent nail 弯曲的钉子; be bent on doing sth. 决定做某事

【例句】If you are buying a cot, do make sure that any metal present is not rusted or bent in any way. 在买婴儿床的时候, 无论如何要确保床的金属不能生锈或弯曲。

【要点】在听力中, 要注意区分 bent 和 bend 的读音差异。

167- bet

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.打赌, 赌注 v.赌, 打赌

【搭配】bet on 打赌; bet with sb. 和··打赌

【例句】Anyway I bet there are some things you didn't know about this election.不管怎样, 我敢说对于这次选举, 你肯定有不知道的。

【要点】You bet. 在口语中作"当然"讲。

168- bicycle

n.自行车, 脚踏车 v.骑自行车

【同】bicycle shorts→cycling shorts自行车手的短裤

【搭配】ride a bicycle 骑自行车

【例句】Today I'd like to talk to you about buying a bicycle. 今天, 我给大家讲一些与买自行车有关的事情。

【要点】几个比较常用的和自行车有关的短语：
single speed bicycle 单速自行车
mountain bike 山地车

169- brand

n.商标, 牌子; 烙印 v.铭刻于, 铭记; 打烙印于

【搭配】brand name 商标; co-branded card 联名卡; leading brand 驰名品牌; brand image 品牌形象

【例句】The scratch is small directly above the brand name of the briefcase. 划痕不大, 在公文包商标的正上方。

-n.商标；品牌；烙印 -v.打烙印于；给...加上污名

【搭配】

170- brilliant

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 a.光辉的, 灿烂的; 卓越的, 有才华的

【同】bright

【搭配】brilliant sunshine 灿烂的阳光; brilliant idea 极好的想法

【例句】She is brilliant but her work lacks originality. 她很有才华, 但工作缺乏创意。

-a.灿烂的；卓越的；聪明的

【例句】

1. J.K. Rowling is brilliant for creating an entire magic world, and she has changed a whole generation. The books depict the adventures of the adolescent wizard Harry Potter and his best friends. JK...罗琳成就卓越，她创造了一个完整的魔法世界，改变了整整一代人。这系列书描述了少年巫师哈利...波特及 其好朋友们的冒险经历。

2. Obivously, Beijing is best known for its brilliant history. It's the capital city of China, not just now, but in five dynasties in Chinese history as well.显然，北京以其辉煌的历史而闻名。它是中国的首都，不只是现在，而且是中国历史 中五个朝代的都城。

3. That's a brilliant solution to the problem.那可真是解决这个问题的聪明办法。

171- budget

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.预算 v.做预算

【搭配】budget deficit 预算赤字; cut down the budget 减少预算; plan a budget 做预算; stay within one's budget 在某人的预算之内; budget price range 预算价格范围

【例句】I am going to talk about ways of making sure you eat well while at the same time staying within budget. 我将告诉你在预算范围内吃得好的方法。

【要点】在雅思听力中, 通常 budget 前后都会出现钱数, 这时考生要注意听数字。

n.预算，预算拨款

【搭配】budget deficit 预算赤字；cut down the budget 削减预算；plan a budget做预算；on a budget 节省开支

【例句】

1. We must find ways to meet demands with fewer resources, ecological criteria and to a smaller budget.我们必须找到满足需求的方法，不但资源用量要更少，还要符合生态标准，而且预算较小。

2. I'm going to talk about ways of making sure that you eat well while at the same time staying within your budget.我将会谈到一些方法，让你在不超过预算的前提下能吃好。

【派生】 budgetary(a.预算的)

【要点】budget一词与“经济”联系比较紧密，无论是国家、企业还是个人，一说到经济情况，都可能会涉及到budget(预算)。它可作名词，表示“预算”；也可以作动词，表示“做预算”，常用的【搭配】为budget for sth.,即“为...做预算”；还可作形容词，表示“经济的，实惠的”，如a budget meal“实惠的饭菜”。

172- camp

n.野营, 露营; 帐篷; 营地 v.设营, 宿营

【搭配】camping equipment 野营用品; refugee camp 难民营

【例句】Last week we talked about buying camping equipment. 上周, 我们谈了购买野营装置的事。

【要点】在某地露营可以用 camp on.. 来表示, 如 camp on the site 就是"在此地野营"。

173- capture

v.捕获, 俘获; 引起（注意）, 迷住

【同】arrest; seize

【搭配】passive capture 被动袭击

【例句】The beautiful vision is captured through photographs, postcards and films. 这一美丽的景象通过照片、明信片和电影被捕捉下来。

-v.捕获，俘获；引起

【例句】

1. This makes it easier to spot ants and to capture them before they can escape into the surrounding leaf litter.这样更容易识别蚂蚁，在它们逃进附近的落叶层之前，及时抓获它们。

2. They farm fungi, raise aphids as livestock, launch armies to war, use chemical sprays to alarm and confuse enemies, capture slaves, engage in child labour, and exchange information ceaselessly.它们种植菌类，把蚜虫当作家畜来喂养，组建军队发起战争，用化学喷雾来警告和迷惑敌人，俘虏奴隶，繁殖后 代，不停地交换信息。 这一美景被捕捉到照片、明信片和电影上。

-v.捕获，俘获；引起（注意）

【例句】

1. According to the ancient saying, ghost month is the most horrible time of the year, and vicious spirits are out to capture souls.据远古的说法，鬼月是一年中最可怕的时节,邪恶的鬼魂会出来捕获灵魂。

2. The beautiful vision is captured through photographs, postcards and films.这一美丽的景象被照片、明信片和电影捕捉下来。

174- character

n.性格, 品质; 特性, 特征; 人物, 角色; 字符, (汉)字

【同】nature; personality; role

【搭配】character trait 性格特征; character flaw 性格缺陷; cartoon characters 卡通人物

【例句】There were many people watching the movie and actually fainting when the character fired a gun at the camera. 有很多人观看那部电影, 当剧中人物真的朝着摄像机开枪的时候, 很多人都晕过去了。

【要点】personal character(个人性格)有很多种, 在这里列出几个在雅思考试中较为常见的：
ambitious 有野心的
capable 有能力的
creative 有创造力的
devoted 有奉献精神的
humble 谦恭的
generous 慷慨的

175- charge

n.费用; 掌管; 电荷 v.要价, 收费; 控告; 充电

【同】cost; fee; price

【搭配】take charge of 担任, 负责; in charge(of)负责, 主管; no charge 免费; free of charge 免费; extra charge 额外的费用

【例句】A: How much does the course cost?

B: It's actually free of charge. The only thing you have to pay for is the test at the end of the course which costs 28 pounds.

【要点】charge out经常出现在图书馆场景中, 意为"把··借出来"。

176- climate

n.气候; 风气, 社会思潮

【同】weather

【搭配】economic climate 经济环境, 经济气候; climate change 气候变化

【例句】The climate here doesn't agree with me. 这里的气候不适合我。

n.气候；风气，思潮

【搭配】dry climate 干旱的气候；ice climate 冰雪气候；city climate 城市气侯；arid climate 干燥的气候

【例句】

1. Newman points out the success of public transport in both Toronto and Singapore and, in fact, he has checked the use of cars against climate and found“zero correlation”.纽曼指出公共交通在多伦多和新加坡的成功。事实上，他已考查过了汽车使用对气候的影响，并发现了“零相关”。

2. The price of sudden climate change, in famine, disease and suffering, was often high.在饥荒、疾病和苦难中，气候突变的代价往往是很高的。

3. Farmed ostriches don't need African climates.人工饲养的鸵鸟并不需要非洲的气候条件。

【派生】climatic(a.气候的)；climatically(ad.气候上)

177- coach

n.教练, 指导; 长途公共汽车; 客车车厢 v.训练; 指导

【搭配】coach sb. in/for sth. 训练某人做某事; on a coach乘长途客车

【例句】This allows 15 minutes to get on and off the coach, 45 minutes for the guided tour and 30 minutes for after -tour activities. 有15分钟可以用来上下车, 45分钟可以用来完成计划好的旅游行程, 还有30分钟用于旅游之后的活动。

178- cost

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.成本, 费用; 代价 v.价值为, 花费

【同】fare; toll

【搭配】at al costs 不惜任何代价, 无论如何; at the cost of以. ·为代价; living cost生活费; repair cost 修理费

【例句】The cost of transport and phone calls was beyond the budget last month. 上个月的交通费和电话费超出了预算。

【要点】It will cost you. 表示"··会非常贵"。

179- credit

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.信贷; 信用; 荣誉; 学分 v.相信, 信任; 归功于

【同】buy sth. on credit→put sth. on the slate 赊购

【搭配】give credit for sth. 因·. 而称赞某人; credit card 信用卡

【例句】A: Can I pay by credit card?

B: Sorry, we only accept cash.

【要点】考试中还可能会涉及 credit card 的号码, 这就需要考生迅速作出反应并记下数字。

180- commodity

英式发音? ; 美式发音? n.商品, 物品

【搭配】commodity economy 商品经济; a commodities fair 商品交易会; commodity price 商品价格; agricultural commodities 农业产品; commodity inspection 商品检查

【例句】The airlines are now treating their seats like a commodity. 现在航空公司把他们的座位视为一种商品。

-n.商品，货物

【搭配】commodity economy 商品经济；a commodity fair 商品交易会； commodity price 商品价格；agricultural commodities 农产品； commodity inspection 商品检查

【例句】

1. They make the commodities popular by cheating most consumers. And also there are some commodities which do harm to the health of consumers and to the society.他们通过欺骗广大消费者来使商品大受欢迎，还有一些商品给消费 者的健康和社会都造成了伤害。

2. All in all, advertisements give us convenience to choose the commodities that can meet our needs.总之，广告为我们选择符合需求的商品提供了便利。

3. Some people think commodities that are popular among consumers reflect the power of advertisement rather than the real needs of people.有些人认为，受消费者欢迎的商品反映的是广告的作用，而不是人们的真正需求。

4. Nowadays, the airlines are treating their seats like a commodity.现在，航空公司把客机的席位当做商品(进行出售)。

【同义】goods(n.货物)

181- convenient

a.便利的, 方便的

【搭配】be convenient for 对··来说很方便; be convenient to do 方便做.

【例句】The house is cheap and convenient. 这栋房子价格便宜且交通方便。

【要点】be conveniently situated 可以用来形容房子地理位置很好, 很方便。

-a.方便的

【搭配】be convenient for 对...来说很方便；be convenient to do 方便做...

【例句】

1. If I can speak Arabic, it will be convenient for me to travel there. But I can't find the person who teaches Arabic in our city.如果我会说阿拉伯语，我去那里旅游就很方便了。但在我们的城市我无法找到教阿拉伯语的人。

2. Cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of personal transport. 作为一种灵活、便捷的个人交通工具，汽车轻松超越了火车和公共汽车。

【派生】conveniently(ad.方便地)

182- deliver

v.交付, 递送; 发表, 表达; 释放; 接生

【搭配】deliver a speech 发表演讲; deliver a judgement 发表判决

【例句】The President delivered a televised speech to the whole nation on October 1st. 主席在10月1日向全国发表了电视讲话。

-v.交付；发表；递送；给予（打击）

【搭配】deliver a speech 发表演讲；deliver a judgement 发表判决

【例句】

1. Acts of kindness, however small it is, deliver as much pleasure to the giver as to the gainer.善行，无论大小，都能给接受者和施予者带来同样的快乐。

2. Children trust their parents, which means that they count on them, depend on them and expect them to deliver over their property.孩子信任父母，意味着他 们指望父母、依赖父母，并期望父母能够为他们提供物质保障。

【同义】convey(v.传送)

183- density

n.密集; 密度; 浓度

【搭配】population density人口密度; the density of settlement 社区密度

【例句】Houses next to the highway or the airport require high density. 建在高速公路或机场周围的房子对密度要求很高。

n.密集；密度

【例句】

1. CETP normally transfers the cholesterol from high-density lipoproteins to low density, plaque-promoting ones.胆固醇酯转移蛋白一般会将胆固醇由高密度脂蛋白转化成促使斑块形成的低密度脂蛋白。

2. Newman notes that Portland had about the same population as Perth and had a similar population density at the time.纽曼注意到，在同一时间段，波特兰与佩斯的人口数量相当，密度也差不多。

3. The house has some high density insulation materials in the roof.这座房子的屋顶采用了高密度绝缘材料。

【要点】density指密度，concentration指浓度，在雅思阅读中，这两个词经常出现在有关生化实验的科技类文章中。---

184- depict

v.描绘; 描述

【同】describe; picture; represent

【例句】The photographs depicted vivid scenes of a country life. 这些照片描绘出栩栩如生的乡村生活。

v.描绘；描述

【例句】

1. To look for these answers, I made raised-line drawings of five different wheels, depicting spokes with lines that curved, bent, waved, dashed and extended beyond the perimeter of the wheel.为了找到这些答案，我创建了五个不同的轮子的凸起线条素描，用不同的线条表示轮辐：弯曲的、弯形的、波浪形的、虚线和延伸到轮子周长之外的。

2. The photographs depicted vivid scenes of a campo's life.这些照片描绘出栩栩如生的草原生活。

【同义】 describe(v.描写，描述)；represent(v.表现，描绘)；picture(v.画，描绘)

-v.描绘；描述

【例句】

1. The one I want to depict is Hangzhou, which is one of the most beautiful cities in China. I don't know whether you have been there before. It is a place really worth going.我想描述的是杭州，它是中国最美丽的城市之一。我不知道你 是否去过那里，那是一个真正值得一去的地方。

2. The photographs depict vivid scenes of rural life.这些照片描绘出栩栩如生的田园生活。

【同义】describe(v.描写，描述)；represent(v.表现，描绘)

185- decorate

v.装饰, 装潢, 布置; 授勋

【例句】The bedroom has been decorated in pink and blue. 卧室被装饰成了粉色和蓝色。

-v.装饰，点缀

【例句】

1. The walls of the newly-built apartment were decorated with photographs of peaceful countryside.新建公寓的墙壁上装饰着宁静乡村的图片。

2. Each of us was to decorate a "mailbox" and put it on our desk for others to give us cards. 我们每个人都要装饰一个"信箱"，然后把它放在书桌上，这样别人就可以给我们投放贺卡。

186- decoration

n.装饰, 装潢; 装饰品

【同】ornament

【搭配】decoration balloons 装饰气球; for decoration 用于装饰

【例句】The restaurant will offer decoration balloons. 餐厅会提供装饰气球。

187- delegate

名词发音? ; 动词发音? n.代表, 代表团成员 v.委派代表; 授权给, 委托给

【同】representative

【搭配】delegate sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事

【例句】We do have a few rooms available for delegates at the conference centre if you'd like. 如果你们愿意的话, 在会议中心还有一些为代表们准备的房间可以用。

【要点】一些和 delegate 相关的词语：
member 成员
life member 终生成员
head of delegation 代表团团长
permanent delegate 常驻代表
member as of right 法定代表

188- destination

n.目的地, 终点

【搭配】tourist destination 旅游目的地

【例句】We should select a tourist destination about two hours drive from this city. 我们应该选一个离这座城市约两小时车程的旅游目的地。

【要点】到达destination的方法有很多种, 这里介绍几个在雅思听力场景中经常出现的：
economy class 经济舱
limousine 大巴
business class 商务舱
airport limousine 机场大巴
first class 头等舱
pullman 卧铺车

-n.目的地，终点；目标

【例句】

1. When I arrived at the destination, the hotel was still not ready for me to check in and we wasted another 2 hours.当我到达目的地时，酒店还没有做好准备让我登记入住，于是又浪费了两个小时。

2. I shared my car with Tom as we had the same destination.我让汤姆坐我的车，因为我们的目的地相同。

189- detach

v.分开, 拆开

【同】remove; take off

【搭配】detach from从··分离; 拆下; semi-detached 半独立的

【例句】Don't detach the devices from the desktop. 不要把这些装置从桌面上卸下去。

【要点】semi-detached house(独立式住宅), duplex house(双户住宅), apartment building(公寓楼)和terraced house(排屋)等是留学生们常住的房屋类型。

190- direct

a./ad.径直的/地, 直接的/地 v.管理, 指导; 指向, 针对

【同】straight

【搭配】direct result 直接结果; direct flight 直航

【例句】I'l give you his direct line number. 我会给你他的直播号码。

191- discount

名词发音? ; 动词发音? ; 注意两个发音的重音位置不同n.折扣 v.打折

【同】special offer

【搭配】make a discount 打折; discount store 廉价商店; at a discount 打折; 不受 重视; discount ticket打折券

【例句】You can get various discounted tickets. 你可以得到各种优惠券。

-n.折扣 -v.减价出售；低估

【搭配】on discount 打折；discount shop 折扣店

【例句】

1. Discount prices attract a lot of women to go shopping.折扣价吸引了许多女性去逛街。

2. I often go to discount shops to buy some off-season brand clothes.我经常去折扣店买一些过季的大牌服装。

192- display

v./n.陈列, 展览, 显示

【同】exhibition; show

【搭配】on display 展示, 陈列

【例句】The artworks on display this weekend were very impressive. 这周末展出的那些艺术品给人留下了非常深刻的印象。

【要点】商店的橱窗展示了哪种新款服饰就可以用这个词来表示, 如The shop windows display...

-n./v.陈列，显示

【例句】

1. The temple was set up at the birth place of Xuan Zang. It displays his clothes, his Buddhist books which were brought from India, and his translation works.寺庙建在玄奘出生的地方。庙中陈列着他的衣服、他从印度带回来的佛教经 书，以及他的翻译作品。

2. Windows display postcards and greeting cards designed by women artists forChristmas.橱窗陈列着女艺术家为圣诞节设计的明信片和贺卡。

193- distance

n.距离; 远方; 路程

【同】far

【搭配】in the distance 在远处; distance learning 远程教育; cover a distance of跨过某个距离; long-distance flight长途飞行

【例句】Most delegates have travelled a long distance to attend the conference. 大多数与会代表不远万里来参加这个会议。

【要点】distance 一词还可作动词, distance yourself from sth. 含义为"使你自己远离 某事"。

194- documentary

n.纪录片

【搭配】documentary film 纪录片

【例句】A television documentary on youth unemployment has been released. 关于青年人失业的电视纪录片已经发行了。

【要点】相关词组：
cartoon movie 动画片
action movie 动作片
horror movie 恐怖片
comedy movie 喜剧片
tragedy movie 灾难片
musical movie 音乐剧

-a.文件的；纪实的 -n.纪录片

【搭配】documentary evidence 书面证据；documentary films 纪录片；a documentary on drug abuse 关于滥用毒品的纪录片

【例句】

1. It provides documentaries focused primarily on popular science, technology,and history. 它主要播放有关大众科学、技术以及历史的纪录片。

2. It is not science fiction but a documentary on real life events and happenings.它不是科幻片，而是有关现实生活的纪录片。

195- entertain

v.招待, 款待; 娱乐

【搭配】entertain sb. with sth. 用·. 娱乐/款待某人

【例句】The spectators go to watch sport to be entertained rather than out of loyalty to a team. 观众出于娱乐目的去看比赛而不是因为忠于某支队伍。

196- diversion

n.转向, 转移

【搭配】create a diversion 转移别人的注意力

【例句】Many water diversion projects are harmful to the fish population.很多水系改道工程会危及鱼群。

【要点】traffic diversion(交通改道)是英式英语中比较常用的一种表达。

197- entertainment

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.招待, 款待; 消遣; 娱乐

【搭配】the entertainment industry 娱乐产业

【例句】The use of some entertainment can be addictive. 参与一些娱乐项目是会上瘾的。

【要点】recreation 和 entertainment都有"娱乐"的意思, 但是两个词的侧重点不同 recreation 侧重自身的放松和消遣, 如游泳、健身等; 而 entertainment 侧重别人的款待使自己得到娱乐。

-n.娱乐；消遣；款待

【搭配】the entertainment industry 娱乐产业

【例句】

1. In fact, it is a quite comprehensive newspaper. Apart from the sections on sport, science and technology, and business, it also has a whole page for an entertainment section, which provides us with the latest news about fashion, campus life, forum and so on.实际上，这是一份非常全面的报纸。除了那些诸如体育、科技、商业的板块之外，它还包括了一整页的娱乐部分，可以 为我们提供有关时尚、校园生活、论坛等方面的最新消息。

2. I know the different characters really well, some I love, and some I hate. I find that some of the plots are silly and over dramatic, but they are relaxing entertainment, as one has no difficulty following the stories.目前我对不同的人物已经很熟悉了，其中一些是我喜爱的，一些是我憎恨的。我发现一些情 节愚蠢且过于戏剧化，但它们又是轻松的娱乐内容，因为人们很容易读懂 这些故事。

198- excursion

n.短途旅行, 游览

【同】trip

【搭配】Saturday excursion 周六短途旅行

【例句】The special excursion tickets include entrance fees. 特殊游览票包含入场费。

n.短途旅行

【搭配】 Saturday excursion 周六短途旅行

【例句】

1. Despite the setback, the two astronauts will make their second spacewalk as planned. During their excursion, they will help rewire the ISS so that the station will have enough electrical power to add energy-intensive components, such as future laboratories.尽管有挫折，两名宇航员还是会按计划进行他们的第二次太空漫步。在他们的短途太空旅行中，他们将会给国际空间站换新电线，使空间站有足够的电力增加能源密集的组件，如未来的实验室。

2. We went on an excursion to the county.我们去这个县做短途旅行。

199- expedition

n.远征（队）, 探险（队）

【搭配】on an expedition to 去. . 探险

【例句】Expedition of four men made their dream come true over 96 days of the spring and summer. 经过春夏共96天, 四个人组成的探险队最终实现了他们的梦想。

n.旅行，远征；探险队；迅速

【搭配】 on an expedition to 去....探险；the Eight-Power Allied Expedition 八国联 军；go/start on an expedition 去远征（探险，考察）

【例句】

1. In honor of his former commander, Vancouver's new ship was also christened Discovery. George Dixon sailed on his third expedition, and later commanded an expedition of his own.为了纪念前任船长，温哥华的新船仍然命名为“发现号”。乔治...迪克森开始了他的第三次探险航行，后来他领导了自己的一只探险队。

2. They were of enormous scientific value to British botanists. Cook's second expedition included the artist William Hodges, who produced notable landscape paintings of Tahiti, and other locations.它们对于英国植物学家有极大的科学价值。库克的第二次探险队包括艺术家威廉姆...贺治，威廉姆创作出了著名的大溪地风景画和其他地方的风景画。

3. I talked to Charles Owen, the leader of the expedition group, about the trip.我和探险队的队长查理...欧文，谈了关于旅行的事。

200- expense

n.花费, 消费; 消耗

【搭配】at the expense of 以··为代价; 由··付费; public expense公共开支; fixed expenses 固定花费; optional expense 选择性支出; miscellaneous expenses 杂费

【例句】I am sure you are concerned about expenses such as books and uniform when your child starts studying. 我敢肯定, 当你的孩子开始上学时, 你会关心书本、制服等花费。

【要点】除了 expense, 还有一些词汇可以表示"花销、费用"：
charge: 常用复数, 用来表示一次性收取的费用, 如旅馆费、行李托运费
tuition: 学生上学所交的学费
admission: 入场费
toll: 港口、高速公路、市场的通行费以及电话费等
tip: 别人为你服务时你所付的小费

201- eye-opener

n.令人大开眼界的东西

【例句】Travelling around the world was a really fantastic eye-opener for me. 对我来说, 周游世界真的是一件让人大开眼界的事情。

202- fancy

a.奇特的; 想象的; 精选的 n.爱好; 幻想; 想象力 v.想象, 幻想

【搭配】have a fancy for 喜欢, 想要; take a fancy to 喜欢; fancy dress party 化装舞会; fancy price贵得离谱的价格

【例句】My husband will take me to a fancy restaurant for my birthday. 我丈夫会在我生日带我去一个特别的餐厅。

【要点】一些常出现在fancy dress ball(化装舞会)情境中的表达：
masked ball 化装舞会
face mask 面具
half face mask 半截面具
costume 服装
carnival 狂欢节
paper streamer 纸带, 彩带
- fascinate v.迷住, 强烈吸引

【同】interest

【搭配】be fascinated by 被··迷住

【例句】The idea of travelling to the ancient city fascinates us. 去那个古城旅游的想法吸引了我们。

【要点】注意本词的拼写。

-n.设想；爱好 -v.想象；喜好 -a.别致的

【例句】

1. Maureen tiptoed around the room in her fancy shoes.莫林穿上她那双精致的 鞋，踮着脚尖在房间里走来走去。

2. As we now live in a competitive society, it is not easy to find a job we really fancy. However, I believe that the dream of being a teacher will be finally fulfilled through my continued hard work.由于我们现在生活在一个充满竞争 的社会，要找到一份真正喜欢的工作并不容易。然而，我相信通过不断的 努力，我成为一名教师的梦想最终会实现的。

203- fascinate

-v.强烈地吸引，（使）着迷

【例句】

1. The Sports part has all the inside news you long for about the sports people who fascinate you.体育部分有你渴望知道的、令你着迷的体育名人的全部 内幕消息。

2. The very style of the old house fascinates.这一古建筑的风格本身就令人着迷。

204- fascinating

a.迷人的, 有极大吸引力的

【同】attracting; interesting

【搭配】find sth. fascinating 发现··吸引人

【例句】Tourists will find the new park just as fascinating as any theme park. 游客会发现这个新公园像任何主题公园一样吸引人。

a.迷人的；吸引人的

【搭配】 find sth. fascinating 发现...吸引人

【例句】

1. But if you find a fascinating passage in a novel or a book of history, there is no standardised way to link it, which means that the rest of the web cannot benefit from your discovery.但假如你在一本小说或历史书籍上发现了精彩段落，你却没有任何规范化的方法可以链接到它上面，也就是说，网络上的其他人无法从你的发现中获益。

2. The museum has a fascinating collection of Celtic artifacts.该博物馆收藏了极吸引人的凯尔特文化遗物。

【要点】 常见的和fascinating【同义】的表达有attractive,killing, absorbing和engaging等。其动词形式fascinate所表达的含义是“使着迷，使神魂颠倒”，常用的短语是be fascinated with/by“对...着迷”，比如，He was fascinated by her beauty.含义是“他被她的美貌所吸引”。

205- feature

n.特征, 特色; 特写 v.以·为特色

【同】attribute; quality

【搭配】distinguishing feature 显著特色

【例句】The distinguished feature of the guy is the scar on his chin.这个家伙的明显特征是他下巴上的疤痕。

【要点】雅思听力中可能会提到某人的特点。描述人的外貌特点的词有：
scar 疤痕
plump 丰满的
slim 苗条的
plain 长相一般的
tubby 矮胖的
muscular 强壮的
wrinkle 皱纹
dimple 酒窝
pimple 粉刺
mole 痣

-n.特征；相貌；特写 -v.给...以显著地位；以...为特色

【搭配】distinguishing feature 显著特色

【例句】

1. The magazine features its latest news and reviews on movies, TV and music.该杂志以电影、电视和音乐的最新资讯和评论为特色。

2. The shop near my university where I often go is called Kawayi which means "lovely"in English. It is not a big one but has very special features.我常去学校附近的一家名叫Kawayi的商店，英语的意思是"可爱"。店虽小但却别具 特色。

3. Asymmetry is a common feature of the human body.不对称是人体的一个普遍特征。

206- fertile

英式发音? ; 美式发音? 。 a.肥沃的, 富饶的; 能繁殖的

【同】rich

【搭配】fertile land/fields/soil 肥沃的土地; fertile eggs 受精卵

【例句】The east was flatter and more low-lying, with fertile soils and a mixed climate. 东部比较平坦, 地势较低, 而且土壤肥沃、四季分明。

【要点】雅思听力过程中注意与 futile(琐碎的; 无用的)区别。

a.肥沃的；多产的

【搭配】 fertile land/fields/soil 肥沃的土地；fertile eggs 受精卵

【例句】

1. These low mountains are cut by some valleys that sort of run east-west; you will see the Valley of Jezreel, a particularly fertile valley.那些矮小的山丘被东西走向的山谷截断，你会看到耶斯列山谷，它是一个富饶肥沃的山谷。

2. The east of this region is flatter and more low-lying, with fertile soils.这一地区的东部土壤肥沃，地势较为平坦且海拔较低。

207- festival

n.节日; 庆祝, 纪念活动; 欢乐

【搭配】film festival 电影节; musical festival 音乐节

【例句】Christmas is the most important festival in the west countries. 在西方国家, 圣诞节是最重要的节日。

【要点】西方较重大的节日：
元旦：New Year's Day, 1月1日
情人节：Valentine's Day, 2月14日
愚人节：April Fool's Day, 4月1日
母亲节：Mother's Day, 5月的第2个星期日
父亲节：Father's Day, 6月的第3个星期日
万圣节：Hallowmas, 11月1日
感恩节：Thanksgiving Day, 11月第4个星期四
复活节：Easter, 春分月圆后的第1个星期日

208- fire

n.火; 热情, 激情 v.开火; 射击; 点火; 着火

【同】shoot

【搭配】catch fire 着火; set fire to 点燃; on fire 烧着; fire away 连续提问

【例句】The police fired at the kidnapper. 警方向绑匪开火。

【要点】fire有多种含义, 如sb. is under fire 表示"某人正在遭受攻击"; 另外, fire还有"解雇"的意思。fire away指"连续提问", 考生可能不熟悉, 但在口语中经常用到。

209- gamble

m的读音尽量弱化 n./v.投机, 冒险; 赌博

【同】bet

【搭配】gamble away 赌博输掉; 投机, 冒险; a gambling house 赌场; gamble in stocks 股票投机

【例句】The inspectors should not gamble with people's lives. 生命冒险。

【要点】gamble一词经常出现在关于犯罪等方面的内容中, 这里介绍其他几种比较常见的犯罪名称：
arson 纵火
organised crime 团伙犯罪
break-in 非法闯入
burglary 入室盗窃
tax evasion 逃税
child abuse 虐待儿童
pickpocket 扒手

210- gloss

英式发音? 美式发音? n.光泽; 假象; 注释 v.使光彩; 掩盖; 注释

【同】lustre; shine

【要点】注意英音和美音的发音区别

【搭配】polish/shine to a gloss 磨得/闪得发亮

【例句】The kitchen ware can be polished to a gloss. 那些厨房用具可以擦得闪闪发亮。

211- guarantee

n.保证, 保证书 v.保证, 担保

【同】assure; promise

【搭配】guarantee sb. sth. 向某人保证某事

【例句】The young boy cannot guarantee to work for more than five years. 那位年轻的男孩不能保证会工作五年以上。

【要点】注意本词的拼写。

212- flexibility

n.柔韧, 弹性; 柔顺, 温顺; 灵活性

【搭配】flexibility of mind头脑的灵活性

【例句】Most students expect flexibility on the campus. 大多数学生都期望在大学校园能很自由。

【要点】注意拼写过程中不要忘记 x 后面的 i。flexibility 会在涉及工作管理的材料里出现, 指"工作的弹性"。

n.韧性；适应性

【搭配】 flexibility of mind头脑的灵活性

【例句】

1. A multi-skilled workforce provides far greater management flexibility during peak and quiet times to transfer employees to needed positions.多技能的劳动力能大大增强管理灵活性，在繁忙时和清闲时把员工调动到需要的岗位上。

2. PE teachers help the development of co-ordination, balance, posture, and flexibility with things like simple catching and throwing skills.体育老师利用简单的技巧，比如抓取和投掷，来帮助提高协调性、平衡度以及改善体态和柔韧性。

-n.韧性；灵活性；适应性

【搭配】flexibility of mind 头脑的灵活性

【例句】

1. Breaking through the traditional mode, with 400 seats which can be turned up and down, the Multipurpose Hall can achieve the flexibility of space arrangement according to specific requirements.多功能大厅突破了传统模式，拥有400个 能上下移动的座位，可以根据特定的需求实现灵活的空间安排。

2. PE teachers help the students' development of co-ordination, balance, posture, and flexibility with simple catching and throwing skills.体育老师利用抓取和 投掷这样的简单技巧来帮助学生提高协调性、平衡力，以及改善体态和柔 韧性。

213- guide

n.领路人; 指南, 导游 v.为··领路; 指导, 引导

【例句】The guide wil take you around the national park near the hotel. 导游将带你去宾馆附近的国家公园参观。

214- historic

a.有历史意义的; 历史的

【搭配】historic moment 历史性的时刻

【例句】There are a number of historic ships docked in the harbour. 这个港湾停泊了很多 古船。

-a.有历史意义的；历史上著名的

【例句】As many people know, China is an old country owning a lot of historic places in almost every city.很多人都知道，中国是一个古老的国家，几乎每个城市都 拥有很多历史名胜。

【派生】historical(a.历史的；历史事件的)

215- hobby

n.业余爱好, 嗜好, 兴趣

【同】interest; pastime

【例句】The long holiday gave me the time to pursue my hobbies. 长假使得我有时间去从事业余爱好。

【要点】个人爱好也是雅思听力常考的, 因此注意hobby后面的内容。常见的个人爱好有：
theatre 戏剧
badminton 羽毛球
reading 阅读
go to the movies 看电影
handball 手球
tennis 网球

216- hostel

n.青年招待所; 学生宿舍

【搭配】student hostel 学生宿舍; youth hostel 青年旅舍

【例句】I lived in a kind of student hostel when I first arrived at the city. 我第一次来这个城市时住在一个类似于学生宿舍的地方。

【要点】注意和hotel在词义、发音和拼写上的区别。

217- impression

-在实际语境中, i容易和前面的辅音发生连读 n.印象, 感想; 印记, 压痕

【搭配】first impression 第一印象

【例句】Could you tell us something about your first impression of the town when you arrived? 你能告诉我们当你到达这个小镇的时候, 你的第一印象是什么吗？

【要点】impression 也是一个比较常用的出版词汇, 其他有关出版的说法有：
the first impression 第一次印刷
the second impression 第二次印刷
the first edition 初版
the second edition 再版
- impressive a.给人深刻印象的; 感人的; 威严的

【同】imposing; outstanding

【搭配】most impressive place给人印象最深的地方

【例句】I think this report is especially impressive. 我认为这个报告尤其令人印象深刻。

218- induce

英式发音? 美式发音? v.引诱, 劝使; 引起, 导致; 感应

【同】cause; lead; motivate

【搭配】induce sb. to do sth. 引诱某人做某事; a drug-induced coma 药物引起的昏迷

【例句】Nothing would induce me to change my idea. 任何事都不能使我改变主意。

-v.诱导；引诱；引起；感应

【例句】

1. For example, some species of birds' breeding can be induced even in 198 midwinter simply by increasing day length artificially.例如，即便在冬至期 间，只要人工增加白昼的时间就能诱使一些鸟类进行繁殖。

2. The instabilities in the solar plasma would induce localised oscillations in temperature.太阳等离子体的不稳定会引起温度的局部振荡。

【派生】inducement(n.引诱，贿赂)；inducible(a.可诱导的)

【要点】 induce,tempt,lure和allure都有“引诱”的意思。induce常指用讲道理的方 式或用某种影响去说服或促使某人做某事；tempt指被具有强大吸引力的 事物诱惑，作褒义词时，指让某人对某事产生兴趣等，用作贬义时指诱惑 某人做违背良心的事；lure指用计谋或利用他人的某种心理来诱惑其做某 事；allure强调用一些美好或让人激动、欣喜的事物吸引或诱惑某人，语气 比lure强。

219- landmark

n.路标, 地标; 里程碑

【搭配】landmark decision 里程碑式的决定

【例句】The tower in the city is a well-known landmark. 这个城市中的塔是非常出名的地标。

-n.路标，地标；里程碑

【搭配】landmark decision 里程碑式的决定

【例句】

1. The Sydney Opera House, which is regarded as the mother and father of all modern landmark buildings, has come to define not only a city, but also an entire nation and continent.悉尼歌剧院被看做现代地标式建筑的鼻祖，它不仅代表了一座城市,也代表了整个国家和整个洲。

2. In fact, I'd just like to take a few minutes to point out some of the landmarks that can be seen from here.事实上，我只想花几分钟标出从这里能看到的一些地标。

220- launch

n.发射; 下水; （新产品的）发行, 投放市场 v.发射; 使下水; 发动, 发起

【搭配】launch into sth. 勇于采取某行动; launch an attack 发动攻击; launch pad发射台

【例句】The police plan to launch an investigation into the case. 警方计划对这一案件进行调查。

v.推出（产品）；发射 n.发射；（新产品）投产

【搭配】 launch an attack 发动攻击

【例句】

1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.英国科学家准备采取全新的方法进行抗癌实验，该实验通过让肿瘤感染如普通感冒等病毒，从而将癌细胞杀死。

2. They set about developing a new model, which was launched in June 1888.他们着手研发新的样式，于1888年6月推出。

【同义】initiate, start(v.开始)

221- impressive

a.给人以深刻印象的

【例句】 However, the results were sometimes not that impressive as the behavior of the rockets in flight was less than predictable.然而，结果有时不那么尽如人意，因为飞行中的火箭难以预测。

-a.感人的；令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的

【例句】

1. The most impressive thing about my mother as a teacher is how much knowledge she has. She read tons of books in her college years and has never stopped reading through her life.我母亲作为老师最令人钦佩的是她的学识，她在大学时读了大量书籍，而且她一生都不曾停止过读书。

2. The student with an impressive academic performance was in the same class with me. We were desk mates for a whole semester.那个成绩非常好的学生和我是一个班的,我们做了一整个学期的同桌。

222- intrigue

v.激起·的好奇心（或兴趣）

【同】fascinate

【搭配】be intrigued by 被激起好奇心

【例句】What his grandpa told about the mysterious adventure last week intrigued littleTommy a lot. 上周爷爷跟小汤米说的关于神秘探险的事情激起了他的好奇心。

-n.阴谋 -v.搞阴谋诡计；激起...的兴趣

【搭配】intrigue with sb. against sb.与某人串通对付.....；intrigue sb.with an exciting story 以使人兴奋的故事引起某人的兴趣

【例句】

1. Generally, I like to read a storyline that is full of intrigue and suspense.大体 上，我喜欢读充满阴谋和悬念的故事情节。

2. The TV series tells political intrigue at the court of an emperor in ancient China.这部电视剧讲述的是发生在中国古代某个皇帝的宫廷里的政治阴谋。

【同义】attract(v.吸引)；captivate(v.迷住)；appeal(v.有吸引力)；plot(v. 密谋)

223- indigenous

a.本土的

【同】native

【搭配】indigenous technique 本地技术; indigenous method 土办法; indigenous value 固有的价值

【例句】There is no doubt that the koala is indigenous to Australia. 毫无疑问, 考拉是澳大利亚本土动物。

224- market

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.市场; 行情; 销路; 集市 v.销售, 营销

【搭配】market research市场调查; stock market 股票市场; free market 自由市场

【例句】We really need to get working on this marketing assignment. 我们真的要开始这个市场营销的任务了。

【要点】market作动词"销售, 营销"时常用market sth. as, 如：The washing machine was marketed as safe for the environment. (洗衣机因其不破坏环境而被推销)。

225- marvelous

n.令人惊异的; 了不起的; 非凡的; 不平常的

【同】fantastic; terrific; wonderful

【例句】We'll come to a gallery where we've got a marvelous collection of paintings all by Australian artists. 接下来我们会来到一家画廊, 这里有绝好的画作收藏, 它们全都是由澳大利亚画家完成的。

-a.了不起的，非凡的，令人惊异的

【例句】

1. My impression of Yunnan was a quiet city with marvelous natural scenery, but basically I was shocked by the huge number of tourists.我对云南的印象是 一座有着美丽自然风景的安静城市；但是实际上，那里众多的游客使我 惊呆了。

2. The film captured the image of a truck transforming into a twenty-foot tall

226- lifestyle

n.生活方式

【同】way of life

【搭配】stressful lifestyle 有压力的生活方式; unhealthy lifestyle 不健康的生活方式

【例句】Bad lifestyle can adversely affect your digestive system. 不良的生活方式可能对消化系统造成不利影响。

-n.生活方式

【例句】

1. Since its invention, the automobile has become one of the most important vehicles in the world. Automobiles have totally changed the lifestyles of almost all people all over the world.自发明以来，汽车已成为世界上最重要的交通 工具之一。汽车完全改变了全世界几乎所有人的生活方式。

2. Examiners like to ask questions concerning special culture and lifestyle of a certain place. It is indeed part of everyone's life.考官喜欢问关于某个地方的 特殊文化和生活方式的问题。这其实是每个人生活的一部分。

【要点】在雅思口语考试中，经常会涉及lifestyle这个话题，有时要求考生比较过 去和现在以及城市和农村的生活方式的异同，有时要求对自己当下的生活 方式进行描述，甚至会考到对未来生活方式的设想。提到"生活方式"，

227- lodging

n.寄宿宿舍, 租住的房间; 寄宿, 借宿

【同】accommodation; residence

【搭配】lodging house宿舍, 公寓; lodging expenses 住宿费用

【例句】And did anything on the administration side of things surprise you? What was the food and lodging like? 行政管理方面有没有什么让你惊讶的？食宿方面呢？

228- mammal

n.哺乳动物

【搭配】marine mammals 海洋哺乳动物

【例句】The insect lives on small mammals and birds. 这种昆虫寄生在小型哺乳动物和鸟类身上。

【要点】注意拼写, 要双写m。

1. Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial mammals take for granted are either reduced or absent in cetaceans or fail to function well in water.我们以及其他陆栖哺乳动物理应有的一些知觉，在鲸目动物身上表现很弱甚至不存 在，或者在水中得不到很好的发挥。

2. Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish.人类在4500年前才开始在北极地区定居，他们以捕捉海洋哺乳动物和鱼类为生。

229- match

n.火柴; 比赛; 对手; 匹配 v.匹配, 相称

【同】game

【搭配】football match足球赛; man of the match 比赛中最优秀的选手; match against/with与·比赛; home match 主场比赛; away match 客场比赛

【例句】Why do people spend their money on a football match? 为什么人们会花钱看足球赛呢?

【要点】雅思考试中有一种题型为 Matching。

230- migratory

a.迁徙的; 流浪的

【搭配】migratory birds 迁徙的鸟类, 候鸟类

【例句】There are lots of birds in this national forest park, both resident and migratory. 在这个国家森林公园有很多鸟类, 有留鸟也有候鸟。

231- monolith

n.巨型独石

【同】megalith

【搭配】concrete monolith 混凝土大块体

【例句】Check out our amazing geological feature such as a monolith, to see just how amazing nature can be. 看看像巨型独石这样惊人的地理特征, 见证一下大自然的鬼斧神工。

【要点】相关词汇：
diamond 钻石
gem 宝石
mineral 矿石
fieldstone 散石, 大卵石

232- nominal

a.名义上的; （金额、租金）微不足道的

【同】a little; negligible

【搭配】nominal head 名义上的领导人; nominal fee 很少的费用; nominal assets 名义资产

【例句】The bonus to employees is merely a nominal sum. 雇员们只得到了一笔象征性的奖金。

233- operate

v.运转; 动手术; 起作用; 操作; 经营

【同】work

【搭配】operate a tutorial system 开设一个辅导系统; operating cost 运转费用

【例句】The machine doesn't operate properly. 这台机器运转不正常。

234- orchard

n.果园

【同】grove; garden

【搭配】orchard soil 果园土壤

【例句】The garden is located in an orchard, renowned for its numerous visitors in the country. 公园坐落于一个果园内, 因游客众多而闻名全国。

-n.果园

【搭配】apple orchards 苹果园

【例句】

1. In addition, many farmers have orchards.此外，许多农民还有果园。

2. Newton wasn't working in the orchard when the apple hit him, but he discovered the theory of gravity.当牛顿被苹果砸到时，他并不是在果园工作，可他却发现了万有引力定律。

235- organise

v.组织, 安排

【同】arrange

【搭配】organise an activity 组织一次活动; organised crime 团伙犯罪

【例句】The team's main duty is to organise the schedule of games or events for the club. 这个小组的主要责任就是为俱乐部的活动安排计划。

【要点】注意在拼写过程中不要忘记a。

236- ornament

n.装饰; 装饰物 v.装饰, 美化

【同】decoration

【搭配】for ornament 用于装饰; be ornamented with sth. 用··装饰

【例句】The wall is covered with paintings and ornaments. 这面墙上全是油画和装饰物。

-n.装饰，点缀；装饰物 -v.装饰，修饰

【例句】

1. For architects it means that beauty of the architecture should depend on a few carefully chosen structural elements but not a profusion of superficial ornament. 对建筑师来说，这意味着建筑的美应该依赖于一些精心选择的结构性元 素，而不是过多的表面装饰。

2. There is a burgeoning group of young architects newly interested in ornament and decoration, but their version is highly digitalized.有一群刚开始对装饰和 点缀感兴趣的年轻建筑师迅速成长起来,但他们的风格是高度数字化的。

237- overdraft

英式发音? 美式发音? n.透支; 透支额

【搭配】overdraft facility 透支贷款, 透支限额; overdraft interest 透支利息

【例句】Some workers have a huge overdraft to pay off every month. 一些工人每个月都要偿还巨额的透支款。

238- participate

英式发音? 美式发音? v.参与, 参加; 分享, 分担

【同】take part in

【搭配】participate in 参加

【例句】A student may wish to participate in outings or trips if he doesn't know many people. 如果一名学生不认识很多人的话, 他也许会希望参加郊游或旅游等活动。

【要点】participate后面常接 actively, fully等词汇来修饰"参加"的程度。

-v.参与，参加

【搭配】participate in a competition 参加竞赛

【例句】

1. More and more universities stipulate that students should participate in social work for at least one year in order to acquire practical training.越来越多的大学规定，学生至少要参加一年社会实践工作，以获得实际培训。

2. To bring about this improvement, the clerks themselves participated in the decision to reduce the size of the work group.为了促成这种进步，职员亲自参加减小工作团队规模的决议。

3. She participates in basketball games actively. 她积极地参加篮球比赛。

【派生】 participant(n.参加者)；participation(n.参加)

【要点】participate是不及物动词，需要与介词in连用，才能加宾语，与其意义和用 法相同的还有take part in。在写作考试中，一定要注意。

239- peak

a.高峰的, 最高的 n.顶点, 最高点; 山峰

【搭配】peaks and troughs 高峰和低谷; mountain peaks 山峰

【例句】Many tourists would come to the resort in peak times. 在高峰时段, 很多游人都会来这个旅游景点。

【要点】peak 一词经常出现在旅游场景中, 用来表示"旅游的高峰时段"等。

240- recreation

n.娱乐, 消遣

【同】entertainment; pastime

【搭配】recreation area 娱乐休闲区; open air/outdoor recreation 户外娱乐活动

【例句】As you can see, the building you are in now contains this main lounge, the dining room and the recreation room. 正如你可以看见的, 你现在所在的这座大楼包括这间主休息室、餐厅和娱乐室。

-n.娱乐；消遣；休养

【搭配】recreation area 娱乐休闲区；open air/outdoor recreation户外娱乐活动

【例句】

1. They provide jobs, recreation and the experience of nature, and they are part of our spiritual and cultural life.它们提供就业、娱乐和体验大自然的机会，是我们精神文化生活的组成部分。

2. Put apart some time every week where you can work on your relationships, your health, recreation and your spiritual self.一周要留出一些时间来处理你的各种人际关系，保持健康，参加娱乐活动，充实精神上的自我。

【同义】entertainment(n.娱乐)；amusement(n.娱乐，乐趣)

241- public

a.公共的, 公用的; 公开的, 公然的 n.公众, 民众

【搭配】in public公开地, 当众; make public面世, 公开; public awareness 公众 意识; public service大众服务; public school 公立学校

【例句】We used to start all our performances at 7: 30, but that made it difficult for people to go home by public transport. 以前, 我们的表演都是七点半开始, 但是这让观众在演出结束后难以乘公共交通工具回家。

242- purchase

n.购买; 购买的物品 v.购买

【同】buy

【搭配】purchase from 从··处购买

【例句】If you like to purchase any of George's books or other souvenirs, leave the house by the side entrance. 如果你想购买任何乔治的书或其他纪念品, 请从侧门离开。

【要点】相对 get, buy 等词来说, purchase 的用法比较正式。

243- reunion

n.重聚, 团聚; （久别后的）聚会, 联谊活动

【搭配】annual reunion 年度聚会; family reunion 家庭聚会

【例句】All the members of the team gathered to have a reunion dinner last weekend. 周末, 这个团队的所有成员进行了一次聚餐。

【要点】reunion 在听力场景中还有"校友联谊会"的含义。

244- relax

v.(使)松弛, 放松; 休息

【同】loosen up

【搭配】relax your mind 放松思维; relax controls 放松管制; relax oneself 放松自我

【例句】After heavy work I like to relax in the open air. 繁重的工作过后, 我喜欢去户外放松一下。

245- route

n.路线, 路程

【同】path; way

【搭配】cycling route 骑自行车游览路线; shipping route 航线

【例句】This kind of banana had a fairly roundabout route before it got to Australia. 这种香蕉在引进到澳大利亚前经历了相当曲折的历程。

246- reservation

n.保留, 保留意见; 预订, 预订的座位、房间等

【同】booking

【搭配】an airline reservation 预订航班; make a reservation 做预订; confirm a reservation 确认预订; cancel one's reservation 取消预订

【例句】I was advised to make a reservation in advance for the seats. 别人建议我提前预订座位。

【要点】这个词经常出现在参观预订、票务预订等场景中。

247- retail

n.零售

【搭配】retail price零售价; retail trade 零售贸易; retail shop 零售商店

【例句】What sort of shops do you like better, the department store or the small retails? 你更喜欢哪种商店, 是百货商店还是小零售店？

【要点】注意其重音位置。其反义词是wholesale。

248- retailer

n.零售商; 传播者

【例句】Many retailers are facing their slowest business period during the financial crisis. 在金融危机中, 许多零售商们正处在他们生意最低迷的时期。

249- sanctuary

n.圣堂, 圣地; 庇护所, 避难所; 禁猎区, 动物保护区

【搭配】bird sanctuary 鸟类保护区; wildlife sanctuary 野生动物保护区; seek sanctuary 寻找避难所

【例句】Despite living in a sanctuary, which makes them safe from hunters, the animals still face a number of problems that threaten their survival. 尽管生活在保护区可以远离猎人, 这些动物仍然面临大量危害它们生存的问题。

250- scenery

n.风景; 舞台布景

【同】landscape

【搭配】natural scenery 自然风景; magnificent scenery 壮丽的风景; impressive scenery令人难忘的风景

【例句】The scenery is as fine as any we saw on the trip. 这里的风景和我们在旅途当中看到的一样好。

【要点】scenery多为风景的总称, scene是动态的景色, view为静态的风景。另外拼写的时候注意不要忘记c。

251- score

n.得分, 分数; 二十; 刻痕 v.得分, 记分; 刻痕

【例句】What score did you get in the exam? 你这次考试得了多少分？

252- screening

n.上映, 放映

【例句】A large number of people will be attracted to the movie's first screening in the country. 很多人将被该电影在国内的首映所吸引。

253- sensation

n.感觉, 知觉; 激动, 轰动; 轰动一时的事情

【同】feeling

【搭配】sth. caused a great sensation 某事很轰动; heat sensation 热觉

【例句】The news was an absolute sensation at that time. 这个消息在当时确实很轰动

【要点】sensational的含义为"具有轰动效应的、耸人听闻的", 可以用来形容具有轰动效应的新闻。其他一些与新闻有关的词汇有：
sidebar 花絮新闻
sex scandal 桃色新闻
serial story新闻小说
obituary notice 讣闻, 讣告
yellow sheet 低俗新闻

-n.感觉；轰动

【例句】

1. One approved drug, called niacin, is known to both raise HDL and reduce cardiovascular risk but also causes an unpleasant sensation of heat and tingling.尼克酸是一种经过检验的药物，众所周知，它能提升高密度脂蛋白水平， 同时降低患心血管疾病的风险，但是它会让人感觉燥热，且有刺痛感。

2. It would cause not much more sensation than Herschel's discovery of a new planet,Uranus, in 1781.它不会比赫歇尔在1781年首次发现天王星更有轰动性。

【派生】sensational(a.轰动的，耸人听闻的)

【要点】sensation指由外界刺激而产生的感觉，下意识的感觉或触觉；而sense指某 种知觉。sensation作为“轰动”使用的时候也很常见，例如，The new book has created a great sensation.含义是“这本新书引起了巨大轰动”。

254- sledge

n.雪橇

【同】sled

【例句】Supplies were brought to us on large sledges from a ship fifteen kilometres away. 供给是从15公里外的船上用雪橇为我们拉来的。

【要点】其他几种常见的玩具名称：
slide 滑梯
seesaw 跷跷板
swing 秋千
aero modelling 航模
skipping rope 跳绳

255- slice

n.薄片, 切片; 一份; 部分

【同】portion

【搭配】a slice of一片, 一小块, 一部分

【例句】Cut the apple into small slices. 把苹果切成小块。

256- souvenir

n.纪念品, 纪念物

【搭配】souvenir shop纪念品商店

【例句】Many tourists may buy the model of the theatre as a souvenir of this country. 许多游客会购买这个国家的剧院模型作为纪念品。

【要点】这里介绍几个旅行场景中的常用词汇：
group tour 组团旅行
package tour 自助背包旅行
sightseeing 观光
historical interest 历史遗迹

-n.纪念品，纪念物

【搭配】souvenir shop 纪念品商店

【例句】

1. Besides the government's support, the managers of museums should also solve financial problems by improving management efficiency or selling souvenirs.除了政府的支持外，博物馆的管理层还应该通过提高管理效率或售卖纪念品 来解决财务问题。

2. We've gathered together a wonderful collection of souvenirs.我们已经收集了一大批精美纪念品。

257- service

n.服务; 公共设施, 公用机构; 维修 v.维修; 服务

【搭配】airline coach service 航空公司汽车服务处; Student Service 学生服务中 心; door -to-door service 门到门服务; service charge 服务费用; inter-library service 图书馆际服务

【例句】The State Rail want to improve the service. 国家铁路部门想改善服务质量。

【要点】Student Service 一般都设立如下部门：
Academic Register 学生注册中心
Accommodation 学生住宿管理中心
Admissions 招生中心
Careers Advisor Service 就业指导中心
Counselling Service 心理咨询中心
Director of Music 音乐中心
Disabilities 残障服务中心
Examinations 考试中心
Internal Audit 内部审计
International and Study Abroad 国际学生及海外学习办公室
Student Financial Support 学生资助办公室
Student Records 学生记录办公室
Student Recruitment and School Liaison 招生宣传办公室
Widening Participation 扩大招生办公室

258- spectator

n.观众; 旁观者, 目击者

【同】audience; viewer

【搭配】spectator sport 吸引很多观众的体育项目

【例句】The live concert attracted more than 1,000 spectators. 这场实况音乐会吸引了一千多名观众。

【要点】这里介绍几个与 spectator 同属的雅思词汇：
amateur 业余爱好者
fan 爱好者
cheering-section 啦啦队
cheer-leader 啦啦队长
home team主队
visiting team 客队

-n.观众；旁观者

【例句】 The spectators, as well as the participants, of the ancient Olympics were all male.在古代，奥林匹克运动会的观众和运动员全部是男性。

259- spend

v.花费; 消耗, 用尽; 度过, 消磨

【搭配】spend money/time on sth. 在某事上花钱/花时间

【例句】The lecture will give you some tips on how to spend your money wisely. 这个讲座会给你一些关于如何合理花钱的建议。

260- spire

n.尖塔, 尖顶

【同】pinnacle

【搭配】spire roof 尖塔屋顶

【例句】How magnificent is the view of the spires of the city! 城市中的尖塔之景好壮观啊！

261- spoil

v.损坏; 宠坏 n.战利品

【同】pamper

【搭配】spoil the sport令人扫兴（灰心）; spoil one's game破坏某人的计划

【例句】He wasn't going to let a stomachache spoil his holiday. 他不想让胃疼毁了他的假期。

【要点】当spoil作名词时, 表示"战利品", 相关的词汇还有：
armor 武器
onset 攻击
extinguish 熄灭
exterminate 消灭

262- stretch

n.一段时间; 一段路程; 拉长, 延伸 v.拉长, 延伸

【同】extend

【搭配】at a stretch 一口气地, 连续地; at ful stretch 非常紧张, 竭尽全力; stretch out 伸出, 伸手

【例句】According to the proposal, we'll add judo and stretch classes soon.根据建议, 我们很快增加柔道和伸展课程。

-v.伸展；（使）紧张 -n.一段（时间、路程）；伸展；连续；绷紧

【搭配】at a stretch一口气地，连续；at full stretch 非常紧张；尽力而为；stretch out 伸展，伸手

【例句】

1. The badminton court has a net in the center that stretches from one side to the other side. 这个羽毛球场中间有一个网，从一边延伸到另一边。

2. His feet are stretched out to an electric heater.他的脚伸到了电暖气上。

263- spot

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.点; 斑点, 污点; 地点, 场所 v.认清, 发现; 玷污, 弄脏; 用点作记号

【同】stain

【搭配】on the spot 在现场; hot spot 热点; spot on 把·. 滴在. ·. 上; scenic spot景点

【例句】We will be returning to this spot at the end of the tour. 旅游结束后, 我们还会回到这个景点。

【要点】注意不要与sport混淆。

-n.地点，处所 -v.认出；发现

【例句】

1. I took the photo with my roommates. If you had been right on the spot, you would have found how exited we were gathering together in this metropolis.我 和我的室友一起照了这张相片。如果你当时在场，你就会知道我们在这个 大都市中重聚是多么激动。

2. You'll spot the cinema right next to the underground station.你会在地铁站旁 边看到那家电影院。

264- symphony

n.交响乐, 交响曲; （色彩等的）和谐, 协调

【搭配】a symphony orchestra 交响乐团; a symphony of autumn colours 和谐的秋色

【例句】The symphony wants to recruit an excellent conductor. 这个交响乐团想要招一位优秀的指挥。

【要点】相关词汇：
sonata 奏鸣曲
concerto 协奏曲
symphonic poem 交响诗
overture 序曲
prelude 前奏曲
fantasia 幻想曲
capriccio 随想曲
rhapsody 狂想曲
romance 浪漫曲
ballade 叙事曲
march 进行曲
variation 变奏曲

265- tram

n.有轨电车

【搭配】tram tour 有轨电车游览

【例句】I was watching for my tram because sometimes it comes irregularly. 我正留意我要坐的那班有轨电车, 因为有时候它会不规律。

【要点】相关词汇：
coach 交通班车, 长途汽车
tube/underground/subway 地铁
light rail 轻轨

266- trap

n.陷阱, 圈套 v.使中圈套; 使陷入困境; 使受限制

【搭配】fall into a trap 陷入圈套; debt trap负债困境

【例句】The parents were a bit concerned about the side bar of the baby chair, because they felt babies could trap their fingers in it. 父母有点担心这个婴儿座椅的侧板, 因为他们觉得侧板会夹住婴儿的手指。

【要点】雅思听力通常采用两种方法来考查学生的实际能力：间接信息(Indirect Information)与干扰项(Trap)。间接信息指录音中听到的内容与正确选项中的内容文字不一致, 但意思一样; 干扰项是录音中听到的内容与若干错误选项中的内容往往文字一致, 但意思完全不同。

-v.诱捕；使...受限制；设陷阱 -n.陷阱；困境

【搭配】fal into a trap 陷入圈套；debt trap 负债困境

【例句】 The advantage of a traditional family is the close family support, but the husband and wife may feel trapped in the relationship.传统家庭的好处在于紧密的家庭支撑，但是家庭中的丈夫和妻子也许会感到被这种关系所限制。

267- trek

v.艰苦跋涉

【同】slog

【例句】They reached the refugee camp after trekking across the mountains. 翻过高山之后, 他们最终到达难民营。

【要点】相关词汇：
attempt 尝试
endeavour 努力
strive 奋斗

268- trend

n.倾向, 趋势 v.倾向, 趋向

【同】tend

【搭配】a downward trend 向下的趋势; an upward trend向上的趋势; economic trend 经济趋势; recent trend最近的趋势

【例句】A disturbing trend is that the youth unemployment rate has increased in these years. 一个令人烦恼的趋势是近些年来, 青年人的失业率有所增加。

-n.倾向；趋势

【搭配】a downward trend 向下的趋势；an upward trend 向上的趋势；economic trends 经济趋势；sweeping trends 席卷一切的潮流

【例句】

1. My favorite magazine is called Trends Health which is published monthly, and I usually borrow it from the campus library.我最喜欢的杂志叫《健康潮流》，是一本月刊,我经常从学校图书馆借来看。

2. In your opinion, will this trend continue into the future?依你看，这种趋势 在未来还会继续吗？

269- trial

n.审讯; 试验; 努力; 磨炼

【同】experiment; test

【搭配】clinical trials 临床试验; trial period 试用期; time trial 计时游, 计时赛

【例句】If you want to organise a trial session and look around the centre, you'll need to speak to David Kynchley. 如果你想安排一堂试讲课并在这个中心转转, 你需要和戴维·肯奇力讲一下。

n.审讯；试验 a.试验性的

【搭配】clinical trials 临床试验；trial period 试用期；time trial 计时游，计时比赛

【例句】 Leonard Seymour has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues, and he will lead the trials later this year. 伦纳德...西摩尔一直与同事们致力于病毒疗法的研究，他将在年末带队展开试验。

【要点】trial,experiment和test都表示“实验”，experiment范围较广，主要指为进行研究和获得新知识而进行的科学实验；trial指对能力、质量和性能等的测试或实验；test指对人或事物的测验，也指实验或检验的手段或程序。

270- voyage

注意y的发音 n.航海, 航程 v.航海, 航行; 旅行

【同】journey

【搭配】maiden voyage 处女航; voyage of discovery 发现之旅

【例句】There is a continuous video showing today about the voyages of Captain Cook. 今天将会继续放映有关库克船长航行的视频。

v./n.旅行；航行，飞行

【例句】

1. It was for presenting a paper on this aspect of the voyage to the Royal Society that he was presented with the Copley Medal in 1776.正是因为向英国皇家学会提交了一篇关于此次航行的论文，他于1776年获得了科普利奖。

2. On his second voyage Cook used the KI chronometer made by LarcumKendall.在他的第二次航行中，库克使用了拉科姆.肯德尔制作的K1精密记时表。

【要点】voyage指“经海路或空间的长途行程”，较为专业，常见于有关航海或航空的文章中；journey可指“经常走过的或长或短的距离”；travel指“行走、行驶或旅行”，为不可数名词；tour是“为游玩而到几个地方观光的（长途或短途）旅行”；而trip指“短期的旅程和观光，从某地出发再回到该地”。

271- tropical

a.热带的

【搭配】tropical condition 热带环境; tropical disease 热带疾病; tropical rainforest 热带雨林; tropical marine climate 热带海洋气候

【例句】Tropical flowers always have bright colours. 热带花卉通常颜色都很鲜艳。

【要点】与地带等地理情况相关的词汇：
sub tropical 亚热带
temperate 温带的
antarctic 南极
arctic 北极的
cold zone 寒带
polar 极地的
mountain 高山
highland 高原

a.热带的；炎热的

【搭配】 tropical condition 热带环境；tropical disease 热带病；tropical rainforest 热带 雨林；tropical marine climate 热带海洋气候

【例句】

1. "We've known for a long time that maternal education is important, "says a scholar of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.“我们早就知道母亲的教育是很重要的，”伦敦卫生和热带医学学院的一位学者说道。

2. Ecologists have assumed that tropical ecosystems were shaped entirely by natural forces.生态学家假设热带生态系统完全是由自然力形成的。

3. Asia extends across the frigid, temperate and tropical zones.亚洲地跨寒、温、热三带。

-a.热带的；炎热的

【搭配】tropical condition 热带环境；tropical disease 热带病；tropical rain forest 热带雨林；tropical marine climate 热带海洋气候

【例句】 Ecologists have assumed that tropical ecosystems were shaped entirely by natural forces.生态学家设想，热带生态系统完全是由自然力量形成的。

272- vehicle

h不发音 n.车辆, 交通工具; 媒介, 载体

【搭配】an aerospace vehicle 太空运载工具

【例句】Maybe I just need an old vehicle to cross the town.或许我只需要一辆旧车来穿越这个小镇。

273- wonder

n.惊异; 奇迹; 奇事 v.诧异, 奇怪; 纳闷, 想知道

【搭配】no wonder 难怪, 怪不得

【例句】Excuse me; I'm wondering if you'd mind answering some questions? 打扰了, 我想知道你介意回答几个问题吗？

274- visa

n.签证

【搭配】exit visa 出境签证; entry visa 入境签证; transit visa 过境签证; work visa 工作签证; study visa 学习签证; tourist visa 旅游签证

【例句】If you want to re-enter the island, you must get a multi-entry visa. 如果你想重新进入这个岛屿, 就必须持有多次入境签证。

275- ## 3-社会生活篇

276- atmospheric

注意本词重音位置 a.大气的; 大气层的; 有...气氛的

【搭配】atmospheric pressure 大气压; atmospheric pollution 大气污染

【例句】The main reason of atmospheric pollution is the increase of carbon dioxide emission.大气污染的主要原因是二氧化碳排放量的增加。

【要点】这里介绍一些与大气环境有关的词汇：atmospheric composition 大气组成atmospheric chemistry 大气化学carbon dioxide 二氧化碳greenhouse gases 温室气体oxygen 氧气ozone layer 臭氧层

277- architecture

n.建筑; 建筑学

【搭配】architecture style 建筑风格; modern architecture 现代建筑; the Master of Architecture(MArch) 建筑学硕士

【例句】Business Studies is available full time and is offered at present whereas architecture won't be available until next year. 现在商务研究全天开课, 随时可上, 但是建筑学要等到明年才开课。

n.建筑（学）；建筑式样（风格）

【例句】

1. Disillusionment at the failure of many of the poor imitations of Modernist architecture led to interest in various styles and ideas from the past and present.许多现代主义风格的建筑缺乏想象，令人失望至极，使人们对过去及现在的各种建筑风格和理念产生兴趣。

2. People today recognize that a well-designed environment improves the quality of life but is not necessarily achieved by adopting one well-defined style of architecture.如今，人们认识到设计巧妙的环境会提高生活质量，但是采用某种设计良好的建筑风格并不一定能创造出这样的环境。

3. The trend in architecture now favors smaller scale building design.现在建筑设计的流行趋势是小户型。

【派生】 architectural(a.建筑学的)；architect(n.建筑师)

-n.建筑（学）；建筑风格

【例句】

1. The theater's classical European architecture makes it one of the most famous architectural and cultural heritage sites in Shanghai.剧院的古典欧洲建筑使它成为了上海最著名的建筑文化遗址之一。

2. The trend in architecture now favors smaller-scale building design.现在，建筑设计的流行趋势是小户型。

278- advertisement

-英式发音? -美式发音? -英音和美音的重音位置不相同 n.广告, 公告; 广告活动

【搭配】advertisement industry 广告业; advertisement expense 广告费用

【例句】The websites are full of advertisements for promotion activities of various shops. 网站上全是各大商店促销活动的广告。

-n.广告，宣传

【搭配】the advertisement page(广告专页)

【例句】

1. What I want to talk about is an advertisement for a health product called Naobaijin. It's such a famous advertisement that almost everyone in China can recite the lines in the advertisement.我想谈的是一则保健品"脑白金"的广告。这是一则非常有名的广告，在中国几乎人人都能背出它的广告词。

2. Whether we like it or not, advertisements have been pouring into our daily life. They're so powerful that some people think that it is not the needs of people but the power of its advertisement which makes a commodity popular.无论我们喜欢与否，广告已经涌入我们的日常生活。它是如此强大，有些人甚至认 为并非人们的需求而是强大的广告使商品流行起来。

【派生】advertise(v.作广告)

279- affect

-t发音尽可能弱化 v.影响, 感染

【同】influence

【例句】The express train was not affected by the bad weather. 特快列车没有受到恶劣天气的影响。

【要点】注意该词和 effect 在发音、拼写和词义上的区别。

-v.影响；感染

【例句】

1. For example, air pollution caused by carbon dioxide in one country will result in the warmth of the whole globe and ultimately affect other countries.例如，一个国家的二氧化碳引起的空气污染将会导致全球变暖，最终会影响到其 他国家。

2. No activity affects the Earth's surface more than farming.耕种是对地表影响 最大的人类活动。

280- bubble

n.泡, 泡沫; 水泡, 气泡 v.冒泡, 起泡, 沸腾

【搭配】bubble economy 泡沫经济

【例句】Water from these underground reservoirs bubbles to the surface as springs in some parts of the country. 在这个国家的一些地区, 地下蕴藏的水会以泉水的形式涌上地面。

281- burglar

n.窃贼, 破门盗窃者 在美音中, 字母 r 与其同 robber 元音在一起时要发所谓的"儿化音"

【搭配】burglar alarm 窃贼报警器

【例句】This is a fake video camera which you fix in your room to scare off burglars. 这是一个假摄像头, 把它安装在房间可以用来吓跑小偷。

282- authority

n.权力; 权威 当局, 官方

【搭配】in authority 持有权力的地位; one leading authority 一个极有权威的人

【例句】The organization is subject to emergency authority. 该组织从属于紧急事务行政管理机构。

n.权力，权威；权力机关

【搭配】 in authority 持有权力的地位；one leading authority 一个极具权威的人

【例句】

1. The Environmental Protection Agency argues that Congress did not intend to include CO2 under that heading, and that to do so would extend the EPA's authority to an unreasonable extent.环境保护机构争论说国会没有打算把二氧化碳包含在那个标题下，并且那么做将会使环境保护机构的权利扩大到一种不合理的程度。

2. Dark colours give an aura of authority while lighter pastel shades suggest approachability.深色调给人一种权威的感觉而清淡柔和的色调使人感到亲切。

283- cabinet

n.内阁; 贮藏柜, 陈列柜

【例句】It's a lovely cabinet, and we use it to keep our towels in.这是个不错的橱柜, 我们用它来放毛巾。

【要点】cabinet在古语里有"小房间"的意思, 而小房间是一个适合讨论机密事物的地点。因此, 该词后用于指代在小房间里开会的人, 即"内阁"或"全体内阁成员"。

284- blame

n.责任; 过失; 责备 v.责备; 把...归咎于

【同】reproach

【搭配】blame sb. /sth. for sth. 因...责备, 把...归咎于; blame sth. on sb. /sth. 因...责备, 把...归咎于

【例句】The doctor blamed the patient not to see the doctor soon.医生责怪病人没有及时看病。

285- census

n.人口调查

【搭配】unemployment census 失业调查; census questionnaire 人口普查表

【例句】Every five years, we have a census in this country that involved with everyone. 每隔五年, 我国会举行一次全国人口普查。

286- comment

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.注释, 评论, 意见 v.注释, 评论

【同】remark

【搭配】comment on 对...发表评论

【例句】The government authorities have no time for comment on the scandal. 政府当局没有时间去对这一丑闻做出评论。

-n./v.注释，评论；议论，闲谈

【搭配】no comment 无可奉告

【例句】

1. The scandal caused a lot of comment.这件丑闻遭到很多议论。

2. When finishing reading a novel, I often write a comment on it on my blog.当读完一本小说时，我通常会在我的博客里写一篇评论。

287- commercial

a.商业的, 商务的, 贸易的

【搭配】commercial intercourse 通商; the commercial venture 商业投资

【例句】This will be a good commercial channel. 这将是一个好的商业渠道。

a.商业的；商品化的

【搭配】commercial intercourse 通商，贸易往来；commercial television 商业电 视；commercial centre 商业中心

【例句】

1. Cities which began as ports retain the chief commercial and administrative centre of the city close to the waterfront.由港口发展起来的城市，其主要的城市商业和行政中心仍靠近滨水区。

2. Building big commercial buildings underground can be a way to avoid threatening a beautiful landscape.修建大型地下商业建筑可能是避免破坏美丽风景的一种途径。

-a.商业的，商品化的，贸易的 -n.商业广告

【搭配】commercial intercourse 通商，贸易往来；the commercial venture 商业投资；commercial television 商业电视台；commercial centre商业中心

【例句】

1. Notably, there's a large television jumbotron on a nearby building to display commercials.值得注意的是，附近的建筑物上有一个超大电视屏幕用来展 示商业广告。

2. People know new products primarily through advertisements. Ads are everywhere in our life. When you watch TV or listen to the radio, you find ads between programs, particularly TV commercials.人们主要通过广告来了解新产品，广告在我们的生活中无处不在。当你看电视或听广播时，你会发现 节目中穿插着广告，特别是电视商业广告。

3. Building big commercial buildings underground can be a way to avoid threatening a beautiful landscape.修建大型地下商业建筑可以避免破坏美丽的风景。

288- commit

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 v.犯罪; 承诺; 委托, 托付

【搭配】commit crimes 犯罪; commit suicide自杀; commit oneself to 使自己承担.

【例句】The drivers refused to commit themselves to the traffic accident. 司机们拒绝承担这起交通事故的责任。

289- comparable

a.可比较的; 比得上的

【同】comparative

【搭配】be comparable with与...可比较的; be comparable to 比得上...的

【例句】The financial status in the Pakistan is not comparable to that in the U. S. 巴基斯坦的经济情况无法与美国相比。

a.可比较的；比得上的；类似的

【例句】 Several comparable cases have been reported.刊载了一些有可比性的案例。

【同义】similar(a.相似的，类似的)；like(a.相似的，同样的)

290- complex

a.复杂的 n.综合体

【同】complicated; intricate; involved; knotty

【搭配】inferiority complex 自卑感

【例句】Their relationship is very complex and rather unclear at the moment. 此时他们的关系不但非常复杂而且很不明朗。

-a.复杂的 -n.综合体

【搭配】 inferiority complex 自卑感，自卑情结

【例句】

1. In the final stage of a glow-worm's life, the larva encases itself in a pupal skin while it changes from the simple larva to the more complex adult fly.在萤火虫生命的最后阶段，幼虫将自己包裹在蛹里，从简单的幼虫变成复杂的会飞 的成虫。

2. Their relationship was very complex and rather unclear at the moment.目前他们的关系很复杂，不明朗。

【同义】complicated(a.复杂的，难解的)；intricate(a.复杂的，错综的)； involved(a.棘手的)；knotty(a.棘手的，困难多的)

【反义】simple(a.简单的，简易的)

【要点】 complex、complicated、intricate、involved和knotty都是表示“复杂”的形容词。complex指组成某种机器的零件、构成某事物的因素很多，且关系 复杂，只有学识深的人或具有专门知识的人才能处理；complicated具有 complex的一切意义，但更强调复杂得难以解释或理解；intricate通常指交 织在一起的众多因素，而且难以理出头绪来；involved常指许多事物或事 物的关系盘根错节；knotty指充满纠缠不清、令人困惑的复杂问题，而且 包含着几乎不可能解决或理解的意思。

-a.复杂的 -n.综合体；情结

【搭配】a complex argument 复杂的论证；inferiority complex 自卑感，自卑情 结；a sports complex 运动中心

【例句】

1. I can still recall that every time we met some complex problems she could always figure out the best solution in the shortest time.我还能记得，每当我们 遇到复杂的问题时，她总能在最短时间里找到最佳的解决方式。

2. Their relationship was very complex and rather unclear at the moment.现在 他们的关系复杂而不明朗。

【同义】complicated(a.复杂的，难理解的)；intricate(a.复杂的，错综的)； involved(a.棘手的)；knotty(a.棘手的，困难多的)

【反义】simple(a.简单的，简易的)

291- confine

v.限制, 局限于; 管制, 禁闭

【同】constrain

【搭配】confine to 限制于...之内; confine oneself to 把自己局限于

【例句】The teacher does not confine his studies to American literature. 这位老师并未将他的研究局限于美国文学。

【要点】confine oneself to 后面直接加 sth. 或 doing sth. 。

v.限制，仅限于 n.界限,边界

【搭配】 be confined to 局限于...；between the confines of ...之间的界限； beyond the confine of 超出.的范围

【例句】

1. Those confined to particular geographical areas, such as the countries bordering the Mediterranean or the Nordic countries had to be discarded.那些局限于特定地理区域的国家,如地中海沿岸国家或北欧国家,不得不被忽略。

2. It's important not to confine yourself to reading on your subject.不要仅限于阅读课内读物，这一点很重要。

-v.限制，仅限于 -n.界线；限制；范围

【搭配】be confined to(局)限于；between the confines of...之间的界线； beyond the confines of 超出...的范围

【例句】It's important not to confine yourself to reading on your subject.不要仅限于课内阅读，这一点很重要。

292- congress

n.(代表)大会; 国会, 议会

【搭配】the support of congress 国会的支持; the People's Congress 人民代表大会

【例句】The congress called on the local governments to reopen schools after the war. 战后, 国会号召地方政府重开学校。

293- conquer

v.征服, 战胜; 攻克, 攻取

【同】defeat; overcome

【搭配】conquer your fear 战胜恐惧

【例句】Many climbers have made attempts to conquer Mount Everest. 许多登山者试图征服珠穆朗玛峰。

【要点】其名词形式为 conqueror(征服者)。

-v.战胜，征服，攻克

【搭配】conquer shyness克服羞怯；conquer one's fear战胜恐惧

【例句】

1. If the students have the courage to make comments on their teachers, they will have more confidence to conquer the difficulties in the future.若学生有勇气评价教师，那么他们就更有信心攻克未来将会遇到的难题。

2. Every day, conquer your fear and courageously face all your opportunities, keep your mind open and your attitude positive, and then you will make a big difference.每天，克服恐惧，勇敢面对所有机会，保持心胸开阔、态度积 极，你会变得非常不同。

【派生】 conqueror(n.征服者)

【同义】defeat(v战胜)；overcome(v.克服) 要 点在口语中，conquer一词多取其"攻克"的意思，与master通用，引申为"掌握"，如：I can totally conquer English.(我能彻底攻克英语。)取"克服"的意思时，可与overcome互换。

294- conquest

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.征服

【搭配】Spanish Conquest 西班牙的攻占; military conquest 军事攻占

【例句】The king completed the conquest of the country. 国王彻底征服了那个国家。

295- consensus

n.共识; （意见）一致

【搭配】value consensus 价值共识

【例句】The general consensus is that reform is a good thing. 改革是件好事, 这是共识。

【要点】注意该单词的拼写。

n.一致；舆论；合意

【搭配】 value consensus 价值共识

【例句】

1. He explained his idea to the psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in an ordinary population who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts. The overwhelming consensus was that virtually everyone would refuse to obey the experimenter.他向精神病专家解释了他的想法，并且让他们预测在普通人群中那些愿意承受450伏特最高电击的人数的平均百分值。毋庸置疑的是，实际上，每个人都会拒绝服从实验人员。

2. One man, who had been blind since birth, scored extremely well. He made only one match differing from the consensus, assigning "far" to square and "near" to circle. Actually, only a small majority of sighted subjects had paired far and near to the opposite partners.一个天生失明的人得分特别高。他只有一个连线和大家的不一样，把“远”连到方形，“近”连到圆形。实际上，只有一小部分看得到的人把远和近匹配反了。

【同义】 unanimity(n.全体一致)

-n.共同看法，意见一致

【搭配】reach a consensus 达成一致意见；consensus politics以协商为基础的政 治；value consensus 价值共识

【例句】They can gather some statistics or data to back up and support their opinions in order to reach a consensus.他们可以搜集一些数据或资料来支持他们的观 点，以期达成共识。

296- complicate

v.(使)变复杂

【搭配】complicate matters 使事情复杂化; complicate the business 使生意难做

【例句】This problem was complicated beyond all reason.这个问题如此复杂, 简直不可思议。

297- corporate

a.团体的, 共同的; 法人的, 公司的

【搭配】corporate crime 企业犯罪; corporate loan 公司贷款

【例句】There has been a massive increase in one type of crime, which is what's known as "corporate crime". 有一种类型的犯罪数量大幅上升, 这就是所谓的"企业 犯罪"。

【要点】注意拼写时不要和 cooperate(合作)混淆。

-a.团体的；公司的；结成一个团体的

【搭配】corporate crime公司犯罪；corporate loan 公司贷款；corporate body法 人团体；corporate responsibility共同的责任

【例句】

1. The change in the corporate culture has resulted in adding more glamour and importance to an accountant's job.公司文化的改变给会计的工作带来了更大 的魅力和重要性。

2. From uniforms and work wear has emerged corporate clothing.在制服和工作服的基础上出现了职业装。

【要点】corporate是形容词，表示"公司的"，在介绍一个公司的时候，我们常会 用到的一些搭配是corporate culture(企业文化)，corporate image(公司形 象)等。corporate的形近词cooperate是动词，意思是"合作"，注意两者 之间的区别。

298- consumption

n.消费（量）; 消耗

【搭配】consumption pattern 消费模式; consumption of electricity 耗电量

【例句】Most of the water is too salty to be used for human consumption or for their irrigation of crops. 大部分的水含盐量太高, 不适合人们饮用或灌溉农作物。

n.消耗（量）；消费（量）

【搭配】 consumption pattern 消费模式；consumption of electricity 耗电量

【例句】

1. The metabolic rate of mice can be reduced by a very low consumption off ood.减少食物的消耗可以降低老鼠的新陈代谢率。

2. The researchers scanned their brains using FMRI to measure blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain, as an indication of its activity.研究人员用功能性磁共振成像技术对他们的大脑进行扫描，测出大脑中的血流量和耗氧量，作为其活性指标。

299- continuous

a.连续的, 持续的

【同】constant

【搭配】continuous flow 持续气流; continuous performance cinema 循环场电影院

【例句】There is a continuous improvement in the service of the Student Service Centre. 学生服务中心的服务质量在不断地提高。

【要点】continual 和 continuous 都表示事情连续发生：continuous 描述事情的发生没有间歇, 而 continual 表示事情一直重复发生。

300- contribute

-注意重音位置 v.贡献, 捐献; 投稿; 有助于

【同】make a contribution

【搭配】contribute to 有助于; 捐款; 贡献; a contributing factor 起作用的因素

【例句】The smoke from the coal contributed a great deal to the air pollution.煤产生的烟是大气污染的一个重要原因。

-v.贡献；捐献；投稿

【搭配】contribute to 有助于；捐助，贡献；a contributing factor 起作用的因素

【例句】

1. I think her intelligence contributes a lot to her good performance in studies. She can always figure out the best solution in the shortest time.我认为她良好的学习成绩很大一部分归因于她的聪慧。她总能在最短时间里想出最好 的解决方法。

2. Universities should offer students every opportunity to graduate with skills that allow them to have fulfilling careers and contribute to the fields.大学应该尽可能给学生提供机会，让他们在毕业时能拥有胜任理想职业要求的技 能，从而让他们在自己的职业生涯领域作出贡献。

301- conventional

a.普通的, 习惯的; 因循守旧的, 传统的

【同】traditional

【搭配】conventional crime 传统型犯罪; conventional value 传统价值观

【例句】We exchange conventional greetings when we meet on the campus. 我们在校园里碰到时, 彼此会习惯性地打个招呼。

302- councilor

n.议会议员

【搭配】Privy Councilor 智囊团, 枢密院官员

【例句】There has been a lot of consultation for the new councilor. 有许多关于新议员的民意咨询。

【要点】相关词汇：

Senate 参议院congress 大会; (C-)议会league 同盟

303- counteract

v.对抗, 抵消

【同】offset

【搭配】counteract inflation 反通货膨胀

【例句】I know questionnaires are a very controlled way to do things but I thought I could do taped interviews later on to counteract the effect of this. 我知道问卷调查是一个有局限性的研究方式, 但是我随后会做录音采访, 以与调查问卷的结果相互补充。

304- creep

v.悄悄地移动; 缓慢地行进; 爬行

【搭配】creep in 悄悄跟进; creep out of从... 悄悄地出来

【例句】I crept upstairs so as not to wake up other tenants. 我悄悄地爬上楼, 以免吵醒其他房客。

305- crime

n.罪行, 犯罪

【同】delinquency

【搭配】campus crime 校园犯罪; hotel crime 旅馆犯罪

【例句】Crime often happens in hotels and on streets in poor areas. 在贫困地区, 犯罪行为经常发生在旅馆和街上。

【要点】雅思听力考试的 Section 3中常出现有关crime的讲座, 会介绍crime的多发地区、防止办法和注意事项等。

306- critical

a.批评的, 评论的; 危急的, 紧要的; 临界的; 挑剔的

【同】crucial

【搭配】critical of 对...挑剔的, 批评的; critical thoughts 批判性思维; be of critical importance 至关重要; critical point 临界点

【例句】The strike has been stopped, but the situation is still critical. 罢工虽然已经停止了, 但是形势仍很危急。

-a.批评的，爱挑剔的；决定性的；评论的

【搭配】be critical of 爱挑毛病的，批评的；critical thoughts 挑剔的思想；be of critical importance 至关重要

【例句】

1. Art can help achieve academic success-enhancing test scores, attitudes, social skills and critical and creative thinking.艺术有益于学业的成功——提高考试分数，改善学习态度，增强社交技能，强化批判性和创造性思维。

2. I think the most critical reason why I like this place so much is its ecological environment, which really deserves imitation by other cities.我认为我喜欢这个地方的最关键的原因是它的生态环境,这的确值得其他城市效仿。

307- crush

n.压碎; 压榨; 迷恋 v.制服, 压垮

【搭配】have a crush on sb. → fall in love with sb. 爱上某人. crush a rebellion 压制反抗; crush sb's hopes 打破某人的希望

【例句】Bob was crushed by his son's sudden death. 鲍勃被儿子的突然离世击垮了。

-v.碾碎；压垮；压制 -n.强烈的喜爱，迷恋

【搭配】crush a rebellion 压制反抗；crush sb.'s hope 打破某人的愿望；crush up 粉碎

【例句】

1. Because the lyrics fully explained what I thought, I was deeply touched and thus had a crush on the song.歌词内容完全说出了我的想法，我被深深地打动了，开始迷恋上了这首歌。

2. Be careful not to crush my glasses in the bag.小心别把我包里的眼镜给压碎了。

308- currency

-英式发音? -美式发音? n.通货, 货币

【同】money

【搭配】currency form 货币申请单

【例句】You should complete a currency form. 你应该填写一张货币申请单。

【要点】这里介绍一些和"通货、货币"有关的词汇：

international monetary system 国际货币制度money in circulation 货币流通量national budget 国家预算the purchasing power of money 货币购买力soft currency 软通货hard currency 硬通货

n.货币；流行

【搭配】 currency form货币申请单；a paper currency 纸币

【例句】In the mid-1980s, the idea gained currency within the scientific world. 20世纪80年代中期，这一观念在科学界极为盛行。

【要点】currency的形容词形式是current,意为“现行的，通行的”。另外，常见的还有其副词形式currently,意思是“当前；普遍地”，在阅读中出现的这些词均要放在具体的语境中判断其具体的词义。

309- damage

v.损害, 毁坏 n.损害赔偿金; 损害, 毁坏

【同】injury

【搭配】environmental damage 环境破坏; irreparable damage 无法修复的破坏

【例句】These materials would probably be damaged if you set them on fire. 如果在上面生火的话, 这些材料很可能会被破坏。

310- data

n.数据, 资料

【搭配】data analysis 数据分析; data base 数据库

【例句】Each course has two parts, the first part is word processing, the second is about the use of data base programs. 每门课程都有两部分：第一部分是文字处理, 第二部分是数据库程序的使用。

【要点】data的复数形式还是 data, 雅思听力考试中有时data 发音会像, 要注意这一点。

311- deny

v.否认, 否定; 拒绝

【同】refuse

【搭配】deny oneself 节制, 戒除; deny doing sth. 否认做过某事; deny a charge 否认控告

【例句】If you don't acknowledge the source of your information, you might be denied entry into the university. 如果你不供认信息的来源, 你可能会被这所大学拒收。

312- depression

n.抑郁, 沮丧; 不景气, 萧条（期）

【同】slump

【搭配】the Great Depression 大萧条; economic depression 经济萧条

【例句】The economic depression of the 1930s and the Second World War prevented the advanced ideas from being widely realised. 20世纪30年代的经济萧条和第二次世界大战阻碍了先进思想的传播, 使其不能被广泛认识。

-n.沮丧，忧愁；洼地；不景气

【搭配】the Great Depression 大萧条；economic depression 经济萧条

【例句】

1. Walking can improve mental health, including reducing stress and lowering the incidence of depression. Besides, talking about some interesting things every day while walking with my parents makes me feel we are close.散步能改善心理健康，包括减少压力和降低抑郁症的发病率。此外，和父母散步时谈论 每天发生的一些趣事，让我感觉我们关系紧密。

2. Gloomy weather can cause depression, while sunshine appears to raise the spirits.阴沉的天气会使人情绪低落，而阳光似乎能提高人们的兴致。

3. The public is worrying about the national economy going into depression again.民众担忧国民经济会再次陷入萧条。

313- devastate

v.毁坏; 使垮掉, 压倒

【同】destroy

【搭配】be devastated by 被...毁坏

【例句】The writer had been devastated by the death at the age of seven of his eldest daughter. 作者因7岁的大女儿夭折而崩溃了。

314- disruption

n.分裂, 断裂; 毁坏

【同】breakdown

【搭配】plane of disruption断裂面; atomic disruption 原子破裂

【例句】The strike happened yesterday and caused big delays and disruption to public transportation.昨天发生了罢工事件, 并导致了公共交通的严重延误和混乱。

315- decline

n.下降, 衰落; 斜面, 倾斜 v.下降, 衰落; 倾斜; 拒绝, 谢绝

【同】decrease; fall

【搭配】on the decline 在衰退中; in decline下降; rapid decline 迅速减少; phase of decline 衰退期

【例句】The decline in the value of the currency may cause panic. 货币价值的下跌可能会引起恐慌。

【要点】decline一词经常出现在新闻中, 表示经济状况每况愈下, 或某种情况有所衰退等。

-n./v.谢绝；减少

【搭配】on the decline 在衰退中；in decline下降；rapid decline 飞速减少； phase of decline 衰退期；decline an invitation to dinner 谢绝宴请

【例句】

1. When the winter comes, there is an obvious decline in workers' efficiency.冬天来临时，工人的工作效率明显下降。

2. Technological advances helped bring about the decline of rural industries and

186an increase in urban populations.科技进步导致了乡镇企业的衰落和城市人口的增长。

【同义】refuse(v.拒绝)；diminish(v.变小)

316- distortion

n.失真, 变形, 扭曲

【同】contortion; deformation

【搭配】image distortion 图像失真; distortion factor 失真度

【例句】The article gave a distortion of the status of children in the orphanage. 文章所描述的孤儿院孩子的现状是失实的。

n.变形；失真；扭曲；曲解

【例句】People are more curious about bad news than good. Newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants. However, that can lead to significant distortions of perception.人们对坏消息比对好消息更好奇。报纸和广播为大众提供了他们想知道的。然而，那会导致认知上的严重扭曲。

317- diversify

v.(使)多样化

【同】vary

【例句】Farms began to diversify in the recent years. 近年来, 农业种植开始多样化。

-v.(使)多样化

【例句】 There are so many different TV programs showing every day on diversified channels; thus there are hundreds of TV presenters we can see.每天不同的电视频道播放着各种电视节目，因此我们可以看到许许多多的电视节目主持人。

318- domestic

a.家里的, 家庭的; 本国的; 驯养的

【同】internal; national

【搭配】domestic appliance 家用器具; gross domestic product(GDP) 国内生产总值; domestic market国内市场

【例句】It is surprising that the majority of apples are mostly grown for the domestic market. 令人惊讶的是, 大部分苹果的种植主要是为了满足国内市场的需求。

【要点】与domestic 有关的机场词汇：international airport 国际机场domestic airport 国内机场airport terminal 机场候机楼international terminal 国际航班候机楼domestic departure 国际航班出站international departure 国际航班出港

a.本国的；家庭的；驯养的

【搭配】domestic appliance 家用器具；gross domestic product(GDP)国内生 产总值；domestic market 国内市场；domestic violence_家庭暴力； domestic animals 家畜

【例句】Europe's leaders are due to meet in March to discuss the various energy proposals-try to avoid commitments that may hurt domestic energy companies.欧洲领导人将于三月份会面并讨论各种能源提案，试图避免作出可能会伤害到国内能源公司的承诺。

-a.本国的；家庭的；驯养的

【搭配】domestic appliance家用器具；gross domestic product(GDP)国内 生产总值；domestic market 国内市场；domestic violence 家庭暴力； domestic animals 家畜

【例句】

1. Serious water pollution means that water for domestic purposes has to be bought at high cost.严重的水污染意味着必须以高价购买饮用水。

2. Our evidence suggests that domestic trade was greater at all periods than external trade.我们掌握的证据表明，无论在哪个时期，国内贸易都要比对 外贸易发达。

【派生】domesticate(v.驯养；引进)

319- donate

英式发音? -美式发音? -注意英音和美音的重音位置不同 v.捐赠, 赠送

【同】make contribution

【搭配】donate money and material 捐赠钱和物资

【例句】I should also like to say if you do have books and stationeries to donate, it doesn't matter if they are new. 我还想说如果你有书和文具可以捐的话, 那么不管它们是否是新的都没关系。

320- donation

n.捐赠, 赠送; 捐赠物, 捐款

【同】contribution

【搭配】generous donation 慷慨的捐赠

【例句】A: We could get some donations.

B: We've applied for that, but in the end we decided to be self-sufficient.

321- dormancy

n.休眠; 催眠状态; 隐匿

【例句】That huge volcano erupted after twenty years of dormancy. 在长达20年的休眠期之后, 那座大火山又喷发了。

【要点】其形容词形式为dormant, 最常用词组为dormant volcano(休眠火山)。

-n.冬眠；蛰伏

【例句】 Hibernation, also known as "winter sleep", is a state of deep sleep or dormancy that an animal undergoes during the cold months of winter.蛰伏，又称“冬眠”，指动物在隆冬时处于深度睡眠或休眠的一种状态。

【要点】dormancy的形容词形式是dormant,指暂时不活动的、休眠的，如 dormantvolcano,含义是“休眠火山”。

322- drought

n.干旱, 旱灾

【例句】It was the worst drought on record. 这是有记载以来最严重的一次干旱。

n.干旱，旱灾；缺乏，枯竭

【搭配】 goal drought 进球荒；soil drought 土壤干旱；drought field 受干旱的田； great drought 大旱

1. They developed strategies for surviving harsh drought periods, decades

【例句】 of heavy rainfall or cold; adopted agriculture and stock-raising, which revolutionised human life; and founded the world's first pre-industrial civilisations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Americas.他们发展了在严酷的旱期、数十年的强降雨或严寒环境中生存的策略；采用了彻底改变人类生活的农业和畜牧业；并在埃及、美索不达米亚和美洲建立了世界上第一个工业前文明。

2. The government has pledged two hundred and fifty million dollars to help the drought stricken farmers.政府保证发放2.5亿美元的救济金以帮助遭受旱灾的农民。

【同义】aridity(n.干旱；乏味)；dryness(n.干，干燥；干燥度)

【派生】 droughtiness(n.干旱)；droughty(a.干旱的；旱灾的)

323- economy

n.节约; 经济

【搭配】market economy 市场经济; local economy 当地经济; economy class 经济舱; practice economies 厉行节约

【例句】The recent research shows the economy is declining. 最近的研究表明经济正处在衰退期。

【要点】注意economy, economical 和 economic 这三个词的发音区别。

324- electrical

a.电的; 电学的

【搭配】electrical fault 电器故障

【例句】The small battery-powered gadget can deliver subliminal electrical pulses to the skin.这种小的电池驱动装置可以向皮肤发出微小的电脉冲。

【要点】注意与单词electric(电动的)、electronic(电子的)之间的区别。

-a.有关电的；电气科学的

【搭配】electrical fault电器故障

【例句】

1. I have a Bachelor's Degree in Electrical Engineering, and I graduated from Peking University.我有电气工程学士学位，毕业于北京大学。

2. The electrical system in your house would be overloaded if you use too many electrical household appliances at the same time.如果你同时使用很多家用电 器的话，你家的电力系统就会超负荷。

325- embassy

n.大使馆

【搭配】the American Embassy in Paris 美国驻巴黎大使馆

【例句】Your visa application is being processed at the U. S. Embassy. 你的签证申请正在由美国大使馆处理。

【要点】这里介绍一些外交词汇：Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部diplomatic mission 使馆legation 公使馆consulate-general 总领事馆consulate 领事馆counsellor 参赞special envoy 特使

326- establish

v.建立, 设立; 安置, 安顿

【同】set up; start

【搭配】establish goals 树立目标; establish relations 建立联系

【例句】The tennis club was established two years ago by several young people. 这个网球俱乐部是两年前由几个年轻人创办的。

v.建立；确立

【搭配】 establish goals 树立目标；establish relations 建立联系

【例句】

1. The 17th century was a formative period in the establishment of scientific English. In the following century much of this momentum was lost as German established itself as the leading European language of science. 17世纪是科技英语形成的时期。在随后的一个世纪，由于德语被确立为欧洲科学领域最主要的语言，这一势头就消失了。

2. Although a proposal in 1664 to establish a committee for improving the English language came to little, the society's members did a great deal to foster the publication of science in English.虽然1664年建议设立改善英语的委员会的提议没什么结果，但学会成员为促进英文科学书籍的出版做了大量工作。

3. You may have to establish some new eating habits in order to keep healthy.为了保持健康，你需要养成一些新的饮食习惯。

-v.建立；确定

【例句】

1. This business was established in 1860.这家公司成立于1860年。

2. We cannot establish a simple, direct cause-and-effect relationship between media violence and social violence.在传媒暴力和社会暴力之间，我们不能建立简单、直接的因果关系。

327- ethical

a.道德的; 合乎道德的

【同】moral

【搭配】ethical standards 道德标准; ethical problems 道德问题

【例句】The behaviour is not strictly ethical. 严格地讲, 这种行为是不道德的。

a.伦理的；道德的；凭处方出售的 n.处方药

【搭配】 ethical standards 道德标准；ethical problems 道德问题

【例句】

1. Some recordings are made without the speakers knowing the fact-a procedure that includes very natural data, though ethical objections must be anticipated.有些录音是在说话者不知道的情况下录制的——这个过程记录下了十分自然的录制资料，但是道义上的质疑必须预见一下。

2. Selling pharmaceuticals is a daily exercise in ethical judgment. Salespeople walk the line between the common practice and bribing doctors to prescribe their drugs.销售处方药在道德判断上是一种日常锻炼。销售人员在常规的售药和贿赂医生开他们的药之间来回周旋。

-a.道德的；合乎道德的

【搭配】ethical standards 道德标准；ethical problems 道德问题

【例句】I love this place since people were all intelligent, ethical and hard working.我喜欢这个地方，因为每个人都很聪明、讲道德，也很努力。 同moral(a.道德的)

328- exile

n.流放, 流亡; 被流放者, 被放逐者 v.流放, 使流亡

【搭配】in exile 流放中; drive sb. into exile 流放某人

【例句】The former President was exiled for more than twenty years. 前总统被流放了20多年。

329- emission

n.(光、热等)的散发, 发射; 散发物, 发出物

【搭配】green house gas emission 温室气体排放; zero-emission cars 零排放车辆

【例句】The emissions of greenhouse gas are still increasing in many countries. 温室气体排放量仍然在增加。

【要点】这里介绍一些与环境有关的词汇：burning of fossil fuels 化石燃料的燃烧by-product 副产品forest destruction 森林破坏air pollutant 空气污染物atmospheric temperature 大气温度biosphere 生物圈

n.(光、热等的)散发；散发物

【搭配】 greenhouse gas emission 温室气体排放；zero-emission cars 零排放车辆

【例句】

1. Almost 400 mayors have signed an agreement to cut their cities' greenhouse gas emissions. 近四百名市长已经签署了一项协议，减少城市的温室气体排 放量。

2. Many people buy larger cars than their daily needs or waste energy by driving aggressively. Besides, global car use is increasing at a faster rate than the improvement in emissions and fuel efficiency.很多人买超过他们日常所需用途的大汽车，或过多驾车而浪费能源。此外，全球汽车的使用量增速很快，已经超过了改善废气排放率和燃油使用效率的速度。

3. The new fuel can save energy and cut carbon dioxide emissions.新型燃料可以节约能源，降低二氧化碳排放量。

-n.(光、热等的)散发；散发物

【搭配】green house gas emission 温室效应气体排放；zero-emission cars零排 放车辆

【例句】

1. In my opinion, all governments should greatly encourage the development and use of zero-emission cars.我认为，各个政府都应大力鼓励零排放汽车的开 发和使用。

2. The new fuel can save energy and cut carbon dioxide emissions.新型燃料能 节约能源，并减少二氧化碳的排放量。

【要点】"节能减排"是时下颇为流行的绿色生活方式，它的英文表达是energy conservation and emission reduction。在口语考试中，我们还需要掌握下 面的短语：carbon emissions(碳排放)，zero emissions(零排放；零废 弃)，industrial emissions(工业排放物)。

330- exotic

a.奇异的; 外来的; 异国情调的

【搭配】exotic experience 异国体验

【例句】The drama retains most of the novel's exotic flavour. 这部剧大体保持了那本小说的异国风味。

-a.外来的；外国的；奇异的

【搭配】exotic experiences 异国体验

【例句】

1. All I did there was feast my eyes on a wide variety of exotic vegetation I'd never known before. It is the biggest botanical garden I have ever been to.在那里，我将各种各样的异域植物尽收眼底。它是我去过的最大的植物园。

2. Their exotic apparel made them stand out from the locals.奇装异服把他们与 当地人区别开来。

【同义】)foreign(a.外国的，外来的)

【反义】 native(a.本国的，本地的)；indigenous(a.本土的)

331- enforce

v.实施, 执行; 强迫, 迫使坚持（要求、主张等）

【同】carry out

【搭配】enforce laws 执法; enforce a demand 坚持要求

【例句】The school decided to enforce the rules and regulations. 这所学校决定执行这项规章制度。

v.实施，执行；强制，迫使

【搭配】 enforce laws 执法；enforce a demand 竭力要求

【例句】

1. When children have had a major role in determining procedures, they are more likely to abide by and enforce them.若孩子们在程序的制定中起了重要的作用，他们就会更愿意遵守并执行这些程序。

2. Do they enforce that rule?他们执行那条规则了吗？

【派生】 enforceable(a.可实施的)；enforcement(n.执行；实施)

-v.实施；强制；加强

【搭配】enforce sth.on sb.强迫某人服从...；enforce laws 执法；enforce a demand 竭力要求

【例句】

1. Measures should be taken to enforce education for young people in judging right and wrong.需要采取措施，加强对青少年的教育，增强他们的是非观。

2. Do they enforce that rule?他们执行那条规定了吗？

【派生】 enforceable(a.可强制执行的)；enforcement(n.执行)

【同义】strengthen(v.加强)；compel(v.强制，强迫)

332- familiarize

v.使熟悉

【同】be familiar with

【搭配】familiarize yourself with sth. 使自己与·. ·熟悉

【例句】Read the flow chart to familiarize yourself with the task. 阅读流程图以熟悉自己的任务。

333- far-reaching

a.深远的; 广泛的

【同】in-depth

【搭配】far-reaching influence 深远的影响; of far-reaching importance 具有深远的意义

【例句】The new law will have far-reaching influence for all farmers. 新法律将对所有农民产生深远的影响。

【要点】相关词汇：rough 大致的intense 强烈的complete 完全的deadly 极度的burning 热烈的

334- farming

a.农业的, 农事的; 耕种的 n.农业, 农事

【搭配】farming products 农产品

【例句】The lecturer will say something about the organic farming. 演讲者将介绍有关有机农业的问题。

335- export

-名词发音? -动词发音? -注意名词发音? 和动词发音? 的重音位置 n.出, 出口; 出口商品 v.出, 出口

【搭配】export rebates 出口退税; export finance 出口信贷; export restriction 出口限制

【例句】In Africa, the feathers of ostriches were used for tribal ceremonial dress and they were also exported to Europe and America. 在非洲, 鸵鸟毛经常用在部落的典礼服饰上, 同时也出口到欧洲和美洲。

【要点】反义词为import。

v.输出，出口 n.出口；出口物

【例句】As a result, less transportation is required for every dollar's worth of imports or

exports.因此，每一笔进出口交易都必须降低运输成本。

【要点】export经常与import一起出现在有关经济或贸易类的阅读文章中。

336- fraud

n.欺诈, 诈骗; 骗子

【搭配】fraud scandal 诈骗丑闻; tax fraud 偷税漏税

【例句】His credit card is not acceptable because of fraud. 由于欺诈, 他的信用卡不能 使用。

n.诈骗；骗子

【例句】

1. Internet security experts have long known that simple passwords do not fully defend online bank accounts from determined fraud artists.网络安全专家早就知道简单的密码不能彻底防范蓄意诈骗者盗取网上银行账户。

2. Royal Bank of Scotland said that the bank had suffered no losses after the attacks and added: "RBS has extremely robust processes in place for the purpose of protecting our systems from fraud.”苏格兰皇家银行说，银行受攻击后没有遭受任何损失，并补充说：“苏格兰皇家银行有非常强大的程序，可以保护我们的系统免受欺诈。”

3. The votes are invalidated because of voter fraud.由于选民的欺骗行为，这些选票都作废了。

-n.诈骗；骗子

【例句】

1. The role government plays is to protect contracts, punish fraud and violence by appropriate laws, law enforcement and the courts.政府所扮演的角色是通过适合的法律、执法和法庭来保护契约、惩罚欺诈和暴力行为。

2. The votes are invalidated because of voter fraud.由于选民的欺骗行为，这些选票都作废了。

337- fund

n.资金, 基金; 专款, 现款 v.拨款

【同】capital

【搭配】raise funds 筹集资金; additional/extra fund 额外款项; mutual fund 互助基金

【例句】You could bring in funds for our organization.你可以为我们组织集资。

338- gadget

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.小巧的器械, 精巧的装置; 小玩意儿

【搭配】kitchen gadget 厨房的小炊具

【例句】We have tried out some of the latest gadgets on show. 我们试用了最近展出的一些小玩意儿。

339- finance

n.财政, 金融 v.为...提供资金

【同】fund

【搭配】college of finance and economics 财经学院; finance education 支付教育费用; raise finance for 为...提供资金

【例句】The company is facing the question of finance. 该公司正面临财政问题。

【要点】下面是和"钱"有关的短语：financial aid 资助tuition fee 学费living expense 生活费incidental expense 偶然费用scholarship 奖学金fellowship 助学金grant 助学金stipend 定期津贴; 固定奖学金

n.财政，金融；财务情况 v.为...提供资金

【例句】

1. Almost 70% of those in the survey could complete everyday activities ranging from eating and dressing unaided to complex tasks such as cooking and managing their finances.在被调查的人群中，约70%的人可以独立进行日常活动，从简单的吃饭、穿衣到复杂的烹饪以及管理自己的财务。

2. The Australian Sports Commission(ASC)finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women.澳大利亚体育运动委员会(ASC)为总计96项体育运动项目中的数千名表现突出的男女运动员提供了资助。

3. Opponents of smoking financed this study.反对吸烟的人资助了这项研究。

340- flourish

-英式发音? -美式发音? v.繁荣, 兴旺; 茂盛

【例句】The economy in the country is blooming and tourism is flourishing. 该国的经济繁荣, 旅游业兴旺。

v.繁荣；茂盛

【搭配】 with a flourish 夸张地；in full flourish 盛极一时

【例句】 Research in Britain has shown that "green consumers"continue to flourish as a significant group amongst shoppers.英国的调查表明，作为购物人群的重要组成部分，“绿色消费者”仍然很活跃。

-v.茂盛；繁荣；活跃而有影响力

【例句】

1. The entertainment and business of our city are flourishing, so that it attracts many people from across the country to come and invest here.我市的娱乐业和 商业正在繁荣发展，因此吸引了全国各地的人来这里投资。

2. Research in Britain has shown that "green consumers" continue to flourish as a significant group amongst shoppers.英国的调查表明，作为购物人群的重要组成部分，"绿色消费者"在持续发展壮大。

【同义】thrive(v.繁荣，茁壮成长)；prosper(v.兴旺；成功)

341- gallop

v./n. 奔驰, 飞跑

【同】rush

【搭配】at a gallop 以最快速度, 急速地

【例句】My sister set off at a gallop this afternoon.今天下午我姐姐匆忙地出发了。

342- gear

n.齿轮, 传动装置 v.调整, 使适合

【同】equipment

【搭配】gear to/towards 调整, 使适合

【例句】The exploitation of this new subject is moving into high gear. 这个新项目的开发正步入正轨。

n.齿轮 v.使适应，调整

【搭配】 gear change 变速杆，变速装置；gear to/towards 调整，使合适；gear the plan 调整计划

【例句】

1. The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was neither the descending weight that provided its motive force nor the gear wheels that transferred the power; it was the part called the escapement. 新式钟表具有革命性的方面不在于动力装置变轻，也不在于传输动力的齿轮，而在于称作摆轮的部件。

2. Single speed cycles are bikes with no variable gears.单速自行车就是无变速齿轮的自行车。

343- generate

v.产生, 发生

【同】produce

【搭配】generate electricity 发电

【例句】Tourism generates huge sums of wealth for local people. 旅游业为当地居民带来了巨额的财富。

v.发生；生成

【搭配】 generate electricity 发电

【例句】

1. This right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate healthcare resources are provided.这一权力让政府有义务和责任保证提供充足的医疗保健资源。

2. Compared with ordinary coal, new "clean"coals may generate power more efficiently.与普通煤相比，新型的“洁净”煤可能会提高发电效率。

344- government

-'t'的发音尽可能化 n.政府, 内阁; 管理, 支配; 政治, 政体

【同】administration

【搭配】under a government 在政府统治期间; in government 统治, 支配

【例句】Great reforms are unlikely under the present government. 当下, 政府不太可能做出大的改革。

345- habitat

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.(动物或植物的)栖息地, 住处

【搭配】natural habitat自然保护区

【例句】Unfortunately, only very small sections of the lion's former habitat remain.不幸的是, 这些狮子以前的栖息地只有一小部分还在。

n.栖息地，产地

【搭配】 natural habitat 自然栖息地

【例句】

1. Plant species become adapted to living in a certain kind of habitat, and in the process evolve many characteristics that prevent them from occupying other habitats.植物物种会适应生存在某一种特定的栖息地，并在这一过程中进化出许多特性防止它们占据其他的栖息地。

2. Pupils' responses indicate some misconceptions in basic scientific knowledge of rain forests' ecosystems, for example their ideas about rainforests as habitats for animals, plants and humans and the relationship between climatic change and destruction of rainforests.学生的反应表明了他们在雨林生态系统的基本科学知识上还有一些误解，例如他们把雨林当作动物、植物和人类的栖息地，以及气候变化和雨林破坏之间的关系。

3. They have focused their research on habitats they believe have escaped human influence.他们已将研究目标集中在他们认为不受人类影响的物种栖息地上。

346- harness

v.治理; 利用

【搭配】harness a river 治河; harness nuclear energy 利用核能

【例句】The dam stores water for such functions as the irrigation of crops and the harnessing of the force of gravity for the generation of electricity. 大坝的存水可以用来灌溉农作以及利用重力来发电等。

347- horrify

v.使恐惧, 使惊骇; 使反感

【例句】I had been horrified by several newspaper reports. 我对几篇新闻报道的内容感到震惊。

348- ignore

v.不顾, 不理, 忽视

【同】neglect

【搭配】ignore the fact 忽视事实

【例句】I cannot ignore the fact that too many extra curriculum activities will take lots of time. 我不能否认过多的课外活动会占用很多时间。

-v.不顾，忽视

【搭配】ignore the fact忽视事实

【例句】

1. If you ignore these instructions, this medicine could affect your heart rhythm.若不按说明服药，该药可能会影响心率。

2. I can't ignore my child's rudeness any longer.我的孩子粗暴无礼，我再也不能不闻不问了。

【要点】ignore是故意不予理睬，而neglect则是因粗心而忘记。

349- illegal

a.不合法的, 违法的

【同】unlawful

【搭配】illegal profit 非法利润; illegal drugs 毒品; illegal activities 非法活动

【例句】The police arrested the old lady for illegal possession of drugs. 警方以非法持有毒品为由逮捕了这位老妇人。

350- impact

-名词发音? -动词发音? -'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n./v.冲击, 碰撞; 影响, 作用

【同】effect; influence

【搭配】impact on 对...的影响; great impact 巨大的影响

【例句】The financial crisis has a major impact on the property industry. 金融危机对房地产业有很大的影响。

-n.影响，作用；冲击

【例句】

1. Some businessmen are mindless about the negative impact of pollution because cigarettes mean huge profit for them. Moreover, Cigarette smoking is considered to be a stress remover so most smokers refuse to quit this habit.一些商人对于污染的负面影响毫不关心，因为香烟对他们来说意味着巨大 的利润。另外，吸烟被认为能解除压力，所以大多数吸烟者拒绝改掉这个 习惯。

2. What impact does the location of the company or the workplace have on the company and the employees?公司的地理位置（或工作地点）对公司及员工有何影响？

3. Cigarette smoking has the same impact on smokers as it does on non-smokers.吸烟对吸烟者和不吸烟者具有同样的影响。

351- implement

v.使生效, 实施 n.工具

【同】execute; instrument; perform; utensil

【搭配】measuring implement 测量仪器

【例句】Policy makers struggle to define and implement appropriate legislation.政策的制定者们致力于制定和实施适当的法规。

v.使生效，实施 n.

【例句】

1. A similar effect was found from the implementation of the third strategy. Many of the nurses had not realized the impact their behavior was having on the organization and their colleagues.第三个策略的实施产生了相似的效果。很多护士还没有认识到他们的行为对组织和同事产生的影响。

2. Policy makers struggle to define and implement appropriate legislation.政策的制定者们致力于规定和实施适当的法规。

【同义】 perform(v.做，履行)；execute(v.执行，履行，实行)；utensil(n.用具)；instrument(n.仪器，器械，工具)

352- improvement

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.改进, 增进; 改进处

【同】advance

【搭配】improvement in 在...方面的改进、好转

【例句】His spoken English is well, but there's still room for some improvement. 他的英语口语不错, 但是还有提升的空间。

-n.改进，改善

【搭配】cause a distinct improvement in working conditions使工作环境得到明显 改善；home improvements 住宅装修

【例句】

1. I live in the new downtown area where the traffic system still needs improvement.我住在新城区，这里的交通系统仍需改善。

2. We seem to have some room for improvement in our operation system.我们似乎在操作系统上还有改进的余地。

353- inform

v.通知, 告诉; 告发, 告密

【搭配】inform sb. of/about sth. 通知, 告诉

【例句】The code informs us where and when a product was packaged. 这个代码告诉我们产品包装的地点和时间。

354- innovation

n.创新, 革新, 改革

【搭配】technological innovation 技术革新

【例句】An interest can drive your hunger for innovation.兴趣可以激起创新的渴望。

355- incentive

n.刺激, 动机

【同】impetus; motivation

【搭配】financial incentive 财务奖励; incentive plan 激励计划

【例句】Hypotheses provide the initiative and incentive for the inquiry. 假说促使人们主动去调查。

n.刺激；动机

【例句】

1. The non-financial incentive scheme did appear to assist in controlling absenteeism in the short term.非财务奖励方案短期内被用来辅助控制旷工现象。

2. Hypotheses provide the initiative and incentive for the inquiry.假设促使人们主动去调查。

【同义】motivation(n.刺激)；impetus(n.推动，促进，刺激)

356- incur

v.招致; 遭受

【搭配】incur debt 负债; incur losses 遭受损失

【例句】The manufacturer incurred a $4 million loss. 这个厂商遭受了400万美元的损失。

-v.招致，遭受

【搭配】incur debts 负债

【例句】 Jane has incurred the anger of her mother by marrying without her mother's consent.简没有经过母亲同意就结婚了，使母亲很生气。

【要点】incur指"致使"之意时，与它意思和用法相近的词有cause,intrigue等。

357- indifference

358- isolated

a.孤立的, 隔离的

【同】solitary

【搭配】isolated operation 单独运行; isolated area 孤立区域

【例句】Elderly people at social welfare house, without their children's accompany, easily feel socially isolated. 福利院的老人由于没有儿女的陪伴, 很容易感到被社会孤立。

359- junction

n.连接; 联结点; 交叉路口

【同】proximity

【搭配】transportation junction 交通枢纽; river junction 江河交叉点

【例句】The power station was built at the junction of two rivers. 发电站就建在两条河的交汇处。

360- juvenile

a.青少年的, 少年特有的; 幼稚的 n.未成年人, 少年

【同】immature

【搭配】juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪

【例句】The university is holding a lecture on juvenile delinquency. 该大学正在举行一场有关青少年犯罪的讲座。

a.少年的；幼稚的 n.未成年人

【搭配】 juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪

【例句】

1. A popular explanation of play has been that it helps juvenile animals develop the skills they will need to hunt, mate and socialize as adults.一种流行的解释是玩耍能帮助幼小的动物锻炼技能，即它们长大后需要的捕食、求偶和交流技能。

2. Juvenile delinquency has increased remarkably in the last decade.在过去的十年里，未成年人犯罪有明显的增长。

【同义】 childish(a.幼稚的)；immature(a 不成熟的)；youngster(n.少年，年轻人)

【要点】juvenile这个单词多用在分析社会现象类的文章中，常见的固定短语【搭配】有，juvenile delinquency“青少年犯罪”，juvenile period“少年期”和 juvenile offender“少年犯”等。

-a.少年的；幼稚的 -n.未成年人

【搭配】juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪；juvenile court 少年法庭；juvenile delinquent 少年犯

【例句】

1. Some books, films and TV programs with unhealthy information may poison the minds of juveniles.一些书籍、电影和电视节目充斥不健康的内容，这可 能会毒害未成年人的思想。

2. Juvenile delinquency has increased remarkably during the last decade.在过去 十年中，未成年人犯罪明显增多。

【同义】childish(a幼稚的)；immature(a.不成熟的)；youngster(n.少年，年轻人)

【要点】juvenile用法一般比较正式，尤其用在法律文书中，而juvenile delinquency(未成年人犯罪)也是雅思口语考试中可能涉及的内容。

361- intentional

a.存心的, 故意的

【搭配】intentional crime 故意犯罪

【例句】The delay of his lecture was not intentional but the professor was still angry. 虽然不是故意推迟他的演讲, 但是教授仍然生气。

362- lobby

n.大厅; 游说团 v.进行游说

【同】urge

【搭配】hotel lobby 宾馆大厅

【例句】They were lobbying for stronger environmental protection.他们在为加强环境保护而进行游说。

【要点】相关词汇：auditorium 礼堂vault 地窖dormitory 宿舍dwelling 住处

363- invade

v.侵犯, 侵入, 侵略, 侵袭; -invasion(n.入侵)

【例句】She sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue. 她坐在窗口, 凝视着夜幕渐渐笼罩在林荫道上。

-v.侵略；侵袭

【例句】 Japanese armies invaded Nanjing and committed many atrocities during the occupation.日本军队曾经入侵南京，在占领期间犯下了无数暴行。

364- mass

a.大规模的, 群众的 n.大量, 众多; 团, 块; 群众, 民众; 质量

【搭配】mass production 大规模生产

【例句】The entrance of the company was blocked by a solid mass of people. 公司入口处被一大群人堵得死死的。

365- media

n.媒体; 介质

【搭配】mass media大众传媒; media studies 媒体研究

【例句】Professor Lee is mainly engaged in media studies. 李教授主要从事媒体研究。

366- loyalty

n.忠诚, 忠心

【搭配】national loyalty 国家忠诚; loyalty card 忠诚卡

【例句】In the remote area, loyalties are still very important. 在那个偏远地区, 忠诚仍然很重要。

367- manufacture

n.(大量)制造, 制造业; 制造品, 产品 v.(大量)制造, 加工

【同】make; produce

【搭配】manufacture goods 制造商品

【例句】My brother works for a small company manufacturing plastic products. 我哥哥在一家制造塑料制品的小公司工作。

【要点】manufacturing(制造业)是雅思听力场景中较常出现的一个表示行业的词汇, 这里介绍其他几个常用的行业词汇：printing 印刷业sheep and cattle farming 牲畜养殖业farming 农业electronics 电子业fishing 渔业wine-making 酿酒业processing 加工业transportation 运输业

v.(大量)制造，生产 n.制造，制造业

【例句】

1. Today, it is finished manufactured products that dominate the flow of trade, and, thanks to technological advances, manufactured goods themselves have tended to become lighter and less bulky.如今，制成品在贸易流通中占主导地位，而且技术进步使制成品本身变得更加轻巧。

2. The locally manufactured wheelbarrows were still too expensive for all but a few of the households.本地产的手推车对于大家还是太贵，仅有少数一些家庭买得起。

3. Many automobile makers no longer manufacture cheap models.很多汽车制造商不再生产低价位车型。

【要点】make,fabricate,manufacture,produce这些词均有“制造”之意。make用法最广；manufacture和produce多用于生产制造，manufacture指机器大量制造；fabricate特指按照标准样式制作或把材料或部件组合成一个整体。

368- margin

n.差额, 差距; 页边空白; 边缘; 余地; 幅度

【同】edge

【搭配】by a small margin以极小优势

【例句】I've made some suggestions in the margins. 我在页边空白处写了一些建议。

369- medium

a.中等的, 适中的 n.中间, 适中; 媒介物, 介质

【搭配】medium sized 中等尺寸的

【例句】We could draw up a table and look at examples of each medium in turn.我们可以绘制一个表格, 依次来看看每个媒介的例子。

-n.媒介；媒体 -a.中等的

【搭配】medium sized 中等尺寸的

【例句】

1. Technology helps us learn, but it is not the medium of learning. It is summoned when needed.科技有助于我们学习，却并非学习的媒介，它只是在需要的时候才被用到。

2. I'm talking about whether each medium should serve different groups.我要谈的是是否每种媒体都应该为不同的群体服务。

【要点】medium一词表示"媒介、介质"时，复数形式为media,而表示"通灵的 人"时复数形式则为mediums。

370- miniature

n.缩图, 缩影; 小画像a. 小型的, 微小的

【搭配】in miniature 小规模的

【例句】The more recent images tend to be life size or even larger, but the Dynamic figures are painted in miniature. 较近代的图像通常和原物大小一样, 甚至更大一些, 而动感风格的图像则是缩小的。

【要点】miniature中的mini-也表示"小的", 即我们十分熟悉的"迷你"。但mini-不能单独使用, 需加在名词前面, 如：miniskirt, "迷你裙"

-a.微型的，小规模的 -n.缩图，微型画；微小模型

【例句】 Nanjing Road is located in Shanghai, known as No.1 Street in China. It is referred to as the miniature of the history and culture of Shanghai for a century.南京路位于上海，号称"中国第一街"。它被称做上海一个世纪的历史和 文化的缩影。

371- moisten

v.使潮湿

【同】dampen; humidify

【搭配】moisten one's clay 喝酒

【例句】The king moistened his lips nervously before he spoke in public. 在公开演讲前, 国王紧张地抿了抿嘴唇。

372- monopoly

n.垄断, 专卖

【例句】The monopoly capitalists grab fabulous wealth from the grain crisis. 这些垄断资本家从粮食危机中攫取大笔钱财。

373- morality

n.道德, 美德

【同】moral

【搭配】public morality公共道德

【例句】Mankind has undergone great improvement in intelligence or morality. 人类无论在智力还是在道德上都经历了巨大的进步。

374- narrator.

375- natural

a.正常的, 自然的; 自然界的, 天然的; 天赋的, 固有的

【搭配】natural disaster 自然灾害; natural scenery 自然景观

【例句】It's natural for an old man of his age to be so quiet. 像他这般年纪的老人如此安静是很正常的。

376- newsletter

n.时事通讯, 业务通讯

【例句】There's David West who has volunteered to be the club secretary, and one of the many jobs he will have is to send out newsletters to you regularly. 那位就是戴卫·维斯特, 他自愿作俱乐部秘书, 他的众多工作之一就是把时事通讯定期发送给你。

【要点】这里介绍一些电视广播类词汇：radio programme 广播节目news broadcast 新闻播报

377- occur

v.发生, 出现; 想起, 想到

【搭配】occur to 被想到

378- onward

a.向前的, 前进的

【同】forward

【搭配】onward march 前进的行程

【例句】The Romans left from the country in 410, and from then onward the country suffered a series of invasions. 罗马人在公元410年撤离, 随后, 这个国家遭受了一系列的侵略。

【要点】注意 onward 和 onwards 的读音区别。

379- originate

v.起源, 发生; 首创, 创造

【同】develop from

【搭配】originate in/from 起源于, 由...引起, 产生

【例句】A lot of our medicines originate from herbs. 我们的许多药品源自草本植物。

【要点】雅思听力考试的Section4经常会涉及某事物的发展史, 其中就会有起源、创始人（名字、国籍）、物品的名称、发展过程等。origin, originate常出现在此类场景中。

v.引起；创作；发源；发生

【例句】

1. High buildings originated in the US over a century ago to meet the demand for more economical use of land.一个世纪以前，为了节约用地，美国率先出现了高层建筑。

2. Cook came up with the theory that Polynesians originated from Asia, which was later proved to be correct by scientist Bryan Sykes.库克提出了波利尼西亚人来自亚洲的理论，后来科学家布赖恩...塞克斯证实了他的说法。

【派生】originator(n.创始人)；origination(n.开端)

-v.发源；发端；创造

【例句】

1. Both of them are in favor of drama originated from Henan Province of China. 他们都喜欢起源于中国河南省的戏剧。

2. Our research suggests that those processes originate in the basic organization of the country's economy. 我们的研究表明，这些历史进程源于该国经济的 基本组织形式。

380- percentage

n.百分数, 百分率, 百分比

【例句】A large percentage(24%) of people had had their car damaged in some ways. 相当一大部分比例(24%)的人的车辆都因为不同的原因遭到损坏, 这个比例大得惊人。

381- pesticide

n.杀虫剂, 农药

【搭配】pesticide free无农药的; pesticide residue 农药残留

【例句】The main factors that could be contributing to the decline of the species include acid rain and the spread of the pesticide residues. 导致这个物种灭绝的主要因素包括酸雨和农药残留物的扩散。

【要点】一些与农业相关的词汇：weed 除草rust 锈病manure/fertilizer 肥料spray 喷洒（农药）insecticide 杀虫剂

pest 害虫

-n.杀虫剂

【搭配】pesticide free 无农药的；pesticide residue农药残留

【例句】

1. Most of the pesticides in the market today remain inadequately tested for properties that cause cancer and mutations as well as for other adverse effects on health.现今市场上的大部分农药都没有经过充分地检验，测试其是否会对 健康有不良影响，以及会不会引发癌症、基因突变等。 民们纷纷将农药当作提高作物产量的有效方法。

【要点】pesticide由pest(n.害虫)加后缀 -cide(致死)组成，注意 pest 和 -cide 间要加字母i。insecticide 也是杀虫剂的意思，但指的是杀死昆虫(insect)的物质，而 pesticide 指的是杀死害虫的物质。

382- polish

n.擦光剂, 上光蜡 v.磨光, 擦亮; 修改, 润色

【同】wipe

【搭配】polish one's English 补习英语; polish furniture 抛光家具

【例句】

1. After the axe had been chipped into shape, the workers needed water and sand for grinding and polishing. 在斧子被削成形之前, 工人们需要用水和沙子来打磨与抛光。

2. The stone should be cut and polished. 这些石头应该被切开并打磨。

383- oversee

v.俯瞰, 眺望; 监督, 监视

【同】supervise

【搭配】oversee the project 监督这个项目

【例句】The department has formed a special team to oversee the product quality. 部门已经成立了一个特殊小组来监督产品质量。

【要点】注意 oversee 的含义为"监督", 而 overlook 的含义为"忽视", 不可混淆。

384- ozone

n.臭氧; 新鲜空气

【搭配】

ozone layer 臭氧层

【例句】The ozone layer can shield the earth from UV rays. 臭氧层可以使地球免于紫外线的伤害。

385- poll

n.民意测验; 投票, 得票; ［pl. ］大选 v.民意测验; 得票

【同】survey

【搭配】public opinion pol 民意调查; conduct a poll on对...进行调查, 就...投票

【例句】The team is conducting a poll among sophomores. 这个小组正在大二学生中进行民意调查。

【要点】总统大选一直是西方的热门话题, 这里介绍几个与大选有关的词汇：front-runner（领先者）: 在竞选或提名过程中被认为呼声最高或最有希望当选的候选人。horse race（赛马）: 以人们观看赛马时的激动情绪来形容竞选活动。这个词也指媒体对选情的报道, 即往往侧重候选人在民意测验中所处的位置——好像他们是场上的赛马。

386- population

n. 人口

【搭配】population explosion 人口爆炸; population control 人口控制

【例句】There is still a large portion of the world population living in poverty. 世界上还有一大部分人生活在贫困中。

387- pottery

n.陶器, 陶瓷器皿; 陶瓷制造（术）; 陶瓷厂

【搭配】a pottery bowl 瓷碗

【例句】The design is always on ancient pottery. 这种设计经常出现在古代陶器上。

【要点】下面介绍一下与陶瓷有关的词汇：ceramic material 陶瓷材料glaze 釉gild 镀金art ware 工艺品glazed tile 琉璃瓦enamel 搪瓷, 珐琅potter 陶工celadon 青瓷carving 雕刻

388- poverty

n.贫穷, 贫困

【搭配】live in poverty 生活在贫困中; combat poverty 和贫困作斗争; poverty line贫困线

【例句】People in this area were ground down by illness and poverty. 这个地区的人们受着疾病和贫穷的折磨。

【要点】拼写时注意和property的区别。

389- prey

n.被捕食的动物, 捕获物; 牺牲品, 战利品 v.捕食; 折磨, 使烦恼

【搭配】prey on insects 以捕食昆虫为生

【例句】Most animals hunt their prey by means of their eyesight. 大多数动物靠视觉捕猎。

【要点】和 pray 发音一样, 注意拼写上的区别。

390- primitive

a.原始的, 远古的, 早期的; 粗糙的, 简单的

【搭配】primitive society 原始社会; primitive measuring method 原始的测量方法

【例句】They have primitive lifestyle and live deep in the forest. 他们住在森林深处, 生活方式原始。

a.原始的，早期的；简单的

【搭配】 primitive society 原始社会；primitive measuring method 原始的测量方法

【例句】

1. Tremendous efforts, quickened during two world wars, were needed before the technology of primitive rocketry could be translated into the reality of sophisticated astronauts.在两次世界大战的推动下，科学家们干劲冲天，这是实现原始火箭技术的转化所必需的，这样才有可能造就掌握尖端科技的宇航员。

2. Studies of primitive societies suggest that the earliest method of making fire was through friction.对原始社会的研究表明，人们最早是通过摩擦取火的。

【要点】在阅读中，要注意primitive与其形似词primary的区别，它们的侧重点分别是：primitive强调“原始，初始”，而primary强调“首要，重要”。

391- profit

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.利润, 收益, 益处 v.得益, 获益

【同】gain

【例句】Space Management is now a sophisticated method of manipulating the way we shop to ensure maximum profit. 目前, 空间管理是通过操纵我们的购买行为来确保利润最大化的一种复杂的方法。

392- profound

a.深刻的, 意义深远的; 渊博的, 造诣深的

【同】significant

【搭配】a profound sleep 酣睡; a profound idea深刻的思想

【例句】All these factors may have profound effects on world sea levels and ocean currents. 所有这些因素都可能会对世界的海平面与洋流产生巨大影响。

a.深奥的；深远的

【搭配】 a profound sleep 酣睡；a profound idea 深刻的思想

【例句】

1. We fail to understand the profound effects of our emotions on what we want, and we overvalue what we already own.我们无法理解情绪对于需求的深远影响，而且我们还高估了自身所拥有之物。

2. Globalization makes very profound changes in modern lifestyles.全球化使现代人的生活方式发生了深刻的变化。

【同义】abstruse(a.深奥的)；esoteric(a.深奥的，难以理解的)

【反义】 shallow(a.肤浅的；浅薄的)

【要点】 除了要了解profound的用法，还应该多注意其副词形式profoundly(深刻地，极度地)，这个单词在雅思阅读中也经常出现，强调程度，其【同义】词是 deeply

-a.深奥的；深远的；极度的，深深的

【搭配】a profound sleep 酣睡； a profound idea 深刻的思想

【例句】

1. The movie contains a variety of humorous material as well as a lot of profound theories.这部电影有各种笑料，同时也蕴含了许多深刻的道理。

2. He is a great artist because of his profound achievement in combination of the field of folk art and traditional art.他是一位伟大的艺术家，因为他在民间艺术和传统艺术相结合的领域内取得了极大的成就。

3. Globalization has made very profound changes in modern lifestyles.全球化 使现代人的生活方式发生了深刻的变化。 abstruse(a.深奥的)；esoteric(a.深奥的，难以理解的) shallow(a.肤浅的，浅薄的)

393- powerful

a.强大的, 有力的; 有权的

【同】influential; strong

【搭配】powerful argument 有力的论据; powerful influence重大的影响

【例句】London became one of the most powerful and prosperous cities in Europe. 伦敦成为欧洲实力最强且最繁华的城市之一。

394- precise

a.精确的, 准确的

【同】exact

【搭配】to be precise 准确地说

【例句】In the eleventh century, in 1066 to be precise, the Normans conquered England. 在11世纪, 确切地说是1066年, 诺曼人占领了英格兰。

a.精确的，准确的；严谨的

【搭配】 to be precise 准确地说；precise measurement 精确测量

【例句】

1. The motion of a pendulum rocks this device so that it catches and then releases each tooth of the escape wheel, in turn allowing it to turn a precise amount.钟摆摆动会带动这个装置，该装置就可以抓住再释放擒纵轮的每个轮齿，反过来使钟摆能够精确摆动。

2. The nature of the ripples allows astronomers to calculate a star's precise mass, age and chemical composition.波纹的性质让天文学家能计算出恒星的准确质量、年龄及化学成分。

3. The company serves its clients with professional and precise attitudes.该公司本着专业和严谨的态度为客户服务。

【派生】 precision(n.精度)

【要点】precise和accurate两者都有“精确的”的含义，在雅思阅读科技类文章中，它们经常出现，可以替换使用。如：Longitude was more difficult to measure accurately because it requires precise knowledge of the time difference between points on the surface of the earth.经度更难准确测量，因为这需要精确了解地球表面两点间的时间差。

395- raise

v.举起, 提高; 增加; 饲养, 养育; 引起; 竖起;提出, 发起

【同】lift up

【搭配】raise fund 集资; raise money 筹钱

【例句】The base could be raised or lowered into two different positions making it safe as well as convenient. 这个底座可以被调节成高低两种不同的位置, 既安全又方便。

396- proportion

n.比例; 部分, 份儿; 均衡, 相称

【搭配】in/out of proportion to. 与·. （不）成比例; proportion of·. 的比例; take a small proportion占很小的比例

【例句】A significant proportion of the lion's diet is. made up of the livestock of these farmers—goats, chickens and so on.狮子绝大部分的食物来自这些农民的家畜, 有山羊、鸡等。

-n.比例；部分；相称

【搭配】in proportion(to)(与....)成比例；in/out of proportion to sth.与某物（不）成 比例；proportion of...的比例；take a small proportion占少量比例

【例句】

1. Researchers, now analysing the results of data gathered in 1994, say arthritis, high blood pressure and circulation problems-the major medical complaints in this age group are troubling a smaller proportion every year.目前，研究人员正在分析1994年搜集的数据，指出关节炎、高血压及血液循环等这个年龄段 易发疾病影响的人口比例在逐年减小。

2. New Zealand takes a small proportion of the crop and they're mostly grown for the domestic market.新西兰只生产一小部分这种作物，而且其中大部分供应给了国内市场。

【同义】 percentage(n.比例)

397- prosperous

a.繁荣的, 兴旺的

【搭配】a prosperous city 兴旺发达的城市

【例句】My grandfather once was a prosperous British businessman.我祖父曾经是一位富有的英国商人。

-a.繁荣的，兴旺的

【搭配】a prosperous city 繁荣的城市

【例句】 Standing even in the most prosperous area, maybe you would have the illusion of standing in a greenery garden. And certainly, if I get another chance, surely I will go there again. 即使站在最繁荣的地区，你也可能会产生一种幻觉，好像置身于一个绿色花园中。当然，如果有机会我一定会再去那里的。

398- protect

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 v.保护, 保卫

【搭配】protect from 保护免于...

【例句】The apartment on the ground floor isn't as protected as others. 一楼的公寓不像其他的楼层那样有保护措施。

399- publicity

n.宣传, 宣扬; 公众的注意, 名声

【搭配】seek publicity 想出风头

【例句】The organization launched a publicity campaign on a large scale. 这个机构发动了一场大规模的宣传活动。

-n.为公众所知；宣传

【搭配】seek publicity 引起公众注意；a publicity campaign 宣传活动；the glare of publicity 受公众注目；publicity agent 宣传代理人

【例句】

1. This would last much longer than those who build their name by publicity.这比那些通过宣传造势获得名气的人持久得多。

2. In return for publicity to gain even more fame and money, celebrities sell part of their personal lives. 名人们在通过宣传获得更高人气和更多金钱的同时，也付出了他们部分的私人生活。

【同义】advertising(n.宣传)

400- ration

n.配给量, 定量; 给养, 口粮 v.配给供应, 定量供应; 对...实行配给, 向...提供给养

【搭配】the weekly meat ration 每周的肉量配给; be on ration 定量

【例句】The food is on ration during the war. 战争期间, 食物实行配给。

401- raw

a.自然状态的, 未加工过的; 未煮过的, 生的; 生疏无知的, 未经训练的; （伤口等）未愈的, 流血的

【同】natural; wild

【搭配】raw material 原材料

【例句】The availability of raw materials in this village made it sustainable for industry from a very early time. 这个村子可提供原材料, 这使得它在早期就持续发展工业。

402- recycle

v.回收利用, 再利用

【例句】The local government tried hard to recycle the daily waste. 当地政府努力回收日常垃圾。

-v.回收利用

【搭配】recycle newspaper 回收旧报纸；recycled glass再造的玻璃

【例句】

1. Governments can encourage such actions by putting taxes on packaging, such as plastic bags, by providing recycling centres or fining households and shops that do not attempt to recycle their waste.政府可以通过对塑料袋等包装征税，提供回收处，或处罚那些不愿回收自己的废弃物的家庭和商店等措 施，来鼓励这种行为。

2. The man collects the waste bin and deposits the waste into a shredder for recycling.这个人把垃圾箱收集起来，把垃圾倒进搅碎机进行回收利用。

【同义】reclaim(v.回收)

【要点】环保类话题常涉及列举一些具体的环保措施，如recycle(回收利用)，reuse(重新使用)，garbage classification/waste sorting(垃圾分类)等，可以联系起来一起记忆。

403- referee

n.裁判（员）; 仲裁人, 调停人; 证明人, 介绍人 v.裁判; 仲裁, 调停

【同】judge

【搭配】to be the referee of a game 成为一项运动的裁判

【例句】Instead of spending much time refereeing between the two students, I went to the library. 我没有为调停这两名学生花费太多的时间, 而是去了图书馆。

404- regional

a.局部范围的; 地方（性）的, 区域性的; 全地区的, 整个地区的

【同】local

【搭配】regional accent 地方口音

【例句】King Street is for regional services. 国王街是区域服务之地。

405- regulate

v.管制, 控制; 调节, 校准; 调整

【同】control

【搭配】regulate the traffic 交通管制; regulate one's spending 控制开支

【例句】More than 300 dams regulate river flow along the country. 这个国家有三百多座大坝调节河水流动。

v.控制；调节

【搭配】 regulate the traffic 交通管制；regulate one's spending 控制开支

【例句】

1. Nearly all computers contain a quartz-crystal clock to regulate their operation.几乎每台电脑都有一个石英钟在调控它的运行。

2. The Supreme Court may give a mixed ruling, decreeing that carbon dioxide is indeed a pollutant, but one the EPA is free to ignore or regulate as it pleases.最高法院可能会做出一个含糊的判决，判定二氧化碳确实是污染物，但环保局可以依据喜好自行决定是忽略它还是监控它。

3. More than 300 dams regulate river flows around the country.在全国，有300多座大坝控制着河流。

【派生】regulator(n.调节器)；regulation(n.规章)

-v.规定；控制；调节

【搭配】regulate the traffic 交通管制；regulate one's spending 控制开支

【例句】

1. This law does not allow any misleading advertisements, or advertisements which contain unhealthy information. In addition, it also regulates about the timing and the periods about the advertisements.这项法律不允许有任何误导性的或包含不健康信息的广告出现。此外，它还对广告播放的时间和时长 作了规定。

2. More than 300 dams regulate river flows around the country. 300多座大坝控制着全国河流的流动。

406- relation

n.关系, 联系; 亲属, 亲戚

【同】link

【搭配】in/with relation to 关系到; have no relation to 与...没有关系; diplomatic relation 外交关系; international relation 国际关系

【例句】The relation between students and teachers is generally good in this high school. 这所高中里师生间的关系总体来说很好。

407- release

n.发表, 发布 v.释放, 解脱; 发表, 发行

【同】let go

【搭配】release news 发布新闻

【例句】The movie is scheduled for release a fortnight later. 这部电影安排在两周后上映。

n./v.释放；放开；发行

【搭配】 release news 发布新闻；a press release新闻稿

【例句】

1. The World Wide Fund for Nature issued a press release entitled: "Two thirds of the world's forests lost forever ”.世界自然基金会发布了一份标题为《世界上三分之二的森林永远消失了》的新闻稿。

2. It was said that the native people of Central America would collect a type of click beetle and release them indoors to light up their huts.据说中美洲的土著人会收集一种叩头虫，把它们放在屋里给小屋照明。

3. You can make the machine release the toy by pressing the correct one of two buttons.你只要按下这两个按钮中正确的那个，机器就会放下玩具。

408- relief

n.(痛苦等)减轻, 解除; 援救, 救济

【搭配】to one's relief 令...感到欣慰的是

【例句】The relief material was flown to the flood-hit districts. 救灾物资被空运到洪灾区。

409- reluctant

a.不情愿的, 勉强的

【同】unwilling

【例句】It was a very remote village and some of them were reluctant to speak to me. 那是个遥远的村庄, 而他们中的一些人不愿意和我交谈。

-a.不情愿的，勉强的；顽抗的

【例句】

1. Harry Potter made me fond of reading. I was reluctant to read any books when I was a child, but once I started Harry Potter I could not even stop.《哈利...波特》使我爱上了读书；我小时候不喜欢读任何书，但是每当我读《哈利... 波特》时，甚至有点爱不释手。

2. At present, many people go abroad through various ways, instead of staying home. Since the person respectively is ambitious, no one can be reluctant!现在很多人通过各种途径出国,而不是留在国内。既然人各有志,这是不能勉 强的！

410- remit

n.职权范围

【同】sphere

【搭配】The committee has been given a remit to improve the efficiency of the system. 委员会有权提高系统的效率。

411- rescue

v./n.营救, 援救

【同】save

【搭配】rescue sb. from danger 营救某人脱险; rescue work 营救工作

【例句】In Sydney, a group of people were successfully rescued from a plane which landed in the sea shortly after take-off. 在悉尼, 一群人被成功地从一架刚起飞就坠入大海的飞机上营救出来。

412- reveal

v.揭露, 泄露; 揭示; 展现, 显示

【同】expose; show

【搭配】reveal secret 泄露秘密

【例句】Questionnaire data tends not to reveal anything unexpected. 调查问卷的数据不可能揭示任何意料之外的信息。

【要点】听力考试中有些考生会混淆 review 和 reveal 注意区分。

v.揭露；泄露；展现

【搭配】 reveal secret 泄露秘密

【例句】

1. The implication was that the ganzfeld method had revealed real evidence for telepathy.这意味着超感官知觉全域测试法揭示了心灵感应的证据。

2. Most of the subjects would probably never have given much thought to odour as a cue for identifying family members before being involved in the test, but as the experiment revealed, even when not consciously considered, smells register.大部分受试者在测试之前，可能从未想过将气味当成识别家庭成员的线索，但正如实验所示，即使他们没意识到，气味的确起作用了。

3. The Human Genome Project will reveal a new human anatomy -the complete genetic blueprint for a human being.人类基因组计划将开启人类解剖学的新篇章——描绘完整的人类基因蓝图。

-v.揭示，揭露；泄露；展现

【搭配】reveal a secret 泄露秘密

【例句】

1. The first point I want to talk about here is what this program is about. To make a long story short, it serves to reveal the relationship between humans and nature.在此我想讲的第一点是这个程序是关于什么的。长话短说，它被用 来揭示人与自然的关系。

2. The Human Genome Project will reveal a new human anatomy -the complete genetic blueprint for a human being.人类基因工程将开启人类解剖学的新篇章——描绘完整人类基因的蓝图。

413- revenue

n.收入; 财政收入; 税收

【搭配】anticipated revenue 预期收入; financial revenue 财政收入; tax revenue税收

【例句】The company's fiscal revenue increased by 15% in the first eight months of this year. 这个公司今年前八个月的财政收入增长了15%。

414- risk

n.冒险; 风险 v.冒险

【同】venture

【搭配】run/take. the risk of 冒...的风险; at the risk of 冒着...的危险

【例句】According to statistics, the future of the species is at risk. 数据显示, 这一物种的未来不容乐观。

415- scandal

n.丑事, 丑闻; 恶意诽谤; 流言蜚语; 反感, 愤慨

【搭配】financial scandal 财政丑闻

【例句】The scandal destroyed the government's image completely. 这个丑闻完全破坏了政府的形象。

416- scatter

v.(使人或动物)散开, 驱散; 散布, 散播

【同】disperse; spread

【搭配】scatter ... over. 把...撒在...上面

【例句】The hunter-gatherer economy which existed beforehand was based on small scattered groups. 这种先前存在的狩猎——采集的经济模式的基础是小而分散的群体。

v.散播；（使）散开

【搭配】 scatter sth. over sth.把...撒在....；scatter strength 分散精力

【例句】

1. A violent volcanic eruption can blow the top a few kilometers off a mountain, scatter fine ash all over the globe and hurl rock fragments into the stratosphere to darken the skies a continent away.一次猛烈的火山爆发足以把山顶之下几公里的山体炸飞，把细灰散播到全世界，并将岩石碎片投入到平流层，从而使相隔一个大陆之外的天空都变暗。

2. On the table was a pile of books and a scatter of papers.桌子上放着一摞书和零落的几份报纸。

417- settle

v. 安顿; 定居; 解决; 平静

【搭配】settle down 定居, 过安定的生活; 平静下来, 定下心来

【例句】Plenty of newcomers settled in the East End from abroad.大量从国外来的新居民在东区定居下来。

-v.定居；安顿；解决

【例句】

1. The trip to Dalian took us about ten hours by train and we got settled into a hotel near the train station and then had dinner when we got there.那次去大 连坐火车花了十个小时，到了那里后，我们在火车站附近的旅馆住下，然 后吃了晚餐。

2. They are offspring of the first Europeans who settled in China.他们是最早在 中国定居的欧洲人的后裔。

418- steam

n.（蒸）汽, 气雾 v.冒蒸汽; (火车、轮船)行驶; 蒸煮

【搭配】steam engine 蒸汽机

【例句】The old train is powered by steam engine. 老式的火车由蒸汽机驱动。

【要点】考试中曾经出现过一个关于 steam engine ship (蒸汽船)的讲座, 词组steam-engine 会连读。

419- shortage

n. 不足, 缺少

【搭配】financial shortage 缺钱

【例句】There was a shortage of accommodation at the university. 这所大学住宿紧张。

-n.不足，缺少

【搭配】financial shortage 经费短缺；a shortage of spare time缺少空闲时间

1. It is often reported that some poor countries can build up a new dam or power plant that can be used to solve the problem of local water shortages and lack of electricity with the help of funds offered by rich countries.常有报道声称，在富裕国家的资助下，一些贫穷国家能新建大坝来解决缺水问题，或建发电 厂来解决电力短缺的问题。

2. The development project was greeted because of Holland's chronic shortage of land.由于荷兰的可用地长期不足，所以这一开发项目在那里颇受欢迎。 deficiency(n.缺少)

【要点】在雅思口语考试中，常会涉及环境、资源及环保类的话题，因此常会用到 "短缺、缺乏"这个意思，表示"缺乏"除了shortage of,还有lack of及 deficiency in.

420- social

a.社会的; 交际的

【搭配】social workers 社工, 志愿者; social network 社交网络

【例句】The international students came from a variety of social classes. 那些留学生来自各种社会阶层。

421- secretary

n. 秘书; 书记; 部长, 大臣

【搭配】Secretary of State 国务大臣, 国务卿

【例句】I felt just like your secretary. 我感觉就像你的秘书一样。

422- secure

a.安全的, 可靠的 v.得到, 获得; 防护, 保卫

【同】safe

【搭配】be secure from interruption 不受打扰; secure from 不受…

【例句】The person won his eighth Olympic gold medal, and secured his place in history. 那个人赢得了他的第八块奥运金牌, 并巩固了其在历史上的地位。

423- succeed

v.成功; 继承, 接替

【搭配】succeed in doing sth. /sth. 在(做) ... 中取得成功

【例句】It is important that you know what kind of qualities you need to succeed in jobs. 知道要想工作成功应具备何种素质很重要。

424- sufficient

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 a.足够的, 充分的

【同】enough

【搭配】self sufficient 自给自足的; be sufficient for 足够的, 充分的

【例句】The professor needed sufficient time to deal with the problem. 教授需要充足的时间来处理该问题。

a.足够的

【例句】

1. The increased productivity from farmland made some countries self-sufficient in grain and livestock, and effectively protected people against famine.农田增产使得一些国家在粮食和牲畜上能够自给自足，并有效地保护人们免受

饥荒。

2. The earliest tribes had a system of numeration that, though not advanced, was sufficient for the tasks that they had to perform.最早的部落有一个计算系统，尽管不够先进，但对于他们必须执行的任务来说也足够了。

3. Discipline is a necessary, but certainly not a sufficient condition for learning to take place.纪律是有必要的，但绝对不是保证学习成效的充分条件。

【同义】adequate(a.足够的)；ample(a.足够的；丰富的)；plenty(a.足够的，充裕的)

-a.足够的

【搭配】be sufficient for 对于...足够

【例句】

1. In other words, it is essential for governments to build the appropriate educational systems and also provide sufficient school funding.换句话说，政府要建立合适的教育体系，并提供足够的教学经费，这很重要。

2. Children's limited natural gift will disappear soon without sufficient nurture.如果没有充分的培养，孩子们有限的天赋很快就会消失殆尽。

【派生】 sufficiency(n.充足)

【同义】enough(a.足够的)；adequate(a.足够的)

【反义】 insufficient(a.不足的)

425- tackle

v.对付, 处理

【同】treat

【搭配】tackle sb. about/over sth. 就某事同某人交涉

【例句】The traffic police are determined to tackle traffic jams during the rainstorm as soon as possible. 交警决定尽快处理暴雨期间的交通问题。

-n.装备；用具 -v.处理，应付

【例句】

1. The reason why this topic is tackled in speaking tests is that the problem is huge and needs to be solved immediately. 这个话题在口语考试中涉及的原因是，这个问题很严重而且需要尽早解决。

2. If both the issues were tackled properly in the countryside, the gap between the city and the countryside would be overwhelmed.如果农村地区的两个问题都得到妥善解决，城乡差距是可以克服的。 同. deal with(处理)

426- tendency

n.趋向, 趋势

【同】inclination

【搭配】tendency to do. 做...的趋势; tendency towards. ...的趋向, ...的趋势

【例句】The traditional therapy is effective but has a tendency to cause side effect. 这种传统的疗法很有效, 但是可能会带来副作用。

n.倾向，趋向

【搭配】 tendency to do sth. 做...的趋势； tendency towards sth. ...的趋向，...的趋势

【例句】

1. They set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct.他们开始利用群体效应来强化人们购买更多商品的趋势。

2. The effort to clean-energy cars may do little to cut pollution if nothing is done about the tendency to drive them more.若不采取措施遏制汽车使用率提高的趋势，再怎么努力研发、推广清洁能源汽车对减少污染也不会起到什么作用。

【同义】trend(n.趋势)

427- territory

n.领土, 版图; 领域, 范围

【同】dominion

【例句】Soldiers defended their territory fiercely. 士兵们激烈地捍卫他们的领地。

-n.领土，领域；范围

【例句】China is a country with a vast territory, and on this land there are thousands of different wild animals.中国是一个幅员辽阔的国家，在这片土地上生活着成 千上万种不同的野生动物。

428- threaten

v.恐吓, 威胁; 预示; 可能来临

【同】be a danger to

【搭配】be threatened with sth. 被某物吓到

【例句】Despite living in a sanctuary, which makes them safe from hunters, the animals still face a number of problems that threaten their survival. 尽管生活在禁猎区可以免遭捕猎, 但是这些动物仍然面临着很多危及它们生存的问题。

v.威胁；是...的征兆

【例句】

1. The decline of Europe's forests over the last decade has led to an increasing awareness of the serious imbalances which threaten them.在过去的十年里，欧洲的森林面积减少，这增强了人们对威胁到自身的严重失衡的意识。

2. Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries.无论是富国还是穷国，水土流失都会威胁土地的生产力。

429- utilize

v.利用, 使用

【同】avail; employ

【搭配】utilize for 用于

【例句】We all wish that the recyclable resources at our disposal could have been better utilized. 我们都希望现在的可循环资源可以得到更好的利用。

-v.利用

1. Doing art and music allows children to use the right brain. It is definitely a lot better if children utilize their time by doing art than by watching a lot of TVprogrammes.艺术和音乐让孩子们使用右脑，所以如果孩子们利用时间学 习艺术，肯定要比看大量的电视节目好。

2. I want to find a job that would fully utilize my professional knowledge.我希望找到一份能充分运用我的专业知识的工作。

【派生】 utilization(n.利用)

430- trigger

n.扳机 v.引发, 导致

【例句】Studying overseas can trigger a personal crisis. 留学可能会引发个人危机。

n.扳机 v.引发，导致

【例句】

1. Researchers believe social situations, instead of cognitive events such as jokes, trigger these instinctual markers of play or appeasement.研究人员认为是社交情境，而非诸如笑话的认知事件，引发这些玩乐或安抚的本能标志。

2. Breeding in most organisms occurs during a part of the year only, and so a reliable cue is needed to trigger breeding behavior.大部分生物只在一年的特定时期进行繁殖，因此需要一个可靠的刺激来触发繁殖行为。

3. The earthquake triggered an avalanche of snow and ice.地震引发了一场雪崩。

【同义】stimulus(n.刺激物)；initiate(v.发起，开始)；cause(v.引起，导致)

【要点】trigger本意为“扳机或引爆装置”，作动词时，引申为“引发某事的发生”，常指突发事件，在雅思阅读中，trigger的引申义使用的更多。

431- valuable

a.贵重的, 有价值的 n. 贵重物品, 财宝

【搭配】valuable belongings 贵重的财产

【例句】The province is abundant in valuable resources. 该省有价值的资源十分丰富。

432- time-scale

n.时标

【同】length of time

【例句】We can make a time-scale for the project. 我们可以为该计划做一个时标。

433- verdict

-'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n. 裁定; 定论; 判断; 意见

【同】judgement

【搭配】court verdict 判词, 法院的裁定

【例句】The judge will announce the court verdict tomorrow. 法官明天将宣布法院的裁定。

434- traditional

a.传统的, 惯例的; 口传的, 传说的

【同】conventional

【搭配】traditional view传统观点; traditional industry传统工业; traditional method 传统方法

【例句】Rosewood is a pure example of a traditional country house of this part of England, 花梨木建筑是英国这个地区传统的乡间别墅的典型代表。

-a.传统的；惯例的

【搭配】traditional view 传统观点；traditional belief 传统信条；traditional method传统方法

【例句】

1. Beijing is in the northern part of the North China Plain, surrounded by mountains on the north, east and west. It blends the traditional outlook and the spectacular view of the modern metropolis.北京位于华北平原北部，北、东、西三面环山。它融合了传统风貌和现代大都市的独特景色。

2. Though we live in a modern society, we must follow some traditional values.尽管我们生活在一个现代社会中,我们必须遵循某些传统价值观。

435- transaction

n.办理, 处理; 交易, 业务; 会报, 学报

【例句】The teller told me that the computer system was temporarily down, so they couldn't do any transactions. 出纳员告诉我计算机系统暂时出现故障, 所以他们不能处理任何业务。

436- victim

n.牺牲品, 受害者

【同】sacrifice

【搭配】fall victim to 成为…的牺牲品; 成为…的受害者

【例句】We are collecting money for the victims in the accident. 我们正在为在事故中受害的人筹款。

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437- ## 4-新生报到篇 @k1 review-2

438- allow

v.允许, 同意; 考虑

【同】agree to

【搭配】allow for 考虑到; allow to do允许做

【例句】I was wondering whether students are allowed to park their cars on campus or not. 我想知道是否允许学生把车停在校园内。

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-v.允许；给予；留出

【搭配】allow for sb./sth.将...考虑在内；allow sb. in 允许某人进入；allow of sth. 对某事物留有余地，容许

【例句】

1. My parents allow me to buy my own clothes.我父母允许我自己买衣服。

2. The new law does not allow any misleading advertisements, or advertisements that contain unhealthy information, such as violence, pornography and negative life attitudes.新法律不允许出现任何具有误导性的或者含有不健康信息的广 告，如暴力、色情以及消极的生活态度。

【派生】allowable(a.许可的)

【同义】permit(v.容许)

【反义】 forbid(v.禁止)；prohibit(v.禁止)；disallow(v.驳回)

【要点】allow的常用搭配是allow sb. to do sth和allow doing sth.,二者都表示允许做 某事。

439- accommodation

n.住处, 膳宿; 适应, 调节

【搭配】student accommodation 学生宿舍; accommodation facilities 住宿设施

【例句】

A: How about accommodation? I guess that's not included in the price of the tour.

B: No, I'm sorry, it's not.

【要点】accommodation 在作"住处, 膳宿"讲时常用复数, 在雅思听力考试中常出现在住宿情景中, 涉及的相关内容有rent(租, 租借)、landlord/landlady(房东) 等。雅思真题Section 1中出现过关于填写Accommodation Form(住宿表)的考题。

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-n.住处，膳宿；适应；调解

【搭配】student accommodation 学生宿舍；accommodation facilities 住宿设施

【例句】Go to find the manager of Student Hostel Services and explain when you want to visit the Snowy Mountains, how long you will stay, how many students are in your party, and what accommodation you will require.去找学生宿舍服务部主管，告诉他，你们什么时候要参观大雪山，要待多长时间，学生人数是多 少，对住宿有何要求。

【要点】accommodations(复数形式)指的是膳食和住宿，即食宿，而board指膳 食，lodging指住宿，lodgings指非旅馆式的宿舍。

440- ambition

n.雄心, 野心

【同】determination

【搭配】fulfil one's ambition 实现抱负

【例句】Bob's ambition was to study medicine. 鲍勃的志向是学医。

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441- ambitious

a.有雄心的, 野心勃勃的

【例句】 You should have been more ambitious. 你本应该志向更远大一些。

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a.有抱负的；有野心的

【搭配】 ambitious for sth.立志获得.

【例句】 The Human Genome Project is the most ambitious scientific project since the Apollo programme that landed a man on the moon.人类基因工程是继阿波罗登月计划后最宏大的科学工程。

【要点】ambitious的名词形式是ambition,指“野心，抱负”。比如，have great ambitions是指“有远大志向”。ambition的【同义】词为aspiration,都作“抱负”这个含义使用的时候两者可以替换。

-a.有抱负的；有野心的

【搭配】ambitious for one's children 望子成龙；an ambitious plan 宏伟的计划

【例句】

1. A young man full of energy, competence and ambitious sporting spirit like Liu Xiang, is really an idol for me to follow, and that's why I like him so much.像刘 翔这样充满活力、有能力、又具有不断进取的体育精神的人，是我学习的 榜样，所以我非常喜欢他。

2. Although I am very happy in my present job, I believe one should always be ambitious.虽然做现在的工作，我感觉很愉快，但是我认为人始终要有 抱负。

3. It was extremely hard for this ambitious man to face this kind of misfortune. 这样一个有雄心壮志的人很难面对这种厄运。

4. The Human Genome Project is the most ambitious scientific project since the Apollo programme that landed a man on the moon.人类基因工程是继阿波罗 登月计划后最宏伟的科学工程。

442- adjust

v.调节, 调整, 校正; 适应 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【同】get used to

【搭配】adjust a policy调整政策; adjust expenses to income 量入为出; adjust a watch 调表

【例句】The immigrants must learn to adjust themselves to the local life. 移民们必须学会适应当地生活。

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-v.校准；调节；使...适应

【搭配】adjust a policy 调整政策；adjust expenses to income 量入为出；adjust to 适应；调节

【例句】

1. As their eyes adjusted to the darkness, they saw myriad lights reflecting off the water.在他们的眼睛适应黑暗后，看见了水面上反射的无数的亮光。

2. Research shows that older readers are having difficulty in adjusting to texts with out pictures.调查显示，年纪较大的读者对阅读那些不带图画的文章难以适应。

-v.校准；调节；使适应

【搭配】adjust a policy 调整政策；adjust expenses to income 量入为出；adjust to适应；调节

【例句】

1. The trick to maintain your level of comprehensibility is to adjust your speed to the topic you are talking about.保持可理解性水平的诀窍是，根据你所谈的话题调整你的语速。

2. Research shows that older readers are having difficulty in adjusting to texts without pictures. 调查显示，年纪较大的读者不习惯阅读那些不带图的文本。

443- anticipate

v.预期, 预料, 预感; 期望 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【同】expect

【例句】The new science museum will open next year, and we anticipate a lot of visitors in the opening week. 新的科技馆明年开放, 我们预计开放第一周会有很多人来参观。

【要点】在雅思听力考试中 anticipate 是一个引导词, 通常其后会出现一些关键信息, 听时要注意。

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v.先于...行动；预见

【搭配】 anticipate doing sth.期待做某事

【例句】

1. Some recordings are made without the speakers being aware of the fact- a procedure that obtains very natural data, though ethical objections must beanticipated.有些录音是在说话人毫不知情的情况下进行的，这样就能获得十分自然的语料，但可能会受到伦理反对。

2. In this conference, there was more widespread interest in the environment agenda than they anticipated.本次会议的与会者普遍对环境议程感兴趣，这出乎他们的意料。

【同义】 expect(v.期望)

444- application

n.请求, 申请（书、表）; 应用, 运用; 施用, 敷用

【搭配】application for 申请...; application form 申请表; application process申请过程

【例句】If you do decide to make an application, what you do is to send it directly to my department. 如果你决定申请, 把申请表直接送到我的部门就行了。

【要点】在听力考试中, 常会出现填写申请表(fill in the application form)的情景, 通常要填写自己的姓名(name)、住址(address)、联系方式(contact)等情况。

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n.申请；应用，运用

【搭配】 application for ...的申请；application form 申请表；application process 申请程序；job application 应聘

【例句】

1. The wide application of electronic computers in science and technology will free man from the labour of complicated measurement and computation.电子计算机在科技领域的广泛应用将使人们从复杂的测量和计算中解放出来。

2. I think this invent has many useful applications.我觉得这项发明的应用十分广泛。

【要点】在雅思阅读中，application常出现在科技类的文章中，取其“应用，应用程序”的意思，很少用到“申请”这个含义。

-n.申请；应用，运用

【搭配】application for 申请...；application form 申请表；application process 申 请过程；job application 求职

【例句】

1. As for the applications of the automobile, I would like to emphasize the following: Firstly, it has totally changed the way we travel. In the past, animals like horses, mules and camels were used for traveling and the transportation of goods.至于汽车的应用，我想强调以下几点：首先，它完全改变了我们的旅行方式。在过去，像马、骡子和骆驼这样的动物被人们 用于旅行和货物运输。

2. I think this invent has many useful applications.我认为这一发明的应用非常广泛。

445- arrange

v.整理, 排列, 布置; 安排, 筹划

【同】make an arrangement

【搭配】arrange for...to do. 安排...做...; arrange the conference room 布置会议室; arrange the accommodation 安排住宿

【例句】We'd arranged to meet up with friends at various points on the journey. 我们原打算在路途中的各个点和朋友会合。

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-v.安排；排列

1. The Language Institute activity coordinator can assist students in arranging any sport and leisure activities.语言学院的活动协调人能帮助学生安排任何体育休闲活动。

2. No matter what I do I will arrange my time ahead so that I will not miss anything important.不管我做什么，我都会提前安排时间，这样我就不会错过重要的事情了。

446- arrangement

n.安排, 准备工作; 整理 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】course arrangement 课程安排; seat arrangement 安排座位

【例句】We have an arrangement with the local billiards club, which is only two miles away from the campus. 我们与当地的台球俱乐部已商妥, 该俱乐部距校园只有两英里远。

【要点】新生到校报到后的场景在雅思听力中经常出现, 内容会涉及课程安排, 如：导师(tutor)介绍演讲(lecture)和个别指导(tutorial)、定期写论文(essay/thesis paper)等。

-n.安排；整理；准备工作

【例句】

1. I am sure that there was nothing corrupt about the arrangement.我确信这个 安排中绝对没有腐败。

2. Larger firms appear to be more willing to experiment with flexible working arrangements.较大的公司似乎更愿意尝试弹性工作制。

447- attendance

n.到场, 出席; 出勤

【同】participation

【搭配】take attendance点名; attendance record 考勤记录

【例句】I do not think there is a need to make class attendance every day at universities. 我认为在大学里每天都点名是没有必要的。

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448- award

n.奖（品） d的发音尽可能弱化 v.授予, 奖给

【搭配】award a prize 授奖; be awarded at因...而被授奖; get one's award 得奖; award ceremony授奖仪式

【例句】That girl has received award letters from several universities. 那个女孩收到了好几所大学的奖学金。

【要点】award 后常接介词 for。

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449- assist

v.帮助, 援助, 协助 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【同】aid

【搭配】assist with/in 帮助

【例句】The Student Union is intended to assist in teachers' work. 学生会旨在协助老师的工作。

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-v.帮助；参加

【搭配】assist sb. in/with sth.帮某人做某事；assist sb. in doing sth.帮某人做某 事；assist at the ceremony 参加仪式

【例句】 The sports psychologists help the athletes by improving motivation and concentration or assisting with stress management.运动心理学家通过激励、提高注意力或协助缓解压力来帮助运动员。

【派生】 assistance(n.帮助)；assistant(n.助手)

450- assistance

n.帮助, 援助; 补助

【搭配】financial assistance财政援助

【例句】Farmers are to receive financial assistance to help see them through the worst flood over the past 50 years. 农民们将收到财政援助, 以度过50多年来最严重的洪涝灾害。

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451- ship

452- branch

n.(树)条, 分支; 分部, 分店; （学科）分科, 部门; 英式发音? 支流, 支脉, 支线 美式发音?

【搭配】main branch 主枝; 主要的支行; local branch本地分店

【例句】Many main branches of banks are now open until 4:30 or 5 pm on weekends. 现在, 许多主要的银行支行周末会营业到下午4:30或5:00。

【要点】branch 在雅思听力考试中通常是指"分店, 分部"。

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453- campus

n.(大学)校园

【搭配】on campus 在校内

【例句】Freshmen should adapt themselves to the life on campus as soon as possible. 大一的学生应该尽快适应校园生活。

【要点】在雅思真题听力的 Section 2 里曾有过关于校园犯罪(campus crime)的monologue(独白), 讲的是警方委托学生会讲解如何进行自我保护。

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454- background

n.背景, 经历

【搭配】educational/cultural/family background 教育/文化/家庭背景; theoretical background 理论背景; background music 背景音乐

【例句】The job requires applicants with a technical background. 这份工作要求求职者有技术背景。

【要点】出国留学常要填写申请表(application form), 涉及教育背景(educational background)时常会填写以下方面的内容：
educational history 学历,
major 主修,
minor 副修,
specialized course 专业课程,
courses completed 所学课程,
social practice 社会实践,
part time job 兼职工作,
summer job 暑期工作,
refresher course 进修课程,
extracurricular activity 课外活动,
physical activity 体育活动,
academic activity 学术活动,
excellent league member 优秀团员,
excellent leader 优秀干部,
off-job training 脱产培训,
in-job training 在职培训.

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455- cater

v.迎合; 提供饮食及服务

【同】serve

【搭配】cater for 迎合...; 满足...的需求; 为...提供饮食及服务

【例句】 Does the hotel cater for special diets? I have some food allergies. 这家餐馆提供特别饮食吗？我对某些食物过敏。点新生初入校园时, 学校通常会发调查表(questionary), 询问在饮食服务 (catering service)、教学设施(teaching facilities)和医疗服务(healthcare service)方面的意见。

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-v.满足需要；提供饮食及服务

【例句】 The role of tourism is to cater for the needs of the tourists in accordance with their class.旅游业就是一个满足各阶层旅游人士需求的行业。

456- ceremony

n.典礼, 仪式; 礼节, 礼仪

【同】ritual

【搭配】opening/closing ceremony 开/闭幕式; graduation ceremony 毕业典礼

【例句】A ceremony is held every year at the university to remember the people who make contributions to the school. 这个学校每年都举行典礼来纪念那些曾经为学校作出贡献的人。

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457- challenge

n.挑战; 质问 v.向...挑战; 对...质疑

【搭配】face a challenge 面对挑战; take up challenges 接受挑战

【例句】Once the problem of projection had been solved, the next challenge for the inventors was to make the film more interesting. 一旦投影问题解决了, 发明者的下一个挑战就是要使电影更有趣。

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458- conference

n.会议, 讨论会

【同】meeting

【搭配】press conference 记者招待会; academic conference 学术会议

【例句】The scientist is attending a three-day international conference. 这位科学家正在参加为期三天的国际会议。

【要点】一般的会议流程是：首先秘书(secretary)要通知与会代表(conference delegate), 接着要安排会议室(arrange the conference room), 紧接着代表要参加会议, 会议结束时有个会议报告(conference report), 最后要吃会议晚 宴(conference dinner)。

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459- commission

n.委员会; 委任, 委托; 佣金, 手续费

【搭配】in commission 可使用, 在使用中; out of commission 不能使用, 不在使用中

【例句】The local government has set up a commission of inquiry into the affair. 当地政府成立了委员会对该事件进行调查。

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n.佣金；委托 v.授权，委托

【例句】

1. Builders could meet the budgets of commissioning authorities and handle a renewed demand for development quickly and cheaply.建造商能够满足委托方的预算要求,并且能迅速而低廉地应对新的发展需求。

2. He now has a new commission -a glass sculpture for the headquarters building of a pizza company.他现在有一项新的委托，为一家披萨公司的总部大楼设计一件玻璃雕塑。

460- confidence

n.信任; 信心; 秘密, 机密

【同】faith

【搭配】confidence in/into 信任; 对...的信赖; lack of confidence 缺乏自信

【例句】The student has confidence in himself. 这名学生对自己有信心。

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461- council

n.会议; 委员会, 理事会; 开会

【例句】The local authorities are holding a council to discuss the new proposal. 当地官员正在开会讨论新的提议。

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462- contain

v.包含, 容纳; 控制, 抑制

【同】include

【例句】

1. A: Why don't they have teeth decay? B: Because their food doesn't contain sugar and they brush their teeth carefully.

2. The tablet contains a variety of vitamins. 这种药片含有各种维生素。

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463- contrast

n.对照, 对比, 差异 名词发音? v.使与...对比, 使与...对照, 和...形成对照 动词发音?

【同】comparison

【要点】注意名词发音? 与动词发音? 的重音位置不同

【搭配】by contrast 对比之下; （与...）相对照; in contrast with/to 与...成反比; contrast A with B 把A与B作对比

【例句】There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of the two regions. 这两个地区的文化存在明显的差异。

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464- conversation

n.会话, 谈话

【例句】The conversation between the new students touched on many new subjects. 新同学之间的对话涉及了很多新的方面。

【要点】注意在读音和拼写上与conservation的区别, 此外, 在雅思听力中会出现 informal conversation 这个词组, 意思是"非正式谈话"。

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465- department

n.部, 局, 处, 科, 部门; 系, 学部

【例句】John was a Japanese major at the department of foreign languages. 约翰在外国语言学系日语专业学习。

【要点】注意复数发音连读; 在英国常用 faculty 表示"系", 而在北美常用 department 表示"系; 商店"。

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-n.部门；活动范围

【搭配】the men's clothing department 男装部

【例句】

1. What do you think of the background music that is often played in department stores or shopping malls?你觉得百货公司或购物中心常放的音乐怎么样？

2. For instance, if I keep up the good work that I am presently doing, I could be promoted in two years and become the head of the department.比如，如果我在现在的职位上好好干，那两年后我就会得到晋升，成为这个部门的头。

【派生】 departmental(a.部门的)

466- course

n.课程, 教程; 过程, 进程; 路程, 路线; 一道菜

【同】of course → certainly; sure 当然

【搭配】in the course of 在...过程中, 在...期间; of course 当然, 无疑; beginning course 初级课程; basic course 基础课程; course code 课程编号

【例句】You can sign up for this training course in advance. 你可以提前报名参加这门培训课程。

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467- detail

n.细节, 详情 v.详述

【搭配】in detail 详细地; with details of 关于...的细节

【例句】I'll just need to take some details about you. 我只是要了解有关你的一些细节。

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468- discipline

n.纪律; 学科; 规定; 训练

【同】subject

【例句】My last target was to do further reading on discipline. 我最后的目标是深入阅读学科方面的书籍。

【要点】这里介绍一下在雅思听力中常见的"校规"方面的词汇：
drop out 辍学,
quit school 退学,
expel sb. from school 开除某人,
attend a lecture 上课,
miss a class 缺课,
cut a class 旷课.

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-v.训练；惩戒 -n.纪律；训练；学科

【例句】

1. My parents are unreasonably strict sometimes. I have to try to keep a balance between discipline and freedom.我父母有时会毫无理由地严厉，我不得不尽量在纪律和自由间取得平衡。

2. You wouldn't be blamed for not knowing the answer to this question because Sports Studies as a discipline is still comparatively new.你不会因为不知道这个问题的答案挨批，因为体育学仍是一个相对较新的学科。

469- distribute

v.分配; 分布; 散布

【同】give out; hand out

【搭配】distribute sth. equally 平均分配某物; distribute expenses 分配经费

【例句】The diagram shows the distribution of female workers in key professions in Britain in 1990. 该图表显示了1990年英国女性工人在主要行业中的分布情况。

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v.分发，分送；分布

【搭配】 distribute sth. equally平均分配；distribute expenses分配经费

【例句】 The function of the port city is to concentrate the raw materials and distribute them in many other forms.港口城市的功能在于将原材料集中然后通过其他形式分送出去。

-v.分发，发送；使分布

【搭配】distribute sth. equally平均分配；distribute expenses分配经费

【例句】

1. I am a super fan of Discovery Channel. It is an American satellite and cable specialty channel created by John Hendricks and distributed by Discovery Communications.我非常喜欢"探索频道"。它是由约翰...亨德瑞创立的一 个美国卫星和有线电视专业频道，并由探索通信公司播送。

2. The main function of the port city is drawing to it raw materials and distributing them in many other forms.港口城市的功能主要在于将原材料集 中然后通过其他多种形式分送出去。

【要点】distribute一词作"分类"来讲时，经常用做被动语态，be distributed into意 思是"将...分成..."，如：Those plants are distributed into 15 groups.(那 些植物被分成了15个种类。)

470- division

n.分, 分割; 部门, 科, 处; 除法

【搭配】division of labour 分工

【例句】The broad divisions of the paper are good but you'll have to redo the actual headings. 论文的大体结构很好, 但是还需重做现有的标题。

【要点】division 这个词常出现在教育场景中, 由于中外学校结构差异造成一定程度上的做题困难, 现在把国外大学结构及官衔归纳如下：
president 大学校长,
university 大学,
dean 学校分院长,
college 学院,
head of the faculty 系主任,
faculty 系,
principal 中学校长,
high school 中学,
headmaster 小学校长,
school 学校,
headmistress 小学校长（女）.

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-divisional a.分开的, 分割的; 部门的

【例句】Each branch has a divisional head. 每个部门都有部门领导。

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471- divisional

472- enquire

v.打听, 询问; 查问, 调查

【例句】If you have any question, you're welcome to call the department to enquire. 如果你有什么问题, 欢迎致电学院询问。

【要点】enquire 在美语中也可以写为 inquire, 常和介词 about 连用。

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473- enroll

v.入学, 加入, 招收

【同】join; sign up; take part in

【搭配】enrol on 加入, 参加, 注册, 入学

【例句】

1. Increasing numbers of women are enrolling in the business management course. 越来越多的女性正加入企业管理课程学习。

2. A: What course are you enrolled in? B: Well! I have enrolled for 20 weeks in the Advanced English Studies, because I need help with my writing.

【要点】enroll 常出现在新生报到场景中。通常情况下, 新生入学及入学后大致过程如下：首先 register/enroll(登记、报到), 一般会去 student union office(学生会办公室), 接着参加opening ceremony(开学典礼), 之后进行 orientation meeting(介绍会)。

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474- effort

n.努力, 艰难的尝试

【搭配】make an/every effort 努力

【例句】Henry has put a lot of effort into communicating with new friends. 亨利在与新朋友交流方面付出了很多努力。

【要点】在短语 an effort to 中, effort 与前面的 an 和后面的 to 都有连读, 不容易听出来, 要注意辨别。

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-n. 努力；成就

【例句】

1. For example, Edison was regarded as a fool in his primary school. However, he got unequalled achievement by his own efforts. 例如，爱迪生在上小学时被人当做傻子，但是通过自己的努力，他取得了无可匹敌的成就。

2. We spare no effort to achieve our goal and obtain happiness from success. 我们尽一切努力达成目标，从成功中获得幸福。

【派生】 effortless (a.无需努力的)

475- enrolment

n.登记（人数）, 注册（人数）; 入学, 入伍; 登记薄, 名册

【搭配】enrolment form 登记表

【例句】Most banks ask you to bring your passport and a letter or certificate of enrolment. 大多数银行需要你出示护照和入学介绍信或入学证明。

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-n.登记，注册；入学

【搭配】enrolment form 登记表

【例句】

1. In fact, men and women should share equal opportunities, not the equal enrolment figures in every subject. 其实，男女生应该享有平等的机会，而不是每个专业相同的入学人数。

2. When you apply for a student loan, most banks ask you to bring your passport and your letter or certificate of enrolment.申请学生贷款时，大部分银行会要求你带上护照和入学介绍信或入学证明。

476- external

a.外部的, 外面的

【搭配】an external wound 外伤; external pressure 外界压力; external affairs 外交 事务; an external member 外部构件

【例句】This is why you have to pay an external member. 这就是你需要付外部构件费用的原因。

【要点】external 的反义词是 internal。

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a.外面的，表面的

【搭配】 an external wound 外伤；external pressure 外界压力；external affairs 外交事务；external auditor 外部审计师

【例句】

1. All warm-blooded animals make constant tiny adjustments in response to external events.所有恒温动物都会随外界变化不断做出微小的调整。

2. What evidence we have suggests that domestic trade was greater at all periods than external trade.我们所掌握的证据表明，无论在哪个时期，国内贸易量都比对外贸易量大。

【同义】 exterior(a.外部的)

【反义】 internal(a.内部的)

【要点】external和exterior都有“外面的”含义，但两者之间有细微差别。external 一般指事物、人、国家以及机构等本身之外的，如external events表示“国外、家外或公司外的事”；而exterior一般指某事、某人或某物外表的，如 the exterior of the building“大楼外部”。

477- faculty

n.才能; 学院, 系; （学院或系的）全体教员

【同】ability; teacher

【搭配】mental faculty/intellectual faculty 智力; the faculty of law 法学院

【例句】The Bachelor of Natural Science is in a faculty within the university. 自然科学学位由大学里的一个学院颁发。

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n.官能；科，系；全体教员

【例句】

1. It is only when the faculty of smell is impaired for some reason that we begin to realise the essential role the sense of smell plays in our sense of well-being.只有当我们的嗅觉因某种原因受损，我们才开始意识到嗅觉在健康的感觉中发挥着不可或缺的作用。

2. Here on this campus we have the faculties of Architecture and Law.在这个校区里，我们设有建筑系和法律系。

478- fee

n.费（会费, 学费等）; 酬金 licence fee 许可费; water fee 水费; electricity fee 电费; tuition fee 学费

【例句】You may have some queries regarding the fees you are paying if you are an overseas student. 如果你是国外学生, 可能会咨询一些与需交费用相关的问题。

【要点】在租房场景中, 会涉及个人物品保管(items protection)的问题。

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479- expectancy

n.期待, 预期

【搭配】life expectancy 寿命

【例句】Drinking liquor wil cause a shortened life expectancy. 饮酒会导致寿命缩短。

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480- gather

v.聚集, 聚拢

【搭配】gather in 收割

【例句】Students gathered in the hall quickly. 同学们迅速在大厅聚齐。

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481- fill

v.填满, 充满

【搭配】fil in/out 装满, 填充, 填写（表格等）; be filled with 充满着

【例句】Would you like to fill in the application form now? 你想现在就填申请表吗？

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482- guidance

n.引导, 指导

【同】counseling

【搭配】moral guidance 精神指导

【例句】A new learning guidance has been prepared well for the students. 新的学习指导已为学生准备好了。

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483- handle

n.柄, 把手, 拉手 v.处理, 对待; 触, 摸

【同】deal with

【例句】People should learn to handle stress. 人们应该学会应对压力。

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484- handout

n.施舍物; 传单, （免费）散发的文字材料; 新闻 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化通报; 宣传材料

【例句】The information about visa applications is all in the handout. 有关签证申请的信息全部都包含在宣传材料中。

【要点】handout作一个词时重音在词首, 分开构成动词短语 hand out, 意思是"分发, 施舍", 注意在听力中辨别。

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485- homesick

a.想家的, 思乡的

【例句】I was homesick at first and missed my family. 起初我思念家乡和家人。

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-a. 想家的，思乡病的

【例句】 Most students who left home for college for the first time were home sick severely.很多第一次离家上大学的孩子都会非常想家。 nostalgic （a.怀旧的；思乡的）

【要点】雅思口语考试中,我们可以用它来陈述出国留学的弊端,它的名词形式是

【同义】homesick一词的意思是"想家的"，常用来描述身处异国他乡的感觉。在 homesickness （想家),在口语中也很常用。

486- initial

a.最初的, 开头的; 词首的 n.词首大写字母

【同】first; original

【搭配】the initial stage 初级阶段; initial offerings 原始股

【例句】Once the initial outlay has been made, for the company to be looking at very good profit margins. 对公司来说, 一旦初始费用落实, 高利润率可能就在眼前。

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a.最初的，开始的

【搭配】 the initial stage 初级阶段

【例句】

1. Certification is for an initial period of five years, with an annual review to ensure that the fishery is continuing to meet the required standards.最初许可有效期为五年，而且要进行年检以确保渔场一直达标。

2. The interest will be charged after the initial 60-day interest-free period.在最初六十天的免息期过后，就要开始收取利息了。

-a.最初的，开始的

【搭配】the initial stage 初级阶段；initial offerings 原始股

【例句】

1. The initial startup cost is required, but the biggest challenge is getting the public to believe in you and improving the quality of your service.虽然需要初 期启动资金，但是最大的挑战是让公众相信你，还有提高你的服务质量。

2. The interest will be charged after the initial 60-day interest-free period.在经 过最初60天的免息期后，就要开始收取利息了。

【派生】initiate(v.发起，创始)

487- institute

n.学会, 研究所; 学院 英式发音? v.设立, 设置, 制定 美式发音?

【搭配】financial institute 金融研究所

【例句】The work was carried out by the research institute. 这项工作由该研究院完成。

【要点】在雅思听力考试教育场景中常会向留学生(international student)介绍一些学院(institute)、学科及注册时间(enrolment time)的情况。考点中会有一些国家的拼写, 考生要注意亚洲一些国家的拼写, 如新加坡(Singapore)、马来西亚(Malaysia)、菲律宾(Philippines)、韩国(South Korea)等。

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488- institution

n.公共机构, 协会, 学校; 制度, 惯例

【同】institute; organization

【搭配】institution of higher learning 高等院校; an educational institution 教育机构

【例句】The college is one of the educational institutions which offer night classes inMoney Management. 该学院是晚上开设理财课程的教育机构之一。

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-n.(行业)协会，团体；机构；制度；习俗

【搭配】institution of higher learning 高等院校；an educational institution 教育机 构；a supervisory institution 监督机构

【例句】

1. To be an accountant, the first step is to find a learning institution providing classes about the field, and make sure that the institution is recognized by the relevant accounting agency.要成为一名会计师，首先要找一个提供这方面课 程的学习机构，并确保该机构得到了相关会计事务所的认可。

2. Such a record will allow you to present your linguistic credentials to academic institutions.这份记录可以作为你的语言证明呈递给学术机构。

【派生】institutional(a.习以为常的；公共机构的)

489- international

a.国际的, 世界的

【同】multinational

【搭配】international student card 留学生证

【例句】Jim worked in an international company after graduation.吉姆毕业后在一家国际公司工作。

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490- independent

a.独立的, 自主的

【同】self-reliant

【搭配】independent of 独立的, 不受约束的

【例句】Mary was an independent-minded student. 玛丽是个有独立见解的学生。

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491- introduce

v.介绍; 传入, 引进; 提出; 采用, 推行

【同】make an introduction

【搭配】introduce a course介绍一门课程

【例句】We've introduced a simpler price structure. 我们引进了一套更为简洁的价格结构体系。

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492- item

n.条款, 项目; 一条, 一则

【搭配】single item 单件物品

【例句】We allow twelve items borrowed from the library one time if you're a teacher. 如果你是老师, 我们允许你从图书馆一次借12本书。

【要点】item在雅思听力考试中常指"新闻中的一条、一则", 如：news item一则新 闻; 也指"物品", 如：luxury items 奢侈品。

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493- junior

a.年少的, 年幼的; 低年级的; 下级的; 三年

级的 n.年少者; 地位较低者; 低年级学生

【搭配】junior to sb. 年纪较某人轻, 职位较某人低

【例句】John was junior to Professor Lee. 约翰比李教授职位低。

【要点】反义词是senior。大学四个年级的学生分别是：freshman, sophomore, junior, senior.

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494- label

n.标签, 标记; 称号 v.贴标签于..., 把...称为

【同】nickname; tag

【搭配】label as 把...称为

【例句】Don't press the red button please, but don't worry, it's al clearly labeled. 请不要按红色按钮, 但是不用担心, 所有的按钮都做了清晰的标记。

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n.标签，标记；称号 v.贴标签于；把...称为

【例句】

1. Actually almost all of the objects described in the SQL model are derived from the SQL object, and they automatically have name, description, and label properties.实际上，几乎SQL模型中描述的所有对象都是从SQL对象【派生】出来的，它们一开始便带有名称、描述和标签属性。

2. I think we should label the lid itself and say that it constitutes twenty-five percent of the total weight.我认为我们应该在盖子上贴标签，注明它占总重 的25%。

495- leaflet

n.小叶, 嫩叶; 传单, 活页

【同】booklet; pamphlet

【例句】Take a free leaflet from the book rack, please. 请从阅览架取一份免费的传单。

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-n.散页印刷品，（尤指）传单；小叶

【例句】

1. Leaflets may be thrown away when handed out in public places, which adds to pollution.在公共场所分发传单时，传单可能会被扔掉，这样就增加了污染。

2. You can find exact information about a patient on the patient information leaflet.你可以在病人信息表中找到有关病人的详细信息。

496- introduction

n.介绍; 传入, 引进; 导言, 绪论

【例句】By way of introduction, I shall give you the background of the subject. 通过介绍, 我将向你讲述本学科的背景。

【要点】introduction常和介词to【搭配】; 在雅思听力考试中经常会有一些题目是对餐馆、图书馆、新生课程等的introduction。

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497- objective

a.客观的, 真实的 n.目标, 目的

【同】aim; goal

strategic objective 战略目标; be objective about sth. 客观看待某事; achieve the objective 达到目的

【例句】The main objective of this class is to give students more information about this subject. 这节课的主要目的是给学生更多有关该科目的信息。

【搭配】objective 在作"客观的"讲时, 反义词是 subject(主观的)。

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-n.目标，目的 -a.客观的

【例句】

1. The magazine presents insightful reports and objective articles. The photographs of the celebrities are striking, and the stories are very inspiring, which drive me to study and work harder to become one of those people one day.该杂志刊载见解深刻的报告和观点客观的文章。名人的照片引人注目,他 们的故事激励人心，促使我更加努力学习、工作，以便有一天成为他们中 的一员。

2. What I want to say is that all hotels and resorts have the same objectives regardless of where they are situated. Their aim is to ensure that their guests have a good time and come again.我想说的是，所有酒店和旅游地，无论它们位于何处，都有相同的目标。它们的目标是确保客人玩得愉快，会再次 光临。

3. The objective of the Human Genome Project is simple to state.人类基因工程 的目标很容易说明。

498- optional

a.可以任选的, 非强制的

【搭配】optional course 选修课

【例句】Is Geography an optional lesson, or does everyone have to learn it? 地理是选修课还是每个人都必须学习？

【要点】选修课的其他说法：selective course; elective course. 必修课：required course; compulsory course

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499- orientate

v.使适应; 给...定位; 面向

【例句】The course at this university has a vocational focus on preparing its graduates for work, so students are orientated at employment. 这所大学的课程从就业出发, 注重毕业生工作之前的准备工作, 因此将学生朝着就业方向培养。

【要点】orientate 在很多情况下写成 orient, 其后常接介词 to 或 towards, 要注意吞音现象。

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-v.向东；定向；给...定位；使适应

【例句】Shenyang is an industrial city, while Hong Kong is a more financial center. In other words, here we have many factory workers, or to be more exact, family-orientated workers who are not very wealthy, and in Hong Kong there are many tycoons, millionaires, and wealthy people.沈阳是一个工业城市，而香港是一个金融中心。也就是说，这里我们有许多工人，或者更确切地说，不是非常富有的以家庭为核心的工人，而香港则有许多大亨、百万富翁和富有 的人。

【派生】 orientation(n.向东；方向)

500- orientation

n.定位; 方向, 目标; 熟悉, 适应, 情况介绍

【搭配】orientation meeting 介绍会; orientation program 新生训练

【例句】Now that everyone knows what group they're in, we'll get on with the orientation and training programme. 既然每个人都明确了自己所在的小组, 紧接着我们进行情况介绍和培训计划。

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501- overseas

a.外国的, 海外的 ad.在海外

【同】abroad

【搭配】overseas market 海外市场; an overseas Chinese 华侨; overseas students 留学生

【例句】Peter is going to work overseas. 彼得打算去国外工作。

【要点】注意不要和oversea混淆, overseas可作形容词和副词, 而oversea只能作形容词。听力中注意区别有无s。

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502- personal

a.个人的, 私人的; 亲自的, 本人的; 身体的, 人身的

【同】private; secret

【搭配】personal loan 个人贷款; personal item 个人物品; personal information 个 人信息; my personal view 依我之见

【例句】The woman who lost her briefcase gave the policeman some personal details. 丢失公文包的那个妇女向警察提供了一些个人信息。

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503- persuade

v.说服, 劝说; 使相信

【同】convince

【搭配】persuade sb. to do sth. 劝说某人做...; persuade sb. into/out of sth. 劝说某人做/不做...

【例句】I had tried my best to persuade Bob to join the team. 我已竭尽全力说服鲍勃加入小队。

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504- pledge

n.誓约; 保证 v.发誓; 保证

【同】commitment; promise

【搭配】fulfill one's pledge 履行诺言; make/give a pledge to do sth. 保证做某事

【例句】The prime minister has pledged today that he will make 250 million dollars available to help the drought-stricken farmers. 总理今天做出承诺将拨25亿美元帮助受旱灾的农民。

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-n.保证；抵押；抵押品 -v.保证；用...抵押；举杯祝...健康

【搭配】fulfil one's pledge 履行诺言；make/give a pledge to do sth.保证做某事

【例句】

1. As we walk on this road, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead.走上这条路以后，我们必须保证一直向前进。

2. The meeting ended with a pledge to step up cooperation among the six large monopoly state-owned enterprises of this region.会议以加快该地区六家大型垄断性质的国企之间合作的承诺结束了。

505- pardon

n.原谅, 宽恕; 请再说一遍 v.原谅, 饶恕, 赦免

【同】excuse; forgiveness

【例句】

A: Hurry up, Lucy!

B: Pardon?

A: I said hurry up!

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506- president

507- presumably

ad.据推测, 大概, 可能 英式发音?

-【同】supposedly 美式发音?

【例句】Presumably consumers have bought such poisonous food. 大概消费者已经购买了这种有毒食品。

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508- reception

n.接收, 接受, 接收效果; 接待, 招待会

【搭配】reception centre/desk 接待处

【例句】The students' dormitory is to the right of the reception desk. 学生宿舍在接待处的右边。

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509- procedure

n.程序; 手续; 步骤

【搭配】regular procedure 正规手续; the registration procedure登记手续

【例句】The personality questionnaires have to be filled out by the candidates during the selection procedure. 在选举过程中, 候选人必须填写性格调查表。

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n.程序；手续；过程

【搭配】 regular procedure 正规手续；the registration procedure 登记手续

【例句】

1. If the subject was still reluctant to go on, Milgram said that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end. His final argument was,“You have no other choice.”如果测试对象仍然不愿继续进行，马格雷姆说，为了能顺利完成实验，从头到尾遵守程序是非常重要的。他最后的理由就是，“你别无选择”。

2. The difficulty lies not in the inferential processes which the task demands, but in certain perplexing features of the apparatus and the procedure.困难并不在于任务所需要的推理过程，而在于某些令人困惑的设备特点和程序。

3. I hate the cumbersome administrative procedures.我讨厌这些麻烦的行政手续。

-n.程序，手续；过程

【搭配】regular procedure 正规手续；the registration procedure 登记手续； emergency procedure 紧急程序

【例句】

1. My favorite sport is tennis because of the exciting procedure of winning. By playing tennis, my PE grades became the best in my class.我最喜欢的运动是网球，因为获胜的过程非常刺激。通过打网球，我的体育成绩成了全班第一。

2. I hate the cumbersome administrative procedures.我讨厌这些麻烦的行政手续。

510- promising

a.有希望的, 有前途的

【同】encouraging; hopeful

【例句】The experiment produced no promising results. 实验的结果令人失望。

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511- refectory

n.(学院)餐厅, 食堂

【例句】You can grab something to eat whenever you want since the refectory's open all day. 你随时可以找点吃的, 因为食堂全天开放。

【要点】cafeteria 和 refectory 意思相【同】, 但常用在美语中。

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512- quality

n.质量, 品质, 特性

【同】attribute

【搭配】quality of teaching 教学质量; high-quality education高素质教育

【例句】Paul shows strong leadership qualities. 保罗表现出很强的领导才能。

【要点】注意拼写, 不要和quantity(数量)混淆。

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513- register

n.登记, 注册 v.登记, 注册; （仪表等）指示, 自动记下, 把（邮件)挂号

【搭配】registered capital 注册资本; register a trademark 注册商标; register for 报名参加; register with向...登记, 给...留下印象; registered mail 挂号信

【例句】Linda has registered at the reception desk. 琳达已经在接待处登记。

【要点】介绍一些邮政词汇：
registered mail 挂号信,
ordinary letter 平信,
special delivery 限时专递,
air mail 航空信,
domestic mail 国内邮件,
outgoing mail 外埠邮件,
bulky packet 大宗包裹,
postal packet 小包裹,
parcel post 包裹邮递.

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-n.登记；登记表 -v.登记

【搭配】registered capital 注册资本；register a trademark 注册商标；register for登记参加，报名参加；registered mail挂号信

【例句】

1. The business would operate on a membership scheme; I mean those who want to join have to register and pay annual fee first.该公司将采取会员制，也就是说那些想加入的人必须先注册，缴纳年费。

2. You must remember to bring the ID card with you when you come to register.你来注册的时候一定要记得带上身份证。

【派生】registration(n.登记，注册)；registry(n.登记处，注册处)

514- scholarship

n.奖学金; 学问, 学识

【例句】Susan won a scholarship to study at Cambridge. 苏珊获得在剑桥大学学习的奖学金。

【要点】中国学生去英国的全奖主要有三种：

1. 获得ORS+学校资助+少量服务：ORS全称是Oversea Research Scholarship(海外研究奖学金), 由英国政府提供, 只是解决海外学生与英国学生的学费差额, 获得它就能像本国国民一样支付学费。

2. 学校提供的studentship 或导师所在的研究机构提供的全奖, 一般为免学费+生活费。

3. 其他由政府或个人提供的奖学金。

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515- representative

a.典型的, 有代表性的 n.代表, 代理人

【同】typical

【搭配】sales representative 销售代表

【例句】Your examiner is a Student Union representative. 你的主考官是学生会代表。

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a.典型的，有代表性的；代议制的 n.代表；典型；众议员

【搭配】 sales representative 销售代表

【例句】 A representative sample of language, compiled for the purpose of linguistic analysis, is known as a corpus. 众所周知，一个为了达到分析语言的目的而汇编的具有代表性的语言样本，就是语料库。

516- requirement

n.需要, 需要的东西; 要求, 必要条件 -'t'的发音尽能弱化

【同】necessity; need

【例句】The Director of Studies will talk to you about the courses and different requirements for each. 教务主管将和你谈论课程问题以及每门课的不同要求。

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517- restriction

n.限制, 约束

【同】constraint; limit

【搭配】speed restriction 速度限制; impose restriction on sth. 对...进行限制

【例句】There's an open ticket which doesn't have any restrictions on time. 有一张不定期客票, 对时间没有任何限制。

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n.限制；约束；束缚

【搭配】 impose restrictions on 对...加以限制；lift restrictions 解除限制

【例句】 First airlines, then road haulers and railways, were freed from restrictions on what they could carry, where they could haul it and what price they could charge. 首先放宽了对空运的限制，然后是道路运输和铁路运输，不再限制其运输货物的种类、目的地及运费。

518- standard

a.标准的 n.标准, 规则

【搭配】standard of education 教育标准; better standard of living 更高的生活水平

【例句】People in a number of countries now have a better standard of living. 许多国家的人们现在有更高的生活水平。

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519- sign

n.标记, 符号, 招牌; 征兆, 迹象 不发音 v.签名（于）, 署名（于）

【同】signal

【例句】I will ask you a few questions and then I'll get you to sign at the bottom of the form. 我要问你几个问题, 然后让你在表格下方签名。

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n.符号；示意动作；征兆 v.签名；打手势

【搭配】sign language 手语

【例句】

1. Most guessed that the bent spokes were taken as a sign that the wheel was jerking.大部分人猜测弯曲的轮辐表示轮子在颠簸。

2. The light is used by the adult fireflies as a signal to attract a mate, and each species must develop its own "sign"to avoid being confused with other species glowing nearby.成年萤火虫把亮光当做吸引配偶的信号，每种萤火虫都必须有属于自己的亮光，以防与周围其他种类的萤火虫混淆。

520- specialize

v.专门研究, 专攻

【搭配】specialized course 专业课

【例句】Two years later, we will specialize and take courses in two subjects. 两年后, 我们将专攻两门学科并上这些学科的课。

【要点】specialize后常接介词in表示"专攻"之意, 在考试中要注意in后面的内容, 常是考点。

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v.(使)专门化；专门从事

【搭配】specialize in 专门从事，专攻；专注于（某项目、产品等）

【例句】 Bekoff points out that play often involves complex assessments of playmates, ideas of reciprocity and the use of specialized signals and rules.贝科夫指出，游戏经常涉及玩伴的综合评价、互惠的理念，以及使用专门的信号和规则。

-v.专门从事；（使）专业化

【搭配】specialize in.专攻...

【例句】 To be more precise, we specialize in the building of railway bridges.更确切地 说，我们专门建造铁路桥梁。

【派生】specialized(a.专门的)

521- species

n.种, 类

【例句】The bird has become an endangered species. 这种鸟已成为一种濒危物种。

【要点】注意species 这个词单复数【同】形。

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522- semester

n.学期

【同】term

【例句】How many optional courses did you take last semester? 你上学期修了几门选修课？

【要点】总雅思听力考试中常涉及的学校场景词汇有：

academic year 学年

school/academic calendar 校历

trimester 学季

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523- surname

n.姓

【同】family name; last name

【例句】Classmates assume John is German from his surname. 同学们从约翰的姓推断出他是德国人。

【要点】在雅思听力考试中, 常会听写人名, 考生要仔细听, 并注意首字母大写。

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524- target

n.目标, 对象, 靶子 v.把...作为目标

【同】aim

【搭配】target sth. at/on sb. /sth. 把...作为...的目标

【例句】Everyone should have a target in mind for the first year of college life. 每个人在大学生活的第一年都应该有个目标。

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525- voluntary

a.自愿的, 志愿的

【例句】I decided to join a voluntary organization and was sent to Turkey to carry out land surveys. 我决定加入自愿者组织, 被派往土尔其执行土地丈量任务。

-a.自愿的；志愿的

【搭配】voluntary helpers 志愿者；a voluntary service 志愿服务

【例句】 For example, sometimes my mother will be out the whole day doing voluntary work in our community, and then my father and I will do the cooking for her.比如，有时我母亲会整天在外为社区做义工，我父亲和我就会帮她做饭。

【反义】 involuntary(a.非自愿的)

526- term

n.学期; 期限; 条件; 条款; 术语 v.把...称作

【同】semester

【搭配】in terms of 依据, 按照; 用...措词; 在...方面; in the long/short term长/短期, 从长远/近期来说

【例句】The term plan is to help you get an overview of everything that will need to do for the term. 学期计划的目的是帮助你对这个学期要做的所有事情做一个大概了解。

【要点】term常出现在雅思听力的教育场景中, 表示"学期", 与考试相关的短语有

mid term exam/middle term exam(期中考试)

final exam(期末考试)等。

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527- trimester

n.(三学期制的)一学期

【例句】The academic year is divided into three trimesters. 一学年分为三学期。

【要点】在国外, 一学年分为两学期或三学期。两学期中的"学期"常用 term 或 semester 来表示, 包括四个月, semester常用在美语中; 而三学期中的"学期"则用 trimester, 包括三个月。

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528- ## 5-课业学习篇

529- academic

a.学院的; 学术的 n.学者, 大学教师, 大学生

【同】educational

【搭配】academic achievements 学术成就; academic study 学术研究; academic teaching staff 师资力量

【例句】Professor Lee decided to leave the academic world. 李教授决定离开学术界。

-a.学院的；学术的 -n.大学教师

【搭配】academic achievements 学术成就；academic study 学术研究； academic problems 学术问题；academic teaching staff 师资力量

【例句】

1. Among countless factors which influence my inclination, there is a most conspicuous one: computers are not as qualified as human teachers in academic fields.在影响我意向的各种因素中，其中最明显的一个就是，在学术领域 里电脑比不上教师。

2. It is a ridiculous decision to admit equal numbers of male and female students in the same major regardless of their different academic aptitude.无视男生与女生学术能力的不同，规定同一专业要有相同数量的男女学生，这种决定是 十分荒谬的。

3. That young people are admiring media and sports celebrities is socially normal outside the academic context.年轻人崇拜媒体或体育名人，这在学术环境之外的社交场合中是十分正常的。

4. Once in higher education, you can apply for a loan at any time in the academic year.一旦进入高校，你可以在一学年内的任何时间申请贷款。

530- accomplish

v.达到（目的）, 完成（任务）, 实现（计划、诺言等）

【例句】People discover that, once they learn to plan their days, all the work can be accomplished and there'll still be time for leisure. 人们发现一旦他们学会了安排时间, 所有的工作都能完成, 并且还会有休闲时间。

-v.达到（目的），实现，完成

【搭配】accomplish one's object 达到目的；accomplish one's mission 完成使 命；an accomplished fact 既成事实

【例句】

1. This object seems very easy to accomplish but really difficult to reach.这个目标看起来容易实现，其实难以企及。

2. We must accomplish the task before noon.我们必须在中午之前完成这项任务。

3. He's a man who will never accomplish anything.他是一个永远一事无成的人。

【派生】 accomplished(a.完成的；熟练的)

【同义】achieve(v.达到)；complete(v.完成)

531- annotate

v.注解, 注释

【同】explain; illustrate

【例句】The new edition is based on previous manuscripts which are fully annotated. 原稿有详细的注释, 新版本基于原稿而成。

532- acquisition

n.取得; 获得物

【同】attainment; procurement

【搭配】merger and acquisition 收购兼并; acquisition cost购置成本; acquisition system 采集系统

【例句】Tom's newest acquisition is a luxurious sports car. 汤姆最近获得了一辆豪华跑车。

533- adequate

a.足够的, 充分的; 恰当的 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【同】enough; proper

【搭配】be adequate for 适合于...

【例句】Your performance during the debate was adequate but lacked originality. 你在讨论会中的表现很恰当, 但是缺乏原创性。

a.充足的；合适的，胜任的

【例句】

1. Extreme high performance sports may lead to optimal cardiovascular performance, but they quite certainly do not prolong life. Relaxation lowers metabolic rate, as does adequate sleep and in general an equable and balanced personality.极端的剧烈运动可能会使心血管功能达到最佳状态，但肯定不会延长寿命。放松可以降低代谢，充足的睡眠和总体平和的个性也会有同样的作用。

2. As the United Nations report on access to water reiterated in November 2001, more than one billion people lack access to clean drinking water, and some.two and a half billion do not have adequate sanitation services.正如于2001年11月联合国对于水的重复利用的报告称，有超过10亿的人缺少干净的饮用水，大约25亿人没有足够的卫生设备。

3. Lifestyle habits and the provision of adequate health care are critical factors for governing health.良好的生活习惯和适当的卫生保健是保持健康的关键因素。

534- appear

v.出现, 显露; 发表, 问世; 看来好像, 仿佛

【同】come out; show up

【搭配】appear to似乎...; appear on出现

【例句】It appears that there is a grammar mistake in the composition.这篇作文好像有一个语法错误。

535- argue

v.争论, 辩论; 主张, 论证; 说服; 坚持劝说

【同】quarrel

【搭配】argue with sb. 与某人争论; argue into 说服; argue for 赞成, 要求

【例句】Two friends were arguing over whether a horse ever had all four feet or hooves off the ground when it galloped. 两个朋友正在争论马飞奔时四蹄是否全部腾空的问题。

536- assessment

n.确定, 评定; 核定的付款额; 估价, 评估 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】research assessment 研究评估; assessment method 评估方法

【例句】The teacher made a careful assessment of the exam. 老师对本次考试作了细致的评估。

【要点】大学教学评估(teaching assessment)主要从图书馆(library)、实验室(lab)、 教学楼(teaching building)、体育设施(sports facilities)、食堂(refectory)、住 宿(accommodation)、师资(academic teaching staff)等方面作出综合评价。

-n.评定；估价；税额

【搭配】research assessment 研究评估；assessment methods 评估方法；a tax assessment 税款核定额

【例句】

1. Thanks to the change of the criteria of assessment, Wu successfully won the Golden Bell Award in 2008.因为评审标准变了，吴成功赢得了2008年的金钟奖。

2. A personal assessment is judging yourself and knowing everything you should know about yourself.个人评价就是评判自己，了解你应该知道的有关自己的一切。

537- assignment

n.任务, 作业; 分配, 指派 -g在单词中不发音, -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【同】job; work

【例句】The final examination usually involves two written assignments of between 1500 and 3000 words in length. 期末考试通常包含两篇字数在1500至3000之间的书面作业。

【要点】英国大学的常见考核方式：

1. assignment就是所谓的"作业", 一般占学期考试总分的10%~50%。文科以论文(essay)为主, 理科以实际演示和勘测为主。

2. presentation(报告)在文科中比较多, 通常是 assignment的一个组成部分, 占总分数的25%左右。

3. exam一般指的是"笔试"。

4. project指老师布置的比较大的作业, 多数情况下是指毕业论文(thesis或 dissertation).

5. role play(角色扮演)通常只在文科中出现, 是按照老师的要求, 对一个特定的主题表达自己的想法等。

-n.任务；作业

【例句】

1. Don't put off your assignment until tomorrow.不要把你的作业推迟到明天才做。

2. Have you been given any writing assignments yet?有人给你布置写作作业了吗？

538- attention

n.注意（力）, 留心; 立正

【搭配】attract/draw(sb's)attention to吸引注意力, 令（某人）注意某事物; divert attention from 转移注意力; pay attention to 注意; catch the attention of引起注意

【例句】One problem that deserves attention now is the severe pollution.现在, 值得人们注意的一个问题是严重的污染。

【要点】雅思听力Section 2或 Section 3经常会是一个lecture(演讲), 演讲者 ( lecturer)往往会以" May I have your attention, please? "来开始整场讲座。

539- attentive

a.注意的, 专心的; 关心的, 体贴的

【例句】Kate is attentive to her work. 凯特工作很专心。

540- assistant

a.辅助的, 助理的 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.助手, 助教

【例句】Jane was an assistant teacher at university. 简在大学当助教

【要点】在国外的一些大学中, 老师按职称分为以下几类：professor(教授),

【搭配】associate professor(副教授), assistant professor(助理教授), lecturer(讲师), assistant(助教)。

-n.助理，助手 -a.辅助的

【搭配】the assistant manager 助理经理；a senior assistant master 高级助理教师

【例句】

1. I am an assistant to one of the automotive electricians in the workshop.我在车间做汽车电工的助手。

2. The employees felt that their assistant manager was closer to them than the manager.员工们觉得助理经理比经理更亲近他们。

541- associate

a.副的 形容词发音 n.合作人, 伙伴, 【同】事, 【同】行 名词发音? 和动词发音? v.使联系, 使联合; 交往, 结合

【同】link; make a connection

【搭配】associate with-relate to; link with associate with 和...相关; business associate 商业伙伴; associate professor 副教授

【例句】Most lectures in this term are associated with the professional knowledge. 这学期的大多数讲座都和专业知识有关。

-v.使联合；联想；交往 -n.伙伴；同事 -a.副的

【搭配】associate with 和...相关，联合；business associate 商业伙伴； associate professor 副教授

【例句】

1. In China, cranes and pine trees are both associated with longevity.在中国，仙鹤和松树都令人联想到长寿。

2. People always associate noise with headaches, and for most of us excessive noise creates the conditions for a headache.人们总是把噪音和头疼联系在一 起；对于我们大多数人来说，过多的噪音是引起头疼的因素。

【同义】combine(v.使结合)；join(v.加入；结合)

542- board

n.木板; 甲板; 膳食; 委员会, 董事会 v.上船（车、飞机）

【搭配】on board在船（车、飞机）上; take on board考虑, 接受; boarding school住宿学校

【例句】A: You can just have evening meal provided, which is half board.

B: That's for?

A: A lot of students.

A: 你可以选择只提供一顿晚餐的半膳服务。

B: 它是？

A: 很多学生都选这种。

【要点】board这个词常用在机场场景中, 表示"上飞机"。我们常说的登机牌就是 boarding card, 其他相关的词汇有海关官员(customs officer)、空姐(air hostess)、安全带(safe belt)。

543- brief

a.简短的, 简洁的 n.简报 v.简短介绍, 简要汇报

【同】concise; short

【搭配】in brief 简单地说, 简言之; a brief of ...的摘要

【例句】The lecture will start with a brief story of the district, and then focus on life in the first half of the twentieth century. 演讲将从该街区的一段简短故事开始, 然后集中讲20世纪前50年的生活。

544- attribute

n.属性, 特征; 标志, 象征 动词发音? v.把...归于; 归属 名词发音?

【搭配】attribute to归结于, 归功于, 因为

【例句】Peter attributes his success to hard work. 彼得把自己的成功归因于勤奋。

【要点】attribute常和介词to【搭配】, 另外要注意两个单词衔接时的吞音现象。

v.把...归于，归因于

【搭配】attribute to归结于，归功于，因为

【例句】

1. We can, perhaps, attribute mediocre results to an inadequate placebo effect. The students have not developed the appropriate mind set. They are often not motivated to learn through this method.或许，我们可以把平庸的成绩归因于安慰剂效应不够。学生们还没有培养出适当的思维定势。他们往往不会通过这种方法主动学习。

2. 17 per cent of cases of lung cancer can be attributed to high levels of exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke during childhood and adolescence. 17%的肺癌病例可以归因于在儿童和青少年时期高频率地接触二手烟。

3. The global increase in greenhouse gases is mainly attributed to industrial pollution in developed countries.全球温室气体的增加主要归咎于发达国家的工业污染。

【同义】quality(n.质量；性质)；ascribe(v.归因于，归咎于)

-n.属性；品质 -v.把...归于

【搭配】attribute to归结于，归功于，因为

【例句】 The global increase in greenhouse gases has been attributed to industrial pollution in developed countries.全球温室气体的增加是由于发达国家的工业污染导致的。

【同义】quality(n.质量，性质)；ascribe(v.归因于，归咎于)

545- bachelor

n.单身汉; 学士（学位）

【搭配】a bachelor's' degree学士学位

【例句】John became Bachelor of Science last year. 约翰去年获得了理学学士学位。

-n.学士；单身汉

【例句】

1. Some students prefer to work as soon as they graduate, because their parents have supported them financially throughout their university years, and now they can easily find a job with a bachelor's degree.有些学生更愿意一毕业就工作。因为父母已经资助他们上完了大学，而现在有了学士学位，他们可以轻松 地找到工作。

2. Tom does a Bachelor of Social Sciences in the University of Cambridge.汤姆在剑桥大学攻读社会学的学士学位。

546- basis

n.基础; 根据

【同】foundation

【搭配】on the basis of 根据, 在...的基础上

【例句】She was offered the job on the basis of her experience. 由于有工作经验, 她得到了这份工作。

547- brochure

n.小册子, 说明书

【同】pamphlet

【搭配】holiday brochure 度假手册

【例句】Please inform us of your trade term and product brochure. 请告知我们贵方的贸易条件及产品说明书。

【要点】相关词汇：
leaflet 传单,
folder 文件夹,
catalogue 目录,
handout 讲义材料,
- calculate v.计算, 推算; 计划, 打算

【同】figure; work out

【搭配】be calculated to do sth. 旨在, 打算; a calculated crime有预谋的犯罪

【例句】It's difficult to calculate how many students wil attend the meeting. 很难计算会有多少学生来开这个会。

548- calculate

549- cartography

n.地图学

【搭配】cartography section制图科

【例句】Studying cartography in college is someone's dream. 去大学学习地图学是某些人的梦想。

【要点】相关词汇：
philosophy 哲学,
logic 逻辑学,
ethics 伦理学,
anthropology 人类学,
sociology 社会学.

550- case

n.箱, 盒, 容器; 情况, 事实; 病例; 案件

【搭配】in any case 无论如何, 总之; in case 假如, 免得; in case of 假使, 万一; case study 个案研究; in most cases 在多数情况下

【例句】We like students to write a case study, describing an organization they know. 我们希望学生写份个案研究, 描述他们所了解的一个组织。

【要点】在雅思听力考试中, case常作"病例"讲, 也可以是case history。下面讲一些医院场景中常用的词汇与短语：
clinic 诊所,
first-aid station 急救站,
medical department 内科,
surgical department 外科,
dental department 牙科,
general surgery 普通外科,
pediatrics department 小儿科,
registration office 挂号处,
out-patient department(OPD) 门诊部,
in-patient department 住院部,
nursing department 护理部,
consulting room 诊室,
waiting room 候诊室,
admitting office 住院处,
emergency room 急诊室,
operation room手术室,
laboratory 化验室,
pharmacy 药房,
ward 病房,
observation ward 观察室,
hospital bed 病床,
emergency case 急诊病人,
- chase v.追捕, 追求; 赢得; 雕镂

【同】pursue

【搭配】chase up 为某一目的而寻找; 不断要求得到

【例句】You will chase up your tutor if you fail to understand something in class. 如果你们在课堂上没听懂, 可以去找你们的导师。

551- chase

552- circumstance

n.情况, 形势, 环境; 经济情形, 境况

【搭配】in/under...circumstances在...情况下; in/under no circumstances在任何情况下决不

【例句】The matter depends on you, your own study habits and your own financial circumstances. 这个问题取决于你自己、你的学习习惯和经济状况。

【要点】under no circumstances放在句首时, 其后的句子要倒装, 所以听的时候要注意。

-n.环境；境况，情况

【搭配】in easy/poor circumstances 处于富裕/贫穷的境况；in/under the

181circumstances 在这种情况下；under no circumstances 无论如何都不； in straitened circumstances 勉强糊口；pomp and circumstance 盛大和隆重的场合

【例句】

1. It depends on individual circumstances. Although salary plays an important role in choosing a career, for new graduates the opportunity to learn weighs more than salary.这取决于个人的状况。虽然在选择职业时，薪水是要考虑的重 点之一,但是对刚毕业的学生来说学习的机会比薪水更重要。

2. In social circumstances, dress has often been used as a sign of roles.在社交场合，服装通常被看做角色的标志。

3. First of all, earlier technology and the latest technology, in many circumstances, are complementary to each other, and serve different people for various purposes.首先，在很多情况下，早期技术和最新技术互为补充，为不同群体、不同目标而服务。

【同义】condition(n.条件)；environment(n.环境)

【要点】circumstance一般指的是境况，在口语考试中，我们常常会用到under the circumstances(在这种情况下)来承接上面所说的内容，并引出接下来要 说的内容。如果你想使自己的口语表达更连贯一些，可以多使用一些类似 的承接词或是连接词。circumstance的近义词environment是指环境，涉及范 围比circumstance大。

553- cite

v.引用, 引证; 传唤, 传讯; 表彰, 嘉奖

【同】give an example

【例句】Can you cite some evidence in support of your opinion? 你能引用一些证据来支持你的观点吗？

554- common

a.普通的, 平常的; 共同的, 公共的

【同】ordinary

【搭配】in common 共用, 共有, 共同

【例句】Do you know what Prince Charles, Seve Ballesteros and Elizabeth Taylor have in common? 你知道查尔斯王子、塞夫...巴雷斯特罗斯和伊丽莎白...泰勒有什么共同之处吗？

555- compete

v.比赛; 竞争

【搭配】compete against/with与...竞争

【例句】The company can't compete with its counterparts on product quality. 这家公司在产品质量上竞争不过它的对手。

556- compose

v.组成, 构成; 由...组成; 创作（歌曲、诗歌等）

【同】consist of; make up of

【搭配】be composed of 由...组成

【例句】You'll note that all of the subjects which you undertake in the first year are composed of lectures and tutorials. 你会注意到第一年你上的所有科目都由讲座和辅导组成。

v.组成，构成；创作（乐曲等）

【例句】

1. The MSC appoints a certification committee, composed of a panel of fisheries experts, which gathers information and opinions from fishermen, biologists, government officials, industry representatives, non-governmental organisation sand others.海洋管理委员会任命认证委员会，该委员会由渔业专家组成，从渔民、生物学家、政府官员、业界代表、非政府机构等处收集信息及意见。

2. Once the email is composed, the malware is just as carefully designed to avoid detection by security software.一旦电子邮件撰写完成，恶意软件如同精心设计过一样可以躲过安全软件的侦查。

3. All of the subjects which you undertake in the first year are composed of lectures and tutorials.第一年你要学习的所有科目由讲座和辅导课构成。

-v.组成，构成；创作（乐曲等）

【例句】All of the subjects which you undertake in the first year are composed of lectures and tutorials.第一年你所要学习的科目由讲座和辅导课构成。

557- composition

n.作品, 作文, 乐曲; 写作, 作曲; 结构, 组成, 成分

【同】piece of music

【搭配】composition of...的组成

【例句】There are many grammar errors in your composition.你的作文中有很多语法错误。

n.作文，作曲；构成；合成物

【例句】Over the past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably.在过去的一个世纪里，人类基因库的组成没有明显的改变。

558- comprehensive

a.全面的, 综合的

【同】exhaustive; thorough

【搭配】comprehensive school综合中学

【例句】London has an old but effective underground system, and a comprehensive bus and train system above ground. 伦敦的地下铁路系统虽然历史悠久但快捷有效, 地上的公交及铁路系统也是四通八达。

a.全面的；综合的

【例句】

1. The logical nature of the textbooks and their comprehensive coverage of examples make the work sheets unnecessary. 课本的逻辑性及其所涵盖的例子的广泛性使课堂练习本变得不再必要。

2. London has an old but effective underground train system, and a comprehensive bus and train system above ground.伦敦的地下铁路系统古老但高效，地上的公交及铁路系统也是四通八达。

【要点】comprehensive除了“综合的，广泛的”意思，还有“有理解力的”之意，但该词义在雅思阅读中并不常见，而其名词形式comprehension,意为“理解，理解力”在雅思阅读中却很常见，如：The teacher's task of improving comprehension is made harder by influences outside the classroom.老师提高学生理解力的工作会因为课堂外的影响而变得更加困难。

-a.全面的；综合的

【例句】

1. She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject.她已全面掌握了这一学科。

2. London has an old but effective underground train system, and a comprehensive bus and train system above ground.伦敦的地下铁路系统历史悠久但快捷有效,地上的公交及铁路系统也是四通八达。

【要点】comprehensive一词除了"全面的，广泛的"还有"能充分理解的，包容 的"之意，常用搭配有be comprehensive of,意思是"包含..."。

559- compromise

v./n.妥协, 折中

【搭配】reach a compromise over sth. 就某事达成妥协

【例句】The two companies reached a compromise over price in the end. 这两家公司最终就价格达成协议。

560- concentrate

n.浓缩物 v.集中, 专心; 浓缩

【同】concentrate on→be absorbed in; focus on

【搭配】concentrate on集中, 专心, 倾全力于, 全神贯注于; concentrate on those things one does well 集中精力做自己擅长的事

【例句】The commodity where customers stand still and concentrate for more than a few seconds is good for sales. 顾客停留并注视超过几秒钟的商品适合销售。

v.全神贯注；聚集

【搭配】 concentrate on 集中，全神贯注于；concentrate one's mind 使某人认真地考虑某事

【例句】

1. The larva devotes much of its life to feeding and building up its food reserves so that as an adult it will be free to concentrate all its efforts on the task of finding a mate and reproducing. 幼虫大部分时间都在进食，以储备营养，这样在它变为成虫之后，就能集中精力寻找配偶并繁衍后代。

2. Most of the world's disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in SoutheastAsia.世界大部分磁盘驱动设备的制造业都集中在东南亚地区。

3. The Ancient Greeks used lenses or concave mirrors to concentrate the sun's rays.古希腊人用镜片或凹面镜来聚集太阳光。

【同义】 focus(v.集中)

【反义】 distract(v.使...分心)

【派生】concentrated(a.极度的；浓缩的)

561- concentration

n.集中; 专心, 专注; 浓缩, 浓度

【例句】Physical exercise cannot only improve children's behaviour but also develop concentration.体育运动不仅能规范孩子们的行为还能提高他们的注意力。

n.专注；集中，集合

【搭配】 concentration on sth.集中于某事物；concentration of sth.....的集中

【例句】

1. Rowena has phenomenal concentration; some might even consider her obsessive.罗伊娜异常专注，有些人甚至认为她沉迷于此。

2. Port cities become industrial, financial and service centers as well as political capitals because of their water connections and the urban concentration which arises there and later draws to it railways, highways and air routes.因为拥有水运网络并且形成了市镇，渐渐地又建立起铁路、公路及航空运输网络，所以港口城市就变成了工业、金融、服务以及政治中心。

3. The concentration of vehicles makes air quality in urban areas unpleasant and sometimes dangerous to breathe.机动车辆的集中使城市空气受到了污染，有时甚至不宜呼吸。

-n.专注；集中，集合

【搭配】concentration on sth.专注于；concentration of sth......的集中

【例句】

1. The concentration of energy invested into planning for a child's future is noticeable in China.这个现象在中国非常显著，即家长们会集中精力为孩子规划未来。

2. The survey found that it was computer games that affected their concentration and ability to learn.调查发现，正是电脑游戏使他们不能专心学习，影响了他们的学习能力。

3. This concentration of vehicles makes air in urban areas unpleasant and sometimes dangerous to breathe.车辆密集使城市中的空气质量下降，有时甚至不宜呼吸。

【要点】concentration的动词形式是concentrate"集中；全神贯注"，如：Even if you concentrate all your energies on your study, without proper strategies, you still cannot secure good marks.(即使你将全部精力集中在学习上，方法不当，你也未必能取得好成绩。)

562- conclusion

n.结束, 终结; 结论, 推论

【同】in conclusion→ in a word; to sum up

【搭配】in conclusion 最后, 总之; draw a conclusion 得出结论; at the conclusion of 当...结束时

【例句】After discussion, several students arrived at the same conclusion.经过讨论, 这几个学生得出了相【同】的结论。

【要点】在考试中, 一旦听到in conclusion, 考生要注意, 接下来会对文章作总结, 常有考点。

-n.结论

【例句】

1. In conclusion, the battle between media and celebrities is constant, and often there are victims. 总的来讲，媒体和名人之间的争斗是永恒的，而且通常都 有受害人。

2. We can come to the conclusion that being given the same work, a self- confident person will find it much easier than someone who holds a gloomy view of one's own ability. 我们可以得出这样的结论，被给予相同工作的情 况下，相比对自己能力持否定态度的人，一个自信的人会觉得这件工作更 容易。

3. We have come to the conclusion that the major cause of back pain is not with the design of chairs, but in the way we sit in them. 我们得出的结论是，背痛主 要不是由椅子设计的原因造成的，而是由我们的坐姿引起的。 除了in conclusion这个短语可以表示总结外，还有to conclude,to sum up 等，在口语中交替使用这些短语可以避免重复。常见的由单词conclusion 构成的短语还有draw a conclusion(得出结论，作结论)和come to a conclusion(得出结论；告终)。

563- confuse

v.使混乱, 混淆; 使迷惑, 使糊涂

【同】mix up; puzzle

【搭配】confuse. with 把. 和...混淆, 把...和...混为一谈

【例句】I'm afraid I'm a bit confused by what you said just now. 我可能被你刚才说的话弄得有点糊涂。

-v.使混乱；使困惑

【搭配】confuse.with 把...和...混淆，把...和...混为一谈

【例句】 Nowadays, tons of professors all over the world give us thousands of suggestions about how to keep healthy, which sometimes make people confused.现在，世界各地的许多专家针对如何保持健康给我们提供了成千上万的建议，这有 时会使大家感到困惑。

564- constitute

v.组成, 构成 英式发音? 美式发音?

【同】make up

【例句】The bottle lid constitutes twenty five percent of the total weight. 瓶盖的重量占总重量的25%。

v.组成，构成；设立；任命

【例句】

1. Some researchers say the results constitute compelling evidence that telepathy is genuine. 一些研究者声称，这些结果构成强有力的证据，证明心灵感应是真实的。

2. It is always the basic material which constitutes the object and which, in the natural course of things, is worn down and becomes“older”.这往往是组成物体的基本材料，而从事物的自然属性上看，它是会磨损、变旧的。

3. The lid constitutes twenty-five percent of the can's total weight.盖子占罐子总重的25%。

【派生】constitution(n.构成，组织；宪法)

【要点】constitute作“组成，构成”之意时，可以与compose,comprise互换，而consist of, be composed of和comprise表示“由...组成”。在阅读中要注意这几个词的用法区别。

565- consult

v.请教; 查阅; 商议

【同】confer

【搭配】consult with 商议; consult one's pillow 通夜思考

【例句】You do not need to consult your doctor immediately if the tablets give you some side-effect. 如果这些药片产生某种副作用, 你不必立即去咨询医生。

v.请教；查阅：商议

【例句】

1. In the English-speaking scientific world, surveys of books and documents

consulted in libraries and other information agencies have shown that very little foreign-language material is ever consulted.在英语国家的科学界，对图书馆和其他信息机构图书及文件查询情况的调查表明，人们很少查阅外语资料。

2. They combine the visual landmarks with a mental library of local directions, all within a framework which is consulted and updated.他们把视觉路标和大脑中储存的方位信息结合起来，形成一个可供参考且实时更新的信息框架。

3. You do not need to consult your doctor immediately if the tablets give you some side-effect.如果这种药片对你产生某种副作用，你不必立即去咨询医生。

-v.请教；查阅；商议

【例句】Children should consult their parents when it is necessary while it is wise for parents to give their children some freedom.孩子们应该在必要的时候请教家长；而对于家长来说，给孩子一些自由才是明智的做法。

566- crocodile

n.鳄鱼; 鳄鱼皮

【搭配】crocodile tears(鳄鱼的眼泪)假哭, 假慈悲

【例句】Crocodiles are being farmed for their meat. 鳄鱼被饲养以供食用。

【要点】相关词汇：

reptile 爬行动物,
cold-blooded 冷血的,
cobra 眼镜蛇 ,
gavial 长吻鳄.

567- cultivation

n.耕种; 培养, 教育

【例句】Now, the cultivation of crops can bring great profit. 如今, 种植农作物能获得巨大利润。

568- content

a.满足的, 愿意的 n.含量; 内容; 满意; 目录 v.使满足

【搭配】be content with 对...感到满足

【例句】I'd like to get some insurance for the contents of my home. 我想给家里的东西投保。

569- controversy

n.争论, 辩论 英式发音? 美式发音?

【同】difference of opinion; disagreement

【要点】注意英音和美音的重音位置不同

【例句】There exists a controversy over a plan for new dormitory building. 建造新公寓楼的计划存在争议。

n.争论；论战；辩论

【例句】But some of his efforts have failed: last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a "McPassport" which allows McDonald's employees to work anywhere in the European Union.但是他的努力已经失败了，去年他引发了一场争论，是关于引入“麦当劳护照”允许麦当劳的员工在欧盟任何地方工作的争论。

570- deception

n.欺骗; 诡计

【同】deceit; trickery

【搭配】intentional deception 故意的欺骗行为

【例句】The husband didn't have the courage to admit his deception.那个丈夫没有勇气承认他的欺骗行为。

571- cooperation

n.合作, 协作; 配合

【例句】The president's visit promoted the cooperation between the two parties. 主席的访问促进了两党间的合作。

【要点】注意考试时不要和corporation混淆。

572- deliberate

a.深思熟虑的; 故意的; 有准备的 形容词发音 v.商讨; 思量, 思考 动词发音?

【同】intentional

【搭配】deliberate attempt 故意; deliberate murder 蓄意谋杀

【例句】I think this is a deliberate action to mislead the mass media. 我认为这是一个故意误导大众媒体的行为。

【要点】deliberate 作动词"思量"时后加over/on/about 等词。

573- demonstrate

v.论证, 证实; 演示, 说明

【同】confirm; show

【搭配】demonstrate one's ability 显示某人的能力

【例句】The dancing club has demonstrated its strength. 该舞蹈俱乐部显示了它的实力。

-v.说明；论证；展示

【搭配】demonstrate one's ability 显示自己的能力

【例句】

1. In my point of view, teachers should give students more opportunities to demonstrate their creativity.我认为老师应该给学生更多的机会来表现他们的 创造力。

2. Crick and Watson demonstrated the structure of the DNA molecule in their academic papers.克里克和沃森在他们的学术论文中展示了DNA的分子结构。同义display(v.展览，显示)；show(v.说明，显示)；illustrate(v.举例说 明，阐明)

574- dimensional

a.空间的

【例句】You can't exactly replicate something that is three-dimensional, like our planet, on a flat piece of paper. 你无法在一张纸的平面上精确地复制一个三维的物体, 比如我们的星球。

【要点】three-dimensional常简写为3D

575- dinosaur

n.恐龙

【例句】Not everyone is showing great interest in the comprehensive guide to dinosaurs. 并不是每个人都对恐龙的综合介绍感兴趣。

【要点】相关词汇：
mammoth 长毛象,
porpoise 海豚,
chameleon 变色龙,
caterpillar 毛毛虫,
- diploma n.毕业文凭, 学位证书

【例句】A: Have you seen our diploma course prospectus yet?

B: No, I'm wondering where I can get it.

A: 你看到我们的学位课程简章了吗？

B: 没有呢, 我想知道在哪儿能看到。

【要点】diploma常出现在教育场景中, 与"教育"相关的词汇有：
technical school 技校,
polytechnic institute 理工学院/科技大学,
graduate school 研究生院,
open university 夜大, 函大,
period of schooling 学习年限,
credit system 学分制,
diploma=graduation certificate 毕业证书,
associate diploma 专科证书,
- disappointment n.失望 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】to one's disappointment令人失望的是...

【例句】To my disappointment, I have to resit the exam at the end of this year. 令我失望的是, 我必须在今年年底参加补考。

576- diploma

577- defense

n.防御, 保护; 答辩; 防务工事

【例句】The defenses of the country must be reinforced. 该国的防务工事必须加强。

【要点】注意该词还有"论文答辩"之意。

578- disappointment

579- discussion

n.讨论, 谈论

【搭配】group discussion 小组讨论

【例句】Group discussion is an important part of the decision-making process. 小组讨论是决策过程中重要的一步。

580- dispute

v./n.争论, 争执

【同】argument; disagreement

【搭配】in dispute 在争论中, 未决的; dispute with争论, 争执; beyond dispute毫无争议

【例句】After a long dispute, the student at last abandoned the programme. 经过长时间的争论, 那名学生最终放弃了那个项目。

n./v.争论；争吵

【搭配】in dispute 在争论中；dispute with 争论，争执；beyond dispute 毫无争议；dispute over 争论

【例句】

1. Groundwater aquifers are being pumped down faster than they are naturally replenished in parts of India, China, the USA and elsewhere. And disputes over shared water resources have led to violence and continue to raise local, national and even international tensions.印度、中国、美国和其他地方的一些地下水含水层正在以比它们自然充满更快的速度被抽取。关于共享水资源的争论已经导致了暴力行为，并且继而引起当地、国内，甚至国际间的紧张形式。

2. When participants get into disputes or arguments with each other, then it's time for the facilitator to take on the role of“friction manager”.当与会者之间发生争执时，会议促进者就要担当起“消除摩擦”的角色。

581- doctorate

n.博士学位

【例句】After getting his doctorate last year, he decided to continue that research. 去年取得博士学位后, 他决定继续那项研究。

【要点】申请英国大学的博士学位, 学校不同会有所差异。通常要先获得硕士学位(教学式硕士)、MPhil或MRes, 才能申请攻读博士学位。学校都会要求提供外语能力证明, 如IELTS6. 5分或以上的程度。

582- download

v.下载

【例句】Do they download songs from the Internet? 他们是从网上下载歌曲吗？

【要点】这里介绍一下与计算机操作相关的常考词汇：
document 文档,
access 存取,
backup备份,
hardware 硬件,
software 软件,
copy复制,
paste 粘贴,
database 数据库.

583- еpic

584- eradicate

v.根除, 消灭

【例句】We discovered a few of them in Queensland once and eradicated them. 我们有一次在昆士兰发现了它们中的一小部分, 并把它们都消灭了。

-v.根除

【搭配】attempts to eradicate crime力图根除犯罪行为

【例句】 Lastly, I believe that it will take much more time to eradicate this practice.最后，我认为要根除这种做法还需要很多时间。

【派生】 eradication(n.根除)；eradicator(n.根除者)

【同义】eliminate(v.消除)；exterminate(v.根除)

585- education

n.教育, 培养, 训练

【搭配】education system 教育制度; further education 继续教育; elementary education 初等教育; universal education 普及教育

【例句】Actually the qualification isn't that important; on the contrary, those employees who have lower education have a lot of working experiences. 实际上, 证书并不是那么重要; 相反, 那些受教育较少的员工有丰富的工作经验。

【要点】在国外, 教育的类型很多, 有些学生会接受高等教育(higher education), 有些学生会选择职业教育(vocational education), 还有一些学生会去进修 (further education), 选择成人教育(adult education)来提高自己的文化修养, 优秀的学生还会选择重点院校(key school)。

586- embed

v.把...嵌入（或埋入、插入）, 扎牢; 使深留脑中

【搭配】be embedded in植根于

【例句】The traditional idea is deeply embedded in our university. 这种传统的想法在我们大学根深蒂固。

v.栽种；使嵌入，使插入；使深留脑中

【搭配】 be embedded in 植根于

【例句】 They are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factors that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run.他们研发了一种隐蔽传感器，将之放入运动员的衣服或运动鞋内，来监控其心率、排汗、产生的热量等其他可能影响运动员跑步能力的因素。

【同义】 wedge(v.楔入，楔进)；fix(v. 使固定)

587- failure

n.失败, 不及格; 失败者; 故障, 失灵

【搭配】failure rate 失败率; 故障率; power failure停电

【例句】Jill was worried about her failure in the final exam. 吉尔担心自己期末考试不及格。

588- erode

v.侵蚀, 腐蚀 -erosion(n.侵蚀)

【搭配】erode away 侵蚀

【例句】The fact that the surrounding softer rocks were eroded by wind and rain, leaving those huge outcrops high above the plain.由于周围质地较软的岩石被风和雨水腐蚀, 使露出地面的巨大岩层高耸于平原之上。

v.腐蚀，侵蚀

【例句】 The fertile land of the Nile delta is being eroded at an astounding rate, in some parts estimated at 100 metres per year.尼罗河三角洲肥沃的土地正在以惊人的速度被侵蚀着,在某些地方估计侵蚀速度达到了每年100米。

589- essay

n.文章, 短文

【例句】I am going to get some of these books out and start reading for the first essay I've got to write. 我将从这些书中选择一些开始阅读, 为写第一篇论文做准备。

590- exam

n.考试, 测验; 试题

【搭配】open-book exam开卷考试

【例句】In addition to an essay, there is an open-book exam for the final exam. 期末考试除了有一篇论文, 还有开卷考试。

591- exclude

v.把...排斥在外; 不包括

【搭配】exclude sth. from sth. 把...排除在...之外

【例句】A: How often do you go shopping?

B: Oh, when we're talking about it, could I exclude food?

A: 你多久购物一次？

B: 哦, 我们聊这个的时候, 可以不把食物算在内吗？

592- excusable

a.可原谅的; 可谅解的

【搭配】excusable mistake可以原谅的错误

【例句】Absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness. 心不在焉是人的一种可以原谅的缺点。

593- feedback

n.反馈, 反馈信息

【搭配】provide feedback 提供反馈信息; feedback on.对...的反馈

【例句】I will ask each group to give feedback on your research. 我会让各组就你们的研究给出反馈信息。

n.反馈；反馈信息

【搭配】 provide feedback 提供反馈信息；feedback on.关于...的反馈信息

【例句】 Essentially, it provides an effective feedback loop from both customers and employees.这从本质上给顾客和员工提供了一个有效的反馈循环。

-n.反馈；反馈信息

【搭配】 provide feedback 提供反馈信息；feedback on 关于...的反馈信息

【例句】

1. Employee feedback is reviewed daily and suggestions are implemented within 48 hours, if possible, or a valid reason is given for non-implementation.每天检查员工的反馈信息，有可能的话48小时内实施他们所提出的建议，如果不 采纳意见，要给出充分的理由。

2. Essentially, it provides an effective feedback loop from both customers and employees.从实质上看，这为顾客和员工提供了一个有效的反馈循环。

594- finish

n.结束, 完成; 最后阶段 v.结束, 完成

【搭配】finish off结束, 完成; 完全吃光

【例句】

1. Linda has finished her college course. 琳达大学毕业了。

2. A: When does the course finish?

B: There is no fixed date. It depends on everyone's learning speed.

A: 这门课程什么时候结束？

B: 没有固定的日期。它取决于每个人的学习速度。

595- flora

n.一切植物, 植物区系; 花神

【例句】That must have had a devastating effect on the natural flora. 这一定已经对这里天然的植物造成了毁灭性的影响。

596- fluency

n.流利

【例句】What took you there? Was it to gain more fluency in Spanish? 你为什么去那个地方？是为了让西班牙语更流利吗？

-n. 流畅，流利

【例句】 When students get used to thinking in English, they'll find it easier to talk at length and their fluency will be improved at the same time.当学生们习惯了用 英文思考,他们就会发现讲一大段话变得比较容易了,与此同时他们的英 语流利程度也会随之提高。

597- focus

n.焦点, （活动、兴趣等的）中心 v.使聚集, 集中

【同】focus on→concentrate on

【搭配】focus sth. on使聚集, 集中; （使）仪器聚焦

【例句】In today's lecture our focus is on English literature. 今天, 我们演讲的主要内容是英国文学。

【要点】在雅思听力考试中常会听到focus on这个短语, 考生要注意on后面的内容, 常成为考点。

598- footer

n.脚注

【同】footnote

【搭配】page footer 页脚

【例句】The page footer is employed to show the page number of the document. 来表明文件的页数。

599- format

n.格式 v.使格式化

【搭配】table format 表格格式

【例句】You can use the computer to format your disc. 你可以用计算机将磁盘格式化。

600- fragment

v.使成碎片 名词发音? n.碎片, 小部分, 片断 动词发音? -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【例句】I overheard a fragment of the teachers' conversation when passing by the office. 我路过办公室时无意间听到一段老师的对话。

601- freshwater

n.淡水, 湖水

【例句】The melting glaciers formed a huge freshwater lake. 融化的冰川形成了一个巨大的淡水湖。

【要点】要注意freshwater这个合成名词的重读音节在第一个单词上。

602- frustrate

v.挫败, 阻挠, 使灰心 英式发音? 美式发音?

【要点】注意英音和美音的重音位置不同

【例句】It is so frustrating that I lost my purse on the bus. 我在公交车上去丢了钱包, 这真令人沮丧。

603- glue

n.胶, 胶水 v.胶合, 粘贴

【例句】This activity involves quite a bit of glue, so just make sure the kids are in old clothes. 这项活动会用到很多胶水, 因此要确保孩子们穿旧衣服。

【要点】"胶带"的表示法：sticky/adhesive tape

604- forgo

v.放弃, 抛弃

【同】abandon; give up

【例句】Jack has to forgo his vacation so as to take a summer English course. 杰克为了参加暑期英语班只好放弃他的休假。

v.放弃；停止；对...断念

【例句】Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher- subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure.为什么有这么多教师受试者会因为机构权威人物的命令,而愿意丢弃个人的责任感?对于这个问题,我们有两种完全不同的解释。

605- graduate

a.毕了业的; 研究生的 名词发音? n.毕业生, 研究生 动词发音? v.毕业; 获学位; 逐渐变得

【搭配】graduate from从...毕业

【例句】I went to that company in 1993 just after graduating from university. 1993年我刚从大学毕业就去了那家公司。

606- graph

n.图表, 示意图, 曲线图

【搭配】bar graph 线条图

【例句】The graph below shows the population growth over the past several years. 下面这个图表显示了过去几年的人口增长情况。

【要点】这里补充一些其他英文图表的名称：
line graph 曲线图,
pie chart 饼图,
table 表格,
column graph 柱状图,
diagram 流程图,
flow chart 流程图,
area graph 区域图,
scatter gram 点状图.

607- grip

v./n.紧握, 抓紧.

【同】grasp; master

【搭配】be in the grip of. 在. 的掌控下

【例句】Joe has got the grip of the subject. 乔已经掌握了该科目。

608- header

n.标头; 页眉; 头球; 收割台

【搭配】page header 页眉

【例句】The usage of header giving the page number and date of the document is strongly recommended by people. 人们极力推荐使用页眉, 因为页眉能够表明文件的页数和日期。

609- highlight

v.强调, 突出

【同】emphasize; underline

【例句】You'd better underline or highlight new words in this text. 你最好将这一个文本中的新词加下划线或突出一下。

-v.强调，突出

【例句】

1. The place has been named a national park by our government in order to highlight its natural swamps and a great variety of flora.为了凸显这个地方的 自然湿地和多样的植物群，我们政府授予其"国家公园"的荣誉称号。

2. There are so many causes of sexual discrimination, and I would like to highlight the fact that men often determine the wages in the companies.有很多导致 性别歧视的原因,而我想强调的是,在公司里,通常都是男性决定工资。

3. You'd better underline or highlight new words in this paragraph.你最好将这 个段落的生词划线或突出标记一下。

610- insist

v.坚持要求, 坚决主张; 坚持 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】insist on坚持要求, 坚决主张

【例句】We do not insist on any prerequisites for this course. 我们对该课程不设任何先决条件。

【要点】insist在作"坚持要求"之意时, 其后的从句用虚拟语气形式, 即should+ 动词原形, should可省略。

611- inspiring

a.鼓舞（或激励）人心的; 启发灵感的

【搭配】an in spring successful story 激励人心的成功故事

【例句】King was an inspiring tutor. 金是一位激励人心的老师。

612- hypothesis

n.假说, 假设, 前提

【同】premise

【搭配】Continental Drift Hypothesis 大陆漂移说; raise a hypothesis 提出假设

【例句】The hypothesis has been even recognised as the realm of science fiction.该假说甚至被认为属于科幻小说。

n.假设，假说

【搭配】 Continental Drift Hypothesis 大陆漂移说；raise a hypothesis 提出一个假 设；prove a hypothesis 证明某种假设正确

【例句】

1. Sometimes a small sample of data will be enough to decide a linguistic hypothesis; by contrast corpora in major research projects can total millions of words.有时少量数据样本就足以确定一个语言学假设，相反，大型研究的语料库则会包含上百万词。

2. You have to discard or modify your hypothesis if the predictions are not shown to be correct. 如果预测被证明是不正确的，你就必须放弃或修改你的假设。

【同义】 supposition(n. 假定；猜想)；assumption(n. 假定，臆断)

【派生】 hypothesize(v.假设)；hypothetical(a.假设的)

613- ideal

a.理想的, 完美的; 空想的; 理想主义的; 唯心的 n.理想; 完美典型, 典范

【例句】The type of presentation is ideal in our situation.这种介绍就我们的情况来说有点理想化。

-a.理想的；想象的 -n.理想；理想的人或物

【例句】

1. An ideal home would be set on a rocky cliff in East Maine overlooking the spectacular Atlantic Ocean.一个理想的家应该建在缅因州东部的悬崖峭壁上，遥望波澜壮阔的大西洋。

2. Practice makes perfect; students should work hard to get an ideal score in the exam.熟能生巧，学生们应该努力学习从而在考试中取得理想的分数。

3. Many students think more theoretical knowledge and a higher degree can help them to find an ideal job in future.很多学生认为更多的理论知识和更高的学历能帮助他们在未来找到理想的工作。

614- illustrate

v.举例说明, 阐明; 给...作插图说明

【同】show

【搭配】illustrate the point 举例说明这一点

【例句】The following graphs illustrate how the equipment operates in practice. 下面这几张图描述了这个设备的实际工作原理。

-v.(用图或例子等)说明；为...作插图

【搭配】illustrate the point 举例说明这一点

【例句】 The famous comic book named Prince of Tennis, illustrated by a Japanese cartoonist, has made tennis more popular.这本名叫《网球王子》的著名漫画 书，由日本漫画家所画，使网球运动变得更加流行。

615- impulse

n.推动; 冲动, 刺激 v.推动

【同】urge

【搭配】on(the) impulse(of. )凭(...的)冲动; a healthy impulse健康的推动力

【例句】Mike acted out of impulse last night. 麦克昨晚行事很冲动。

616- instruct

v.教, 教授; 命令, 指示 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【同】teach

【例句】Professor Lee instructed us in chemistry. 李教授教我们化学。

617- lecturer

n.演讲者; 讲课者, 讲师

【例句】The lecturer was a famous educator. 演讲者是一位知名教育者。

【要点】注意本词复数发音及拼写。

618- intensive

a.加强的, 集中的; 深入细致的

【搭配】intensive training 强化训练; intensive readings 精读材料

【例句】The books are for intensive reading while others are for extensive reading. 这些书用来精读, 而另一些用作泛读。

a.加强的；密集的；透彻的

【搭配】 intensive training 强化训练；intensive readings 精读材料

【例句】

1. They range from a carefully planned, intensive field investigation in a foreign country to a casual introspection about one's mother tongue carried out in an armchair at home.它们包括在国外进行的精心策划的、深入的实地调查以及在家里的扶椅上对其母语进行的随意的反思。

2. Intensive English classes are taught in four-week blocks throughout the year.强化英语班全年授课，四周为一单元。

【反义】extensive(a.广泛的)

619- literature

n.文学, 文学作品, 文献

【例句】Some literature works are supplied free of charge in this club. 该俱乐部免费提供一些文学作品。

【要点】这里介绍几种文学形式：
novel 小说,
poem 诗歌,
prose 散文,
play 戏剧,
comedy 喜剧,
tragedy 悲剧,
- marsh n.沼泽; 湿地

【同】swamp

【搭配】marsh land 沼泽地; marsh gas 沼气

【例句】When they tried to cross the marsh, their cannons sank into the soft ground. 当他们设法穿过湿地时, 他们的大炮陷进了软地里。

【要点】相关词汇：
basin 盆地,
volcano 火山,
valley 山谷,
channel 海峡.

620- interpretation

n.解释, 说明, 诠释; （表演的）艺术处理

【同】understanding

【例句】My interpretation of the drama was rather superficial. 我对戏剧的理解相当肤浅。

621- intrinsic

a.固有的, 本质的, 内在的

【搭配】intrinsic nature 本质

【例句】Students should realise the intrinsic value of education.学生应该认识到教育的内在价值。

622- marsh

623- master

a.主人的 英式发音? n.男主人, 雇主; 师傅, 能手, 大师, 专家; 硕士 美式发音? v.精通, 控制

【例句】I'm writing a Master's thesis paper. 我正在写硕士论文。

【要点】这里介绍一些英国主要的研究生学位名称：
MA(Master of Arts) 文科硕士,
MBA(Master of Business Administration) 工商管理硕士,
Med(Master of Education) 教育学硕士,
MSc(Master of Science) 理科硕士,
MPhil(Master of Philosophy) 哲学硕士,
MChem(Master of Chemistry) 化学硕士,
LLM(Master of Law) 法学硕士,
MEng(Master of Engineering) 工程硕士.

624- mite

n.极小量; 小虫

【例句】After this, approximately a quarter of the hives weakened by mites, or an ageing or dead queen, will have to be replaced. 这一来, 大约四分之一的蜂巢会因为虫害或蜂后的衰老或死亡等情况而不得不更换。

【要点】相关词汇：
skimpy 不足的,
sparsely 稀少地,
spare 多余的,
adequate 足够的,
innumerable 无数的,
- modification n.修饰, 修改

【同】alteration

【搭配】behaviour modification 行为矫正; weather modification人工影响天气

【例句】A few slight modifications to the homework might be necessary to make. 作业可能需要做些细微的修改。

625- modification

-n.修改，修正；改变

【例句】 After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications.肿瘤感染上隐形病毒后，病毒会复制，但是复制的病毒不会有化学改变。

626- module

n.组件; 模块; 单元

【同】component; segment

【搭配】control module控制模块

【例句】The school offers you 10 week modules of English courses. 该学校为你提供10周的英语课程单元。

-n.组件；模式；单元

【例句】 The school offers you 10 week modules of English courses.该学校为你提供10周的英语课程单元。

627- monitor

n.班长; 监视器 v.监视; 监测

【同】supervise

【搭配】control monitor 监控器; automatic monitor自动监视器

【例句】Some worry that enterprises will be tempted to use the technology to monitor individual behaviour. 有人担心, 企业会企图利用这项科技来监控个人行为。

628- motivate

v.驱动, 驱使; 激励

【同】inspire

【搭配】motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事

【例句】The teacher has her own ways to motivate her students in class. 在课堂上, 这位老师用她自己独特的方式来激励学生。

v.使有动机；激励，激发

【搭配】 motivate sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事

【例句】

1. They are often not motivated to learn through this method.这种方法通常不能激发他们去学习。

2. Such deals are often politically motivated and far from transparent.这种交易经常带有政治导向，而且缺乏透明度。

3. Pictures are used to help motivate children to read because they are beautiful and eye-catching.图片因其美丽和引人注目而被用来帮助激发孩子们的阅读兴趣。

【同义】 inspire(v.激励)；stimulate(v.刺激)

【派生】motivated(a.有积极性的)；motivation(n.动机，积极性)

629- naturalistic

a.自然的

【搭配】naturalistic education自然主义教育; naturalistic sociology自然社会学

【例句】In this period, there was a movement away from stick figures to a more naturalistic shape. 在这一时期, 棍状形态开始向更加自然的形态转变。

630- negative

a.否定的, 消极的, 反面的; 负的, 阴性的 n.负数; （摄影）底片

【搭配】a negative reply否定的答复; negative number负数

【例句】We felt instinctively negative towards his proposal. 对于他的提议, 我们从直觉上就不太喜欢。

【要点】negative的反义词是positive, 在雅思听力考试中常见的表态度的词还有： angry(生气的), confused(迷惑的), disappointed(失望的), neutral(中立 的)。

a.否定的；消极的；负的 n.(照相的)底片

【例句】

1. Predictability is not the only variable that minimizes or eliminates the negative effects of noise. Another is control. If the individual realizes that he or she can control the noise, this seems to eliminate both its negative effects at the time and its after-effects.可预见性并不是减少或消除噪音不良影响的唯一变量。另一个是控制。如果一个人意识到他\她能够控制噪音,这似乎可以消除噪音在时间和后果上的消极影响。

2. Some nurses had not realized the impact their behavior was having on the organization and their colleagues, but there were also staff members who felt that talking to them about their absenteeism was "picking"on them and this usually had a negative effect on employee relationships.一些护士没有意识到他们的行为对组织和同事的影响，但是也有些人员会觉得对他们说旷工是在挑剔他们，这通常会对员工关系产生消极影响。

3. Do you think consumerism is a positive or a negative development?你认为用户至上主义是积极发展还是消极发展？

-a.否定的；消极的；负的 -n.(照相的)底片

【例句】

1. You have to accumulate adequate knowledge regarding the negative effects of population and positive ways of solving this problem.你必须储备足够的关于人口问题带来的消极影响以及如何积极解决这个问题的知识。

2. Some businessmen do not care about the negative impact of the pollution because protecting the environment means sacrificing huge profit for them.一些 生意人不关心污染带来的负面影响，因为保护环境对他们来讲就意味着要 牺牲他们的巨大利益。

3. Do you think consumerism is a positive or a negative development?你认为用 户至上主义是积极发展还是消极发展？

4. Despite the fact that buying and selling foods beyond borders may bolster economic cooperation, the negative impact of transportation pollution is too great to ignore.跨国买卖食品或许促进了经济合作，但是交通运输污染带来 的负面影响很严重，这是不容忽视的。

【要点】negative一词常用来表达对某一观点或现象所持的"消极的，否定的"态

【要点】度或想法，如：For everything, you can interpret it in a positive or a negative manner.(对于每个事物，你都能用积极或消极的态度来解释它。)此外，它还可用来阐述某事物或现象造成的"消极的，负面的"影响，如：I do not think that housework is a waste of time or with negative influence on children.(我认为做家务并不浪费孩子们的时间，或是对他们有什么负面影响。)

631- neglect

v./n.忽视, 忽略, 疏忽 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【同】omit

【搭配】neglect one's duty玩忽职守

【例句】Paul works so hard that he neglects his own life. 保罗工作太过努力, 以至于忽略了自己的生活。

632- nourish

v.提供养分, 养育 英式发音? 美式发音?

【例句】Bananas are extremely nourishing food. 香蕉是一种极有营养的食物。

-v.养育，滋养；怀有（希望等）

【例句】The farmers can use incubators and hatched chicks are nourished well and protected from danger. 农民能够用孵化器孵小鸡，这样孵出的小鸡可以得到很好的喂养，且不受危险威胁。

【同义】nurture(v.抚育，教养)；foster(v. 培养，培育)

【派生】 nourishing(a.滋养的)；nourishment(n.食物)

【要点】nourish指用有营养的食物养育人和动植物；nurture除了滋养某物外，还有 教育某人的意思；foster指培育某物，不仅仅指生物，如foster an interest,培养兴趣，并且它还可以指收养。

633- observation

n.观察, 监视; 观察资料, 观察报告; 评论

【例句】Can we mail out a questionnaire, or do face -to-face interviews, or maybe even do observations? 我们是邮寄调查表呢, 还是做面对面的采访, 抑或是观察呢？

n.观察；监视；观察报告

【搭配】 observation car 观赏车厢；observation post观察所

【例句】

1. Nevertheless, he added, observation will always be a powerful tool for doctors as they evaluate the health of their patients.他还进一步指出，尽管如此，观察仍将是医生评估病人健康状况的一个重要手段。

2. Banks became one of the strongest promoters of the settlement of Australia by the British, based on his own personal observations.根据班克斯的个人言论，他是将澳大利亚扩张为英国殖民地的强力推动者之一。

634- obtain

v.获得, 得到

【同】acquire; get

【搭配】obtain a degree获得学位

【例句】People living in the cold area need to obtain a lot more energy from their food. 生活在寒冷地区的人们需要从食物中获取更多的能量。

v.获得；通用，流行

【搭配】 obtain a degree 获得学位

【例句】

1. The best information on early population movements is now being obtained from the“archaeology of the living body”.人们从活体“考古”研究中获得了关于早期人口流动的最佳信息。

2. Today fiber optics are used to obtain a clearer image of smaller and smaller objects.如今，纤维光学被用来获取更小的物体的更清晰的图像。

【要点】 obtain,acquire,gain表示“得到，获得”的意思，侧重点各有不同，如：acquire多用于获得才能、知识、习惯等，而gain多用在获得利益或军事上的夺取。在雅思阅读的【同义】替换中，它们都可以用get来替换。

-v.获得；通用，流行

【搭配】obtain a degree获得学位

【例句】

1. Being a good teacher is not easy, as they need to obtain more knowledge to be competent of teaching their students.当一位好老师并不容易，他们需要获取 更多的知识才能教育学生。

2. Today fibre optics is used to obtain a clearer image of smaller and smaller objects.现在，纤维光学被用于获取越来越小的物体的更清晰的图像。

635- opportunity

n.机会

【同】chance

【搭配】take the opportunity to do sth. /of doing sth. 趁机做某事, 借机做某事

【例句】You can get the opportunity to study for long periods. 你可以获得长期学习的机会。

636- opposite

a.对面的, 对立的, 相反的 英式发音? n.对立面, 对立物 美式发音? prep.在...的对面

【例句】The classroom is near the main entrance, just opposite the reception desk. 教室位于主入口附近, 正好和接待处相对。

【要点】在雅思听力考试中, 我们常会听到和方位相关的词, 要快速反应, 如：right(右), left(左), front(前), back(后), on(上), under(下)。

637- particular

a.特殊的, 特别的; 特定的, 个别的 n.详情, 细目

【同】special

【搭配】in particular 特别, 尤其

【例句】Does the product have anything in particular? 这个产品有什么特殊之处吗？

-a.特别的；详细的；挑剔的 -n.详细说明；个别项目

【例句】I am equally appreciative of each work of art that I see, which means I don't have any particular favorite in art.我对我所见到的每一件艺术品都同样欣赏,也就是说我对艺术没有特别的喜好。

638- perspective

n.角度, 方法; 透视法

【搭配】from sb. 's perspective; get/keep sth. in perspective恰当地看待...

【例句】I thought that from the perspective of a field trip, one thing I needed to focus on was the sandstone plateau and cliffs themselves. 我是从实地考察的角度来考虑的, 我需要要关注的一点就是沙石高原及悬崖本身。

-n.观点；远景；透视法，透视图

【搭配】a perspective drawing 一幅透视画； a personal perspective of the nation's history 国家历史之我见；out of perspective 不合比例

【例句】

1. Art provides an enjoyable perspective from which people can examine history.艺术为人们提供了一种愉悦的审视历史的视角。

2. The knowledge I gained not only empowered me as a teacher but also gave me a new perspective. 我所获得的知识不仅使我具有了做老师的能力，也给了我一种新视角。

【同义】view(n.观点)

639- option

n.选择, 选择权; （供）选择的事物（或人）; 选课

【同】selection

【例句】I want to know what is your option on the course. 我想知道你选什么课程。

-n.选择（权）；（供）选择的物（或人）

【例句】

1. Many tourists choose to carry a small portable device like an iPhone, which gives information they need and want to know about their trip, including weather conditions, transport conditions and so on.很多游客都会选择携带便携式设备，例如iPhone,这些设备可以提供他们需要或者是想知道的旅行信息，包括天气情况和交通选择,等等。

2. The concept of the capsule hotel has previously been utilized as a cheaper hotel option, but the 9h capsule hotel adds luxury and refinement.胶囊旅馆的概念刚开始是作为廉价旅馆的一种选择，但是9小时胶囊旅馆增添了豪华和舒适。

3. To increase the output of crops per acre, a farmer's easiest option is to use fertilisers and pesticides.为增加每英亩农作物的产量，农民最容易的选择是使用肥料和杀虫剂。

640- outcrop

n.(矿脉等)露出地面

【搭配】weathered out crop 风化露头

【例句】Geologists hold that most of the granite outcrops are easy to recognise. 地理学家称, 大部分花岗岩的露出部分都简单易辨。

641- outline

n.轮廓, 略图; 大纲, 提纲 v.概述, 略述

【同】profile; summary

【搭配】an outline of a speech 讲话提纲

【例句】On the first page, there's an outline of the activities. 第一页上有活动的纲要。

642- participant

n.参加者, 参与者

【搭配】participant in sth ....的参加者

【例句】John is an active participant in discussion.约翰是讨论的积极参与者。

-n.参加者，参与者

【例句】

1. The participants are very excited because of the big prize and the highly competitive atmosphere.因为巨额奖金和极具竞争性的氛围，参与者都非常兴奋。

2. Group tours encourage participants to look at new objects and places.团体旅游鼓励游客多去看新的事物景点。

643- plagiarism

n.(文章、学说等的)剽窃, 抄袭; 剽窃物

【例句】I'd like to mention the question of plagiarism in particular. 我想特别提一下剽窃问题。

【要点】在英国, 剽窃(plagiarism)是一个严重的问题。通常学校会有一个庞大的数据库来判断学生的论文是否剽窃, 如果你用自己的话概括别人的观点而没有说明, 同样是 plagiarism。

644- plateau

n.高原; （上升后的）稳定时期（或状态）

【同】highland; tableland

【搭配】plateau phenomenon高原现象

【例句】No one expected that inflation has reached a plateau. 没有人预料到通货膨胀会达到顶峰。

【要点】相关词汇：
hill 小山,
plain 平原,
highland 高地,
glacier 冰河.

645- pliable

a.(指人或思想)容易受影响的; 顺从的; 易弯的, 柔韧的

【同】flexible

【例句】This pair of shoes are made of pliable leather. 这双鞋是用软皮做的。

-a.温顺的，易受影响的；易弯曲的

【例句】In this book, jack always thought his wife was too pliable although she was considerate to him.在这本书中，虽然妻子对杰克体贴入微，但是他总是认为她太温顺。

【同义】flexible(a.柔韧的)

646- point

n.尖, 尖端; 点, 小数点; 条款, 细目; 分数, 得分; 要点, 重点; 论点, 观点 v.指 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【同】mark; score; viewpoint

【搭配】come to the point 说到要点, 扼要地说; on the point of 即将...的时候; point out 指出; to the point中肯, 扼要, 说到点上, 扣题

【例句】A: I'd like to give a presentation. What do you think?

B: Well, short and to the point.

A: 我想做个演讲。你认为如何？

B: 好, 注意不要太长并且要扣题。

647- pollinate

v.给...授花粉

【搭配】self-pollinate自花传粉; cross-pollinate 异花传粉

【例句】Bees pollinate the plants by carrying the pollen from one flower to another. 蜜蜂把花粉从一朵花带到另一朵花, 以此来给植物授粉。

648- presentation

n.赠送; 赠品, 礼物; 提出; 显示; 引荐, 介绍; 英式发音?

649- pressure

n.压（力）; 强制, 压迫; 压强 v.迫使

【搭配】under pressure 处于压力之下; put pressure on 给...以压力; atmosphere

大气压; take one's blood pressure 量血压

【例句】Peter is studying abroad under pressure. 彼得顶着压力, 正在国外学习。

650- proof

n.证据, 证明; 校样, 样张

【例句】All teachers submit that some more reasonable proof is needed to support your argument. 所有老师都认为你需要更合理的论据来支持你的论点。

651- propose

v.提议, 建议; 提名, 推荐; （向某人）求婚

【例句】I understand that Bob is familiar with the Zoo and propose that let him show you around. 我知道鲍勃对动物园很熟, 我建议让他带你去逛逛。

【要点】propose在作"建议"讲时, 其后的从句用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用should+动词原形, should可省略, 听时要注意propose后面的内容。

652- prepare

v.准备, 预备

【搭配】be prepared for 为...做准备, 准备好

【例句】You need two more weeks to prepare the assignment because you have had difficulty obtaining the reference books. 你还需要两周时间准备作业, 因为你在收集参考书方面遇到了困难。

653- quiz

n.智力竞赛; 小测验 v.考查, 盘问

【例句】But we do provide school students with handouts with questions and quizzes on them. 但是我们会为学生提供附有问题和测验的讲义。

【要点】quiz, test, examination都有"考试, 测验"的意思, 它们的区别是：quiz表示事先无准备的随堂测验, 一般时间较短; test是小考或考查; examination则是比较正式的考试, 比如入学考试等。

654- quote

n.引文, 引语; 估价, 报价; 引号 v.引用, 引述

【搭配】quote from从...引用

【例句】The student quotes a paragraph from the Bible. 那名学生从《圣经》当中引用了一段话。

655- rationale

n.基本原理; 原理的阐述

【同】foundation

【例句】To grasp what the rationale behind the new exam is is the key to passing it. 新考试的基本原理是通过它的关键。

656- recommend

v.劝告, 建议; 推荐, 介绍

【同】advise; suggest

【搭配】recommend sb. sth. 向某人推荐某物; We recommend that. 我们建议.

【例句】Our tutor recommended some references to us. 导师向我们推荐了一些参考书目。

【要点】recommend 作动词时前面经常用highly, strongly等副词来加强语气。

v.推荐；劝告；使受欢迎

【搭配】 recommend sb. sth.向某人推荐某物

【例句】

1. What historical places would you recommend me to see there?你会推荐我去那儿参观哪些历史古迹？

2. He is recommending the immediate introduction of a "Greener Food Standard", which would push the market towards more sustainable environmental practices than the current norm.他建议立即引入“绿色食品标准”。与现行标准相比，它能推动市场实施更持续的、环保的措施。

3. As treatment for back pain, the clinic mainly recommends relaxation therapy.对于背痛的治疗，临床主要建议采用放松疗法。

【派生】 recommendable(a.可推荐的)；recommendation(n.推荐)

-v.推荐；劝告；使受欢迎

【搭配】recommend sb. sth.向某人推荐某物

【例句】

1. She was strongly recommended for the post.她获大力推荐担任这个职务。

2. If it works out to be really good, people would recommend it to their friends and the sales of this product will increase very quickly.如果事实证明它很不错，人们会向他们的朋友推荐这个产品，而该产品的销售额将会迅速增长。

【要点】在口语考试中，recommend一词常被用来指"提出解决方案"。常用句型 为I recommend that.,后面的that引导的是宾语从句，表示具体的解 决方案，用虚拟语气。如：I recommend that you(should) complete the form before starting to read this article.(我建议你在开始阅读本文之前先完 成该表格。)

657- recommendation

n.推荐, 推荐信; 劝告, 建议

【同】advice; guidance

【搭配】letter of recommendation 推荐信; on sb. 's recommendation 在某人的推荐下

【例句】The skills of making a presentation are on the recommendation of a professor. 这种作报告的技巧是教授推荐的。

n.推荐；建议；推荐信

【例句】

1. The results of the study support the World Bank's recommendation that education budgets in developing countries should be increased, not just to help their economies, but also to improve child health.研究结果支持了世界银行的建议，即应该增加发展中国家的教育经费，不仅仅是帮助其经济发展，也应改善儿童的健康状况。

2. If these suggestions require analysis or data collection, the take-charge team has 30 days to address the issue and come up with recommendations.如果这些建议需要分析或数据收集，管理团队有30天的时间来解决问题，并提出建议。

【要点】 在雅思阅读中，recommendation常取其“建议”的意思，与suggestion意思相近，二者可以【同义】替换。除此之外，它还有“可取之处”的意思。

-n.推荐；推荐信

【搭配】on one's recommendation 在某人的推荐下；write a recommendation写 推荐信；speak in recommendation of sb.口头推荐某人

【例句】Lastly, we have to make recommendations to the railway company about all the alternatives, and give them some idea of the costs.最后，我们必须向铁路公司推荐所有可选方案，并给出相应的成本。

【派生】 recommendatory(a.推荐的)

【同义】advice(n.建议)

658- recover

v.重新获得, 重新得到; 使复原, 使康复; 收回, 换回

【同】get better

【搭配】recover yourself 使自己振作; recover from 恢复

【例句】After a few days of coughing, my roommate began to recover. 咳嗽了几天后, 我的室友开始康复了。

659- rectangular

a.长方形的, 矩形的

【搭配】rectangular axes直角轴

【例句】In front of the Empire State Building is a long rectangular wading pool. 帝国大厦前面是一个长方形的浅水池。

【要点】相关词汇：
polygon 多边形,
ellipse 椭圆形,
cube 立方体,
square 正方形.

660- refresher

a.(专业性)复习进修的 n.提神物; 帮助记忆的人或物

【搭配】refresher course 进修课程; refresher leave 进修假期

【例句】I'd like to enquire about the refresher courses that you run.我想咨询一下您开办的进修课程的情况。

【要点】雅思考试中常见的各种课外活动及课程的说法：
course taken 所学课程,
specialized courses 专门课程,
special training 特别训练,
social practice 社会实践,
summer jobs 暑期工作,
part time jobs 兼职工作,
vacation jobs 假期工作,
educational highlights 课程重点部分

661- remark

n.评语, 议论, 意见 v.评论, 谈论; 注意到, 察觉

【同】comment

【搭配】remark about/on 对...的评语, 评论; make a remark on对...发表评论

【例句】Can you remark on the differences between the two items? 你能说出这两件商品的不同之处吗？

662- remarkable

a.值得注意的; 显著的, 异常的, 非凡的

【同】extraordinary; unusual

【搭配】remarkable achievements了不起的成就

【例句】Tonight I'm going to talk to you about that remarkable world. 今晚我打算向你们讲述那片神奇的世界。

a.引人注目的；异常的，非凡的

【搭配】 remarkable achievements 非凡的成就

【例句】

1. What explains this remarkable turn of events? Two factors: people have learned how to use water more efficiently, and communities are rethinking their priorities for water use.如何解释这种显著的转变？有两个因素：人们学会了如何更高效地用水，社区正在重新考虑用水的优先级别。

2. More than 4,000 species of these remarkable creatures have evolved and adapted to the world's different climates.这种极不平常的生物中已有4000多种进化并适应了地球上不同的气候。

【要点】在雅思阅读中，remarkable通常用于修饰重要信息。比如，当看到 The energy from these remarkable engines is, however, not entirely free.时，可知上文提到的engines十分关键。remarkable作为“显著的”含义出现时，可以用predominant替代。

-a.非凡的，引人注目的

【搭配】remarkable achievements 非凡的成就

【例句】

1. At that time, he had already shown his remarkable leadership and since his uncle was President, he would surely enter the political arena.那时，他已经表现出了非凡的领导能力；而且因为他的叔叔是总统，所以他肯定会步入 政坛。

2. More than 4,000 species of these remarkable creatures have evolved and adapted to the world's different climates.这些非凡的生物中，有四千多种经过进化，适应了地球上的不同气候。

【派生】 remarkably(ad.非凡地，显著地)

【同义】unusual(a.不同寻常的)；exceptional(a.异常的)

【反义】 ordinary(a.平庸的，普遍的)；trivial(a.普通的，平凡的)

663- reorient

v.再定方位; 再教育; （使）适应

【同】replace

【例句】Our students are reoriented towards social development. 我们的学生要被培养成适应社会发展的类型。

664- replicate

v.复制

【同】reproduce; reduplicate

【例句】In fact, subsequent trials failed to replicate the result. 事实上, 后来的试验未能复制这一结果。

665- resit

v./n.重修, 补考 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】resit the exam 参加补考

【例句】The four students resat the final examinations and passed this time. 这四名学生参加了期末补考, 这次都通过了。

【要点】一般留学生开始国外学习生活的时候都会遇到种种困难, 雅思场景曾经有过为新生介绍考试压力的讲座, 用到的词汇有：fail(考试不及格), not complete(未完成), drop out a course(退课), resit(补考)等。

666- resource

n.资源, 财力; 办法, 智谋; 才智, 机敏 英式发音? 美式发音?

【要点】注意英音和美音的重音位置不同

【搭配】human resources 人力资源; resource management 资源管理

【例句】Students should make full use of teaching resources. 学生们应该充分利用教学资源。

【要点】resource在作"资源"之意时常以复数形式出现, 注意在听录音时辨别单复数。

n.资源；应付办法

【搭配】human resources 人力资源；productive resources 生产资料；teaching resources 教学资源；resource management 资源管理

【例句】

1. How developing countries can advance their economies without destroying their natural resources is a burning question.如何既发展经济又不破坏自然资源是发展中国家面临的一个迫在眉睫的问题。

2. Some families don't have the resources to feed themselves properly.有些家庭无力维持生活。

-n.资源；应付办法，对策；才智

【搭配】human resources 人力资源；productive resources生产资料；teaching resources 教学资源；resource management 资源管理；a man of great resource 足智多谋的人

【例句】

1. The number of private cars is increasing at such a breakneck speed that the petroleum used amounts to an intimidating proportion of the natural resources.私家车数量急剧攀升，石油的消耗量占自然资源的比重十分惊人。

2. How developing countries can advance their economies without destroying their natural resources is a burning question.发展中国家如何能在发展经济的同时又不破坏自然资源，这是一个迫在眉睫的问题。

3. Learning a foreign language needs both patience and a lot of resources. And magazines and newspapers in that foreign language are really valuable for learners.学习一门外语需要耐心和大量资源。以这门外语出版的报纸杂志 对学习者来说极为宝贵。

4. Housewives should learn to sort their garbage into groups like glass, plastic, paper and biodegradable waste. These groups of waste can then be recycled into new products, which in turn will save the natural resources.家庭主妇应该学会 对垃圾进行分类，如玻璃、塑料、纸和生物可降解垃圾。这些废弃物可以 回收生成新产品，从而也能节约自然资源。

667- respondent

a.回答的, 应答的; 有反应的 n.回答者, 响应者; 答辩人 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【例句】Our respondents are both men and women, but the women were just slightly in the majority. 我们的答辩人有男也有女, 但是女性在数量上略有优势。

a.回答的；应答的 n.被告；应答者；受访者

【例句】When respondents logged in during the study, they saw a site maintenance message on the screen.在调查中，当受访者登录时，他们在屏幕上看到了一个网站维护信息。

【要点】常见的可以表达被告的说法还有defendant和accused,其相反的表达是 plaintiff,accuser和prosecutor,均有“原告”的含义，可以对比记忆。

668- review

n.回顾, 复习; 评论 v.回顾, 复习

【例句】Before going to bed, please review the day's classes. 睡觉前, 请复习一下白天的课程内容。

669- rigorous

a.严密的; 严格的

【同】meticulous; rigid

【搭配】rigorous method严格的方法

【例句】Once you have arrived at your hypothesis, you then proceed to a strictly logical and rigorous process. 一旦你提出了假说, 你便进入了一个逻辑性极强的严密过程。

670- sample

n.样品, 标本 英式发音? v.抽样试验, 抽样调查 美式发音?

【搭配】blood sample 血液样本; size of sample 样本的大小

【例句】Medical students are collecting blood samples. 医科学生们正在收集血样。

【要点】这里介绍一些和求医有关的词汇：
flu 流感,
go to see a doctor 去医院,
take a blood sample 取血样,
lab technician 化验员,
doctor in charge主治医师,
prescribe 开药,
pharmacy 药房,
over -the-counter(OTC) 非处方药.

n.样品，样本 v.从...抽样；品尝

【例句】

1. A representative sample of language, compiled for the purpose of linguistic analysis, is known as a corpus.以语言学分析为目的而编辑的具有代表性的语言样本，被称为语料。

2. The World Health Organization predicted that all of a sample of twenty mega cities would have more than ten million inhabitants in the year 2000.世界卫生组织预计到2000年，20个抽样大城市的人口都将全部超过1000万。

3. Sometimes a small sample of data will be enough to decide a linguistic hypothesis; by contrast corpora in major research projects can total millions of words.有时一份精简的数据样本就能够决定一个语言学假设，而相比之下，一个大型研究项目的语料库可能有数百万的词汇。

【要点】sample这个词在科技文献中经常出现，一般意为“样本”。

-n.样品，样本 -v.从...抽样；品尝

【例句】The World Health Organization predicted that all of a sample of twenty mega cities would have more than ten million inhabitants in the year 2000.世界卫生组织预计，到2000年全部20个抽样大城市的人口都将超过1000万。

671- sandstone

n.砂岩

【搭配】beach sandstone海滩砂岩

【例句】The Park attracts numerous travellers with its striking geological formations and rich sandstone. 该公园以显著的地理特征和丰富的砂岩吸引了大量游客。

【要点】相关词汇：

marble 大理石,
lava 熔岩,
limestone 石灰石,
ore 矿石,
granite 花岗岩.

672- response

n.回答, 回音; 反应, 响应

【同】answer; reply

【搭配】response for. 对...负责, 是造成...的原因; in response to 答复, 响应; response to 响应, 作出反应

【例句】Bed rest and pain killer are traditional responses to back pain.卧床休息和吃止痛药是治疗背痛的传统方法。

-n.响应；反应；回答 response for.对...负责，是造成...的原因；in response to 答复，响应； response to 响应，作出反应【例句】E Speaking fast does not mean speaking fluently. Fluency also requires quick 和回答。

673- sharpen

v.削尖; 使敏锐, 使敏捷; 使陡峭; 使清晰

【搭配】sharpen pencils 削铅笔

【例句】The course can help the students sharpen their writing skills. 这门课程可以帮助学生们练就写作能力。

674- schedule

n.时间表, 进度表 英式发音? v.安排, 预定 美式发音?

【同】timetable

【搭配】ahead of schedule 提前; a train/flight schedule火车/班机时刻表; on schedule按预定时间, 按时, 准时; behind schedule落后于计划进度, 晚 于规定时间, 晚点; be scheduled for定在某时（进行）

【例句】Have you got your class schedule yet? 你拿到课程表了吗？

【要点】schedule英音和美音的发音差别较大, 考生要注意。另外, 时间安排也是雅思听力考试常涉及的内容。考生应正确理解对话的含义, 如果提到sth. is difficult to fit in one's busy schedule应理解为 sth. takes too much time(某事耗时太久)的意思。

-n.时刻表；日程表；清单 -v.安排

【搭配】ahead of schedule 提前；a train/flight schedule 火车/航班时刻表；on schedule按时；behind schedule晚点；be scheduled for 定于某时（进行）

【例句】

1. I am energetic all day long and have a very scientific schedule for work, diet and entertainment.我一整天都精力充沛，工作、饮食和娱乐的时间安排都 很科学。

2. The lectures are scheduled for Tuesday and Thursday.讲座安排在星期二和星期四。

675- seminar

n.(大学的)研究班, 研讨会

【例句】You have to attend the seminars this week. 你必须参加本周的研讨会。

【要点】该词指"学术研究会"时, 通常指有相关领域的名人参与。这个词在雅思听力考试中的发音比较怪, 要注意。

-n.研讨会

1. Just last month, as I passed through the open area of our school campus, I saw some students from one of the school organizations conducting ice sculpture seminar. 就在上个月，当我穿过校园的广场时，看见一些学生在忙碌着，他们来自学校的某个协会，负责举办冰雕研讨会。

2. You should make a preparation before you attend this seminar.参加这次研讨 会之前你应该准备一下。

676- sequence

n.连续; 顺序

【同】order

【搭配】in sequence 依次, 逐一; random sequence 随机顺序

【例句】Scientists were able to analyse the sequence of events. 科学家能够分析这些事件发生的先后顺序。

n.连续；顺序

【搭配】 sequence of tenses 时态一致

【例句】

1. It is impossible to learn the sequence of events that led to our developing the concept of number.那些让我们获得数字概念的事件的顺序，我们已无从得知。

2. Scientists were able to analyse the sequence of events.科学家能分析出这些事件发生的先后顺序。

-n.连续；顺序

【例句】

1. The film Transformers is marvelous with its spectacular visual effects and 3-Daction sequences. 电影《变形金刚》的华美视觉效果和3D动作场面令人 咋舌。

2. Scientists were able to analyse the sequence of events.科学家能够分析这些事件发生的先后顺序。

677- serpent

n.蛇（尤指大蛇、毒蛇）; 狡猾的人

【同】snake; viper

【搭配】wise as a serpent 像蛇一样灵巧

【例句】Everyone is supposed to beware the danger of the serpent in the forest. 在森林里, 每个人都应该提防毒蛇的危险。

678- strategy

n.战略, 策略

【搭配】marketing strategies 营销策略; reading strategy阅读策略; research strategy 研究策略

【例句】Have you got any special strategy for teaching? 你有什么独特的教学方法吗？

679- submit

v.使服从, 屈服; 呈送, 提交

【同】submit to→give in to

【搭配】submit to 递交; 屈服

【例句】I have submitted the manuscript to the editor. 我已经把手稿交给编辑了。

【要点】submit常用在课业场景中, 通常都会提到交作业或交论文的时间, 而这个时间通常就是考点, 一般会有一个干扰项, 考生要注意听。

v.屈从；服从；提交

【搭配】 submit to 提交；屈服于

【例句】

1. Employees are requested to note down their own suggestions for improvement. AHI has set an expectation that employees will submit at least three suggestions for every one they receive from a customer.公司要求每个员工记录下他们的改进建议。AHI期望员工将会针对顾客的每个问题提交至少三个建议。

2. After many times of failure, I submitted to fate.多次失败后，我向命运屈服了。

-v.(使)屈服；（使）服从；呈送

【搭配】submit to discipline 遵守纪律；submit an essay to one's tutor 向导师提交论文

【例句】 You can submit your unused tickets to the place of purchase and have a full refund of your money.你可以去售票点退掉没有使用的票，能获得全额退款。

【同义】yield(v.屈服)；obey(v.遵守)

【反义】 resist(v.反抗)

680- sociology

n.社会学

【例句】The subjects taken in the first semester are psychology and sociology. 第一学期要上的科目是心理学和社会学。

【要点】sociology常出现在课业场景中, 常用到的其他学科名词还有：

linguistics 语言学
psychology 心理学,
engineering 工程学,
architecture 建筑学,
accounting 会计学,
biochemistry 生物化学,
- solve v.解决, 解答 英式发音? 美式发音?

【同】figure out; work out

【例句】The school authorities are taking great pains to solve the problem. 学校领导正全力解决该问题。

681- solve

682- specialist

n.专家; 专科医生 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】specialist knowledge专业知识

【例句】The professor is one of the world's leading specialists in the field. 这位教授是这个领域内的世界顶级专家之一。

683- sphere

n.球（体）; 范围, 领域

【同】domain; realm

【搭配】sphere of influence 影响范围; organic sphere生物界

【例句】They move in different spheres. 他们在不同的领域活动。

【要点】相关词汇：
hemisphere 半球,
horizon 地平线,
equator 赤道,
meridian 子午线.

684- summarise

v.总结, 概述; 概括

【同】sum up

【例句】The gist is summarized in the first sentence of the paragraph. 主旨概括在这一段的第一句话中。

v.总结，概括

【例句】

1. In this respect, the practice of the archaeologist is rather like that of the scientist, who collects data, conducts experiments, formulates a hypothesis, tests the hypothesis against more data, and then, in conclusion, devises a model that seems best to summarise the pattern observed in the data.从这点来看，考古学家的工作和科学家很相似，要收集数据、进行实验、提出假设、用更多数据来验证假设，最终设计出似乎最能概括由数据观察得出的模式的模型。

2. The speaker summarised the important points of her lecture.演讲者对她演讲中的重点进行了总结。

【同义】sum up(总结，概括)

685- summary

a.概括的, 简略的 n.摘要, 概要

【同】in summary→to conclude; to sum up

【搭配】in summary 总括

【例句】Tina gave a summary of the activity yesterday. 蒂娜昨天给出了活动的概要。

-a.简易的；扼要的 -n.概要，摘要

【例句】In summary, changing jobs frequently can be both advantageous by keeping bribery away and providing one with more opportunities of promotion, and disadvantageous by making mistakes occasionally.总之，频繁换工作有优点，可以让人避免贿赂，拥有更多晋升机会；但也有缺点，就是会常犯错误。

686- supervisor

n.监督人, 指导者; 镇长, 区长; 视导员

【同】executive

【例句】We have to put ourselves into the role of the supervisor. 我们要融入主管的角色。

【要点】supervisor 作"导师"讲, 在美语中常用adviser, 注意不要把它拼写成 superviser, 词尾是 or, 不是er。

687- theme

n.题目, 主题

【搭配】theme park 主题公园

【例句】The main theme of the discussion is the learning approach. 讨论的主题是学习 方法。

688- theoretical

a.理论的, 理论上的 英式发音? 美式发音?

【搭配】theoretical background理论背景

【例句】In the first year students learn theoretical courses. 第一年学生学习理论课。

a.理论的

【搭配】 theoretical background 理论背景

【例句】 Various theories have been put forward, many focusing on esoteric ideas from theoretical physics.各种理论被提出，其中有不少关注理论物理学的深奥概念。

【派生】 theoretically(ad.理论上讲)

689- thesis

n.论文; 论题; 论点

【例句】As a senior student, my sister is writing her thesis paper this semester. 作为大四学生, 我姐姐这学期正在写论文。

【要点】thesis 表示"论文", 注意 thesis 的复数是 theses。
graduate thesis 学士论文,
master's thesis 硕士论文,
doctoral thesis 博士论文,
- topography n.地形学; 地形, 地貌

【例句】Then there's topography that looks at the shapes of the land and oceans. 然后, 还有地形学——地形学着眼于陆地和海洋的形态。

690- transcript

n.抄本, 副本; 文字记录

【例句】The professor was reading the transcript of the interview. 教授正在看面试的文字记录。

n.成绩单；抄本，副本；文字记录

【例句】

1. Robert Hooke depicted his experiments with microscopes in Micrographia (1665). This work is largely narrative in style, based on a transcript of oral demonstrations and lectures.罗伯特...胡克在其1665年的著作《显微图谱》中描述了他用显微镜进行的实验。这部作品以叙事方式为主，基于对口头阐述和讲座的文字记录。

2. The size of the corpus relies on practical factors, such as the time available to collect, process and store the data: it can take several hours to provide an precise transcript of a few minutes of speech. 语料库的大小受很多实际因素的影响，比如采样、处理和储藏资料所用的时间，一段几分钟的对话可能需要花费几个小时才能够准确地记录下来。

691- transfer

n.转变, 转换 v.转移, 调动; 转车; 转学; 转让, 过户

【搭配】transfer property to sb. 把财产转让给某人; transfer from. to. 从. 转换成...; bank transfer 银行转账

【例句】I'm going to transfer $2,000 from my Dutch account. 我打算从我的荷兰银行账户中转出2000美元。

【要点】雅思听力中有bank transfer 这一考点, 连读时有吞音现象, 注意辨别。另外, 我们坐地铁有时需要换乘, "换乘站"用英语表达是transfer station。

692- transmit

v.播送, 发射; 传送; 传染

【例句】These are satellites that circle the earth and transmit visual information to computers at receiving stations. 这些是绕着地球运转的卫星, 它们向接收站的电脑上传送视觉信息。

v.传送；传输；传递；传染；发射

【例句】

1. Every product in the supermarket has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information.该超市里所有商品都有一个射频识别标签，一种用无线电波传输商品信息的条形码。

2. In a twelve-year programme of work, they have found that ants can transmitvery complex messages. 在12年的研究工作中，他们发现蚂蚁能够传递非常复杂的信息。

3. All the documents have been transmitted electronically to the printing centre.所有的文件已经通过电子方式传输到了印刷中心。

【派生】transmitter(n.发射机；传播者)；transmission(n.传播) transmit有“传播信息，传染疾病”的意思，而transfer的意思是“将...由某处转移至另一处，调动”，虽然都有“移动”的意思，但具体含义不同， 在特定的语境中，不能替代使用。

-v.传送；传染；传播

【例句】

1. Mandarin Ducks are very popular as the symbols of love and fidelity. They are always seen in pairs, signifying loving couples and marital bliss. The transmitting of loving energy can help create a happy and harmonious marriage.鸳鸯很受人们欢迎，因为它是忠诚和爱的象征。它们总是成双成对，标志着 夫妻恩爱和婚姻幸福。爱的能量的传输能够创造一个快乐、和谐的婚姻。

2. All the documents have been transmitted electronically to the printing centre.所有文件已经电子传输到了印刷中心。

693- truant

a.逃避责任的 n.逃学者; 逃避者

【例句】Jason was truant three days this month. 贾森本月逃课三天。

694- tutor

n.家庭教师, 指导教师 在美音中, 字母r与其 v.个别指导他元音在一起时要发所谓的"儿化音

【例句】 Let me know which date will be fine for you, and I'll arrange it with the tutor. 让我知道你哪天方便, 我好安排你与导师见面。

【要点】tutor 常指家庭教师或指导老师; 而coach则主要指运动员的教练; trainer更侧重培训工作技能的人。

695- topography

696- various

a.各种各样的; 不同的

【同】a variety of

【例句】The professor has studied the languages of various countries. 这位教授研究过多个国家的语言。

697- tutorial

a.家庭教师的, 辅导教师的, 大学导师的; 辅导的, 指导的 n.大学导师的辅导课; 论文; 学习指南

I think you should be ready for tomorrow's tutorial on "how to find a good job". 我想你已经准备好了明天的辅导课——"如何找到好工作"。

【要点】lecture 和 tutorial的区别：在国外, 除了常规的lecture外, 大部分的课程会有一个 tutorial课。在tutorial课上, demonstrator(tutorial课的老师)或TA(通常由研究生担任的教学助理)会就当周教授上课的内容作一个归纳, 并附以习题来巩固学生所学的知识。如果有什么疑问, 学生可以提问, 直到弄懂为止。

698- typo

n.打字错误

【同】misprint

【例句】Some typos and spelling errors are not unforgivable. 一些打字错误与拼写错误并非是不可原谅的。

699- undergraduate

n.大学生, 大学肄业生

【例句】I think it's possible for postgraduate students but not for undergraduate students to park their cars on the campus. 我想研究生可以把车停在校园, 本科生则不行。

【要点】undergraduate指的是在本科阶段求学的学生, graduate指的是"毕业生", 可 以是本科生, 也可以是研究生, 而postgraduate则指"研究生"。

700- underline

v.在...下划线; 强调, 突出

【同】emphasize; stress

【例句】You can underline or highlight the new words. 你可以把重点放在生词上。

【要点】在美语中常用underscore。

701- wander

v.漫步, 徘徊; 迷路, 迷失方向; 离题

【同】stray

【搭配】wander from/off 偏离..., 游离...

【例句】I suggest you spend a good hour wandering around this lovely park. 我建议你花上一小时好好在这美丽的公园四周转一转。

702- wavelength

n.波长

【搭配】on the same wavelength合拍, 与...所见略【同】

【例句】This topic of this article is wavelength of visible light spectrum. 这篇文章的主题是可见光谱的波长。

703- vegetation

n.植被

【搭配】grassland vegetation 草本植被

【例句】The fact that desert areas have little vegetation is widely acknowledged. 沙漠地区植被较少, 人们对此已经达成广泛共识。

【要点】相关词汇：
shrub 灌木丛,
fern 蕨类植物,
laurel月桂树,
herb 药草, 香草.

704- worthwhile

a.值得（做）的

【搭配】be worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得做...

【例句】I also thought it'd be worthwhile talking to a lecturer. 我还认为值得和演讲者一谈。

705- viewpoint

n.观点

【同】perspective; point of view; standpoint

【例句】Bill made a big mistake from my viewpoint. 在我看来比尔犯了个大错误。

【要点】在雅思听力考试中, 常会涉及对某件事的观点, 是同意(agree)、不同意(disagree)、还是保持中立(neither agree nor disagree), 因此要注意听录音中的提示语言。

-n.观点，看法

【例句】Teenagers are so used to TV that some of them are misled by rubbish commercials and harmful programmes to a distorted viewpoint towards human life.青少年太依赖电视，有些甚至被垃圾商业广告和不良节目影响，形成 了扭曲的人生观。

【同义】point of view(观点)

706- ## 6-课下时光篇

707- absorb

v.吸收; 吸引, 使专心

【搭配】be absorbed in 专心于

【例句】The moisture is absorbed by dry ground. 水分被干涸的土地吸收。

-v.吸收；吸引...的注意

【搭配】be absorbed into/in 全神贯注于.....

【例句】

1. Trees can absorb carbon dioxide.树木可以吸收二氧化碳。

2. Love at first sight-these mandarin ducks are seen to be deeply absorbed in each other, emitting a feeling of intense true love.一见钟情——这些鸳鸯被彼 此深深地吸引，流露出一种浓烈的真爱。

【派生】 absorption(n.吸收；专心致志)

708- access

n.接近, 进入; 入口, 通道; 接近（或进入）的方法

【同】entrance; entry

【搭配】access to 接近/进入...的方法/通路, 有权使用; have/gain access to可以获得

【例句】Do we have access to the computer? 我们有权使用这台计算机吗？

n.接近；进入；通道 v.进入，使用

【搭配】 access to 接近/进入...的方法/通路

【例句】

1. Adolescents find that they can access online information about their health concerns easily and anonymously.青少年发现他们能轻易地以匿名方式获得与其健康问题有关的网上信息。

2. The students could access to the library for free.学生们可以免费使用图书馆。

-n.接近，进入；通道；途径 -v.进入；使用

【搭配】access to 接近/进入...的方法/通路；有权使用...；have/gain access to可以获得

【例句】

1. You may know that the education system in my country usually does not give students access to some TV programmes.你或许知道，在我国的教育体制下，学生通常不被允许观看某些电视节目。

2. Searching books by online catalogue is easy and no matter where you are, it is always possible to access the library wireless network with your laptop.通过在线书目来找书非常简单，而且无论你在哪里，你都可以使用你的笔记本电 脑接入图书馆的无线网。

709- admission

n.允许进入, 接纳, 收容; 承认

【同】confession

【搭配】admission free 免费入场; admission notice 录取通知

【例句】Currently, the students in our college have only gained admission to the learning centre. 现在, 只有我们学校的学生才能进入学习中心。

【要点】新生到大学报到后会办理一系列手续, 包括办理借书卡, 借书卡用英语说就是admission card 或 library card。在考试中常会遇到的与图书馆相关的词汇有：
catalogue 目录
reference stacks 书库
delivery/circulation desk借书台
cal slip 借书单/索书单
check out 登记并借出
charge out把 ...借出来
date slip/deadline/date of expiry 期限
closed reserved 只读不借
librarian 图书馆管理员
return in time及时归还
bibliography 书目
reserve/book 预借

710- advisable

n.可取的; 适当的

【例句】A: Do I have to book the ticket in advance?

B: Oh, yes, it's advisable.

A: 我必须提前预订票吗？

B: 哦, 是的, 这样很好。

-a.可取的，明智的

【例句】It is particularly advisable not to give a rushed answer when dealing with complicated questions.面对复杂的问题时，不匆忙作答，这是一个特别明智 的做法。

【同义】expedient(a.有益的，可取的)

711- association

n.协会, 团体, 联盟; 联合; 联系, 交往; 联想

【同】union

【搭配】research associations 研究协会; an alumni association 校友会

【例句】Mark has taken part in the students' association.马克加入了学生会。

712- cafeteria

n.自助食堂

【例句】I will start a new part time job this month, working in a cafeteria. 这个月我将在餐厅开始一份新的兼职工作。

【要点】英式英语中多用canteen来表示"餐厅", 注意在录音中辨别。

713- apply

v.申请, 请求; 适用; 应用, 运用

【搭配】apply for 申请; apply to 与...有关; 适用; 应用; apply to the customs 报关

【例句】Students from poor families can apply for loans. 来自贫困家庭的学生可以申请贷款。

【要点】考试中, 常会听到短语 apply for, 其后常接job, loan, visa等名词, 考生要注 意与时间相关的考点, 如："Visa can take no more than 7 days. "这个句子考 的就是apply for a visa(申请签证)的时间：7 days。

v.应用，使用；申请；专心

【搭配】 apply for 申请；apply to 与...有关；适用；应用；apply to the customs 报关；apply oneself to 致力于

【例句】

1. We already know that rat pups denied the chance to play grow smaller brain components and fail to develop the ability to apply social rules when they interact with their peers.我们已经明白，不玩耍的老鼠幼崽的大脑组织长得较小，在与同类接触时，它们无法形成应用社会规则的能力。

2. If you would like more information on how to apply for a student loan, then you should contact the Student Loans Company.若想获得更多有关申请学生贷款的信息，应与学生贷款公司联系。

【派生】applied(a.应用的；实用的)

【要点】apply一词有多种意思，与不同介词【搭配】，表达的意义也不一样，如apply to sb. for sth.是“向某人申请”的意思，apply sth. to sth.是“使...对某事物起 作用”的意思，而apply to sb./sth.是“对某人或某事适用”的意思。在阅读时，要注意区分不同的【搭配】所表达的不同含义。

714- approach

n.方法, 途径; 接近 v.靠近, 接近, 邻近

【同】solution

【搭配】approach to解决...的方法

【例句】The final result of the problem is irrelevant to the approach you've taken.这个问题的最终结果与你采取的方法无关。

-v.向...靠近 -n.方法，途径

【搭配】a new approach to language teaching 语言教学的新方法

【例句】

1. As you approach the town the first building you see is the church.走近那座城镇的时候，首先看到的就是教堂。

2. As autumn approaches, the beekeepers pack up their hives and go south.秋天来临，养蜂人打点蜂房奔向南方。 appropriate

715- behaviour

n.行为, 举止, 表现; 态度; （机器的）运转情况

【同】conduct; manner

【例句】My first lecture is about animal behaviour. 我第一次演讲的内容是有关动物行为的。

716- bibliography

n.(有关某一专题的)书目; 参考书目

【搭配】universal bibliography 世界文献目录; classified bibliography分类书目

【例句】Your tutors will tell you at the outset how to set out the bibliography. 你的导师在一开始会告诉你如何选定参考书。

717- catalogue

n.目录; 系列 v.编目录

【例句】It is a new catalogue of the language books in the library. 这是图书馆里语言类图书的新目录。

【要点】catalogue 在美语中的拼写为 catalog。

718- category

n.种类, 类别

【例句】With very low snowfall, most of the continent technically falls unbelievably into the category of "desert"!因为降雪很少, 这块大陆的大部分地区从学术上讲已沦为"沙漠"的范畴, 真让人难以置信！

n.种类，类别

【例句】

1. These shops only sell the most popular items in each product category, and the rankings are updated weekly. 这些商店只销售各类产品中最畅销的商品，而且销售排行榜会每周更新。

2. After the final interview, potential recruits were divided into three categories.经过最后的面试，可能入选的新学员被分成三类。

719- charity

n.慈善（团体）, 仁慈, 施舍

【搭配】charity donation 慈善捐款; charity hospital 慈善医院

【例句】I'd like to talk about a small charity based mainly in the US. 我要谈的是关于一家小的慈善机构, 它的总部位于美国。

720- check

n.检查, 核对; 制止, 抑制; 支票, 账单 v.检查, 核对; 突然停止, 制止; 用钩形符号标出

【例句】The teacher has checked Kate's answers. 老师检查了凯特的答案。

【要点】人们入住酒店时需要登记, 用英语说就是checkin, 而退房离开则为check out, 意思是"结账"。

721- circulation

n.循环; 流传; 发行, 流通

【例句】We've been out of circulation in order to prepare for the final exam. 为了准备期末考试, 我们都已经不参加社交活动了。

n.循环；流通

【例句】

1. The North Pole is warmer than the South and the circulation of air around it is less well-contained. 北极比南极温暖，其周围的空气循环更为畅通。

2. Nicotine and other toxins in cigarette smoke will affect blood circulation throughout the body. 香烟中的尼古丁和其他毒素会影响人体内的血液循环。

【同义】flow(n.流动)

【要点】circulation 的动词形式是circulate,指“循环；流通；传播”；circulative 是形容词，指“循环性的”；circulator是名词，指“传播者；循环小数”。

722- classical

a.经典的, 古典（文学）的

【例句】I prefer romantic literature to classical literature. 和古典文学相比, 我更喜欢浪漫主义文学。

【要点】英国文学的三个主要类别为：古典文学(classical literature)、浪漫主义文学(romantic literature)和现实主义文学(realistic literature)。

-a.古典的，传统的；经典的

【例句】Designed as a classical shoe box, the concert hall has entirely 600 seats with blue color as its basic theme.音乐厅被设计成一个经典的鞋盒子形状，以蓝色为 基调，共容纳600个座位。

723- concern

v.涉及, 关系到; 关心, 挂念 n.关心, 挂念; （利害）关系

【同】as/so far as one is concerned→from one's point of view; in one's opinion

【搭配】concern oneself with 关心; be concerned with关心

【例句】The main factors to be particularly concerned about writing are the structure of essays and collection of related material. 需要特别关注的与写作相关的主要因素是文章结构和相关材料的收集。

-n.关心，关注；担忧；企业 -v.涉及；使关心

【搭配】as/so far as...be concerned 就...来说；concern oneself with 关心；be concerned with 与某事有关；public concern about corruption 公众对腐 败现象的忧虑；a going concern活跃繁荣的企业

【例句】

1. As far as this topic is concerned, I could say that my mother does most of the shopping, but my father and I do some shopping from time to time.就这个话题而言，我母亲主要负责购买家中所需，而父亲和我有时也会去采购。

2. What most concerns me is that I'm still not doing very well in my assignments.我最担心的是我的作业还是做得不太好。

【同义】anxiety(n.忧虑)

724- concert

n.音乐会, 演奏会

【搭配】concert hal 音乐厅

【例句】All their musical instruments were lost and they couldn't play at their concert. 他们所有的乐器都不见了, 所以无法进行演奏会的表演了。

【要点】相关词汇：
chorus 合唱团
orchestra 管弦乐队
conservatory 乐学校
- construct n.构想, 概念 名词发音? v.建造, 构造; 创立 动词发音?

【同】build; put up

【搭配】construct a model 制作模型; construct an argument 创立论点

【例句】The ship was constructed in the sixteenth century. 这艘船建造于16世纪。

725- collect

v.收集, 搜集; 领取, 接走; 收（税等）; 聚集, 堆积 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【例句】I've collected maps and other data to prepare a route book. 我已收集了地图和其他信息, 准备写一本路线图的书。

726- construct

-v.建造；构思

【例句】

1. Actually, everyday new buildings are being constructed. No matter in what styles they are built, so long as they are using the modern techniques and modern materials, they are modern buildings.确实，每天都在建设新的建筑，无论它们是什么风格，只要它们使用的是现代技术和现代材料，就是现代建筑。

2. This anticipation is constructed through films, TV and literature.这一预想通过电影、电视和文学得以构思成形。

727- contact

v./n.(使)接触, 联系, 交往 英式发音? 美式发音? -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】 in contact with sb. 与某人保持联系; come into contact with sb. 接触某人; in contact with...与.... . 有联系; contact list 联系人清单; eye contact目光交 流; contact lens 隐形眼镜

【例句】You can contact the tutor by emailing him. 你可以通过发送电子邮件和导师联系。

728- couple

n.(一)对, （一）双; 夫妇; 力偶, 电偶 v.连接, 结合

【搭配】a couple of 两个, 几个

【例句】There are a couple of books I'd like you to read.有几本书我想让你读一下

729- cultural

a.文化的, 人文的; 修养的, 教养的; 耕作的,种植的; 培养的

【例句】The exhibition showed some cultural relics of the Feudal Age. 展览展出了一些封建时期的文物。

730- curvy

a.曲线美的; 弯曲的

【例句】The style of painting got its name from the fact that it featured much curvier features. 这一绘画风格因其更加突出曲线形态而得名。

731- database

n.数据库

【例句】If you want to look for related material you can use the databases in the library如果你想查找相关材料, 你可以使用图书馆的数据库。

732- convey

v.表达, 传递; 运送, 搬运

【同】transport

【搭配】convey a message 传递信息

【例句】His poem conveyed a sense of sorrow. 他的诗表达了一种悲伤的情绪。

733- cooperative

a.合作的, 协作的 n.合作社

【搭配】cooperative enterprises 合作企业; make a cooperative effort 共同努力

【例句】The members in the club are very cooperative. 这个俱乐部的成员都非常合作

-a.合作的；合作社的 -n.合作社

【搭配】cooperative enterprises 合作企业；make a cooperative effort 共同努力

【例句】

1. Indeed, it is common sense that a person without cooperative spirit will be hard to survive in the modern society.的确，在现代社会里，没有合作精神，一个人将难以生存。

2. Few environments test the ability of team members to balance competitive and cooperative instincts; neither does the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race.几 乎没有一种环境能测试出团队成员平衡竞争与合作的能力，牛津大学和剑 桥大学的划船比赛也是如此。

【派生】 cooperatively(ad.合作地)

【要点】cooperative与competitive是现代社会发展中的一对矛盾，大到国际事务，小 到个人发展，它们之间的关系是辩证统一的，我们要在平时的学习中多积 累相关的范例。

734- demonstration

n.论证, 证明; 示范; 显示, 表露; 示威游行

【例句】Thousands of people took part in the demonstration.数千人参加了示威游行。

735- departmental

a.部门的

【搭配】departmental library系资料室

【例句】I saw a book in the departmental library that would be helpful. 我在系资料室看到一本书, 可能有用。

736- deadline

n.最后期限

【例句】When would the deadline be for the enrolment? 注册的截止日期是什么时候？

【要点】在雅思听力考试中听到这个词时常会提到时间, 这是个考点, 考生要注意正确的日期书写方式。

737- deal

n.交易; 协议 v.分给, 分发; 给予; 处理, 对付; 做生意

【同】handle

【搭配】deal with 处理; 涉及; a great deal of 很多

【例句】The children who grow up in poor families are better prepared to deal with the problems of adult life. 在贫困家庭中成长的孩子在处理成人生活的问题方面准备得更充分。

738- dissertation

n.专题论文

【例句】The library is offering specialized training sessions on writing a dissertation.图书馆将提供专题论文写作方面的专门培训课。

739- distraction

n.注意力分散, 分心; 分心的事物; 娱乐, 放松

【例句】There are a lot of distractions at home. 家里叫人分心的事很多。

n.注意力分散；消遣；心烦意乱

【例句】

1. A good detector dog must be capable of focusing on the task of searching for the drugs, despite the distractions in any airport or dockside.一条出色的侦缉犬必须能专注于搜寻毒品的任务，无论机场或码头有多少干扰。

2. Johnson had worked for nine years, with little help of the learned, and without any patronage of the great; not in the soft obscurities of retirement, or under the shelter of academic bowers, but amidst inconvenience and distraction, in sickness and in sorrow.约翰逊苦心经营了九年，没有学者的帮助，没有大人物的赞助，没有舒适的退休生活，也没有学术机构的庇护，处处碰壁、烦扰不断、疾病缠身、悲痛不已。

740- delay

v./n.耽搁, 延迟

【例句】After a delay of two days, the team went on their road again.耽误了两天后, 小队继续上路了。

-v.延误；延期 -n.延期；被耽搁或推迟的时间

【搭配】leave without delay 立即离开；a delayed-action fuse 延时熔断器

【例句】

1. It took longer than I expected due to several reasons. The first one was because of massive delays.这件事花的时间比我预计的要多，原因有几个。首先是延误时间过长。

2. The airplane was delayed for more than 8 hours for no reason, which was the most ridiculous thing and annoyed me a lot.飞机无缘无故延误了八个多小时，这是最荒唐的事情，让我很不高兴。

741- document

742- documentation

n.文件证据, 文献资料

【例句】When you open a bank account, you should take some documentation with you. 当你去银行开户时, 要随身携带一些文件资料。

743- dormitory

n.(集体)宿舍

【例句】The club has long term dormitory accommodation.俱乐部提供长期的宿舍住宿服务。

【要点】当我们要去留学时, 不能不考虑住宿问题, 你可以选择宿舍(dormitory), 还可以选择公寓(flat), 甚至住在当地人家里(homestay), 这些要根据个人和学校的情况来决定。

744- due

a.应支付的; （车、船等）预定应到达的; 应有的 英式发音?

【同】due to→ because of; owing to 美式发音?

【搭配】due to 由于, 因为

【例句】You must return books before or on the due date. 你必须在规定的时间之前或当天还书。

-a.预期的；应得的；正当的

【例句】

1. The book How to Win Friends and Influence People first tells us that 15 percent of one's success is due to technical knowledge.《人性的弱点》这本书首先告诉我们，一个人的成功百分之十五都得益于个人的专业知识。

2. The narrator has been working for the channel for so many years. And I began to like the program partly due to his tender voice and his amiability.这位演播员在这个频道已经工作了很多年，我开始喜欢这个节目的部分原因就是他温 柔的嗓音和和蔼可亲的感觉。

3. Chinese architecture is different from any other style in the world mainly due to the building materials that have been available to people for many centuries.中式建筑与世界上其他任何建筑风格都不一样，主要是由于多个世纪以来 人们使用的建筑材料不同。

4. The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon involving the increase in global surface temperature due to the presence of greenhouse gases.温室效应是一种自然现象，由于温室气体的出现而导致全球气温升高。

745- exhibition

n.展览会; 陈列, 展览

【搭配】education exhibition 教育展

【例句】You'll be working in the exhibition hall at all times, giving directions and generally helping people whenever you can.你将会一直在展览厅工作, 给人提供信息, 总的来说就是随时帮助需要帮助的人。

-n.展览（会）

【例句】

1. I like attending various exhibitions so long as there is such an opportunity.只要有机会，我就喜欢去参观各种展览会。

2. This is one of our permanent exhibitions.这是我们的长期展览之一。

746- expand

v.(使)膨胀, （使）扩张; 张开, 展开

【搭配】expand one's knowledge 扩大知识面; the expansion of a bird's wings鸟 翼的伸展; expand our horizon 扩大知识面, 扩大眼界

【例句】The goal of university should be to expand the minds of students. 大学的目标应该是开阔学生们的视野。

v.扩张，扩大；展开

【搭配】 expand one's knowledge 扩犬知识面；expand our horizon 开阔视野

【例句】

1. Every eruption is different, but where there are weaknesses, rocks deep in the mantle, heated to 1,350℃， will start to expand and rise.每次喷发都是不同的，但是存在弱点的地方，在温度达到1350℃时，地幔深处的岩石就开始扩大、上升。

2. The money supply expanded by 14.6 per cent in the year to September.截至9月份，当年的货币供应量增加了14.6%。

3. Plans to expand the company have been quietly shelved.扩大公司规模的计划已被悄悄搁置下来。

【同义】extend(v.扩展；延伸)；swell(v.膨胀；隆起)

【反义】shrink(v.收缩)

【要点】 enlarge, amplify, expand, increase, magnify, multiply和augment都有“增加，增大”的意思，在雅思考试中，要注意这些动词的用法：enlarge主要指面积或体积等的扩大；amplify多用在科技文章中，指声音的扩大或电磁波的增强；expand指范围、程度、体积和尺寸等的扩大或增加；increase是指数量、强度和大小等的增加，使用范围最广；magnify多指用光学仪器使物体看上去显得变大，也指事实上把某物变大，有时用于夸张意味；multiply 通常是指由自然繁殖而产生的增长，有时也指同类事物数量的成倍增加；augment是较正式用词，一般指在原有基础上增加含量而扩大。

-v.扩张，扩大；张开，展开；变得热情或愿意 交谈

【搭配】expand one's knowledge 扩大知识面; expand one's horizon 扩大视野 【例句】

1. Once over the age of three, children continue to expand on existing knowledge of the world.一旦孩子过了三岁,他们就会不断扩充现有的世界知识。

2. While showing in the class, most teachers will expand the knowledge extent, especially adding some latest discoveries and breakthroughs. 在课堂授课时，大部分教师会扩展知识面,尤其是会讲一些最新的发现和突破。

【反义】 contract（ v. 收缩）

747- extensive

a.广大的, 广阔的; 广泛的

【同】widespread

【搭配】make extensive use of 广泛应用; extensive reading 泛读; extensive knowledge广博的知识（面）

【例句】The hurricane caused extensive loss to farmers. 飓风给农民造成了巨大的损失。

a.广阔的，广泛的

【搭配】 make extensive use of 广泛应用；extensive reading 泛读

【例句】

1. A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine.秘诀的一大部分是他们拥有由科学和医学支持的广泛而昂贵的体育学院网络体系。

2. Extensive underground water resources are available over more than half ofAustralia's land area.澳大利亚超过半数的领土下面广泛分布着可供利用的地下水资源。

【反义】 intensive(a.集中的)

748- facility

n.灵巧, 熟练; 设备, 设施; 便利条件

【搭配】communication facilities 通讯设施

【例句】Could I ask you about the college facilities? 我可以问你一下关于学院设施的问题吗？

【要点】facility在作"设备, 设施; 便利条件"讲时常用复数。

n.设备，设施；天赋

【搭配】 communication facilities 通讯设施

【例句】

1. From earliest childhood we are so bound up with our system of numeration that it is a feat of imagination to consider the problems faced by early humans who had not yet developed this facility.我们从小就离不开记数法，所以难以想象早期尚不会这种方法的人类会面临多少难题。

2. When an authorised user wishes to enter or use the facility, the system scans the person's corresponding characteristics and attempts to match them against those on record.当特许用户想进入或使用这个设备时，系统就会扫描该用户的相应特征，并尝试将其与原始记录进行匹配。

3. There are facilities for high energy particle experiments in our research centre.我们的研究中心有高能粒子实验装置。

【要点】facility一词表示具有专门用途的设备，是可数名词，而其【同义】词equipment则为不可数名词，在二者做【同义】替换时，要注意词形变换。

-n. 设备，设施；潜力，资质

【搭配】communication facilities通讯设施; a facility for languages语言天赋

【例句】

1. Such talents can give individuals a facility for certain skills that allow them to excel.这些天赋能让人拥有掌握特定技巧的能力，让自己变得更加优秀。

2. There are facilities for high energy particle experiment in our research centre. 我们研究中心有高能粒子实验装置。

749- flock

v.群集, 成群结队而行

【同】assemble; congregate

【搭配】flock into大批地涌进

【例句】Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚。

750- expire

v.期满, （期限）终止; 呼气; 断气, 死亡

【同】run out

【例句】My driving license wil expire next year. 我的驾照明年到期。

【要点】图书馆借书场景中曾出现过 overdue and pay a fine(过期并交罚款)和 expiry(过期)。

751- flute

n.笛子

【搭配】transverse flute 横笛

【例句】The flute is a musical instrument, shaped like a thin pipe. 笛子是一种乐器, 形似细管。

【要点】相关词汇：
string 弦乐
percussion 打击乐器
chorus 合唱团
record 唱片
- frantically ad.疯狂地, 狂热地

【同】hystericaly

【例句】Although I've got behind with my study, it's worth practicing frantically for the whole week. 尽管我的学习有点落下了, 整周疯狂的练习却是非常值得的。

【要点】表示"程度"的相关词汇：
desperate 不顾一切的
indifferent 不积极的
actively 积极地

752- exploit

v.开拓, 开发

【例句】To make the axes, the sources of suitable stone had to be found and systematically exploited. 要制造石斧, 必须先找到合适的石材来源并系统地进行开发。

【要点】exploit容易和 explore 搞混, explore意思是"探测、探索", 注意不要拼错。

v.剥削；利用；开拓

【例句】

1. This might be a problem of bats' own making, one that they could avoid simply by changing their habits and hunting by day. But the "daytime economy" is already heavily exploited by other creatures.也许这是蝙蝠自找的麻烦，这个麻烦仅仅通过改变习惯在白天捕食就可以避免。但是，“白日经济”已被其他生物过度利用了。

2. Our company was quick to exploit a money-making opportunity which was provided by the government.我们公司很快就抓住了政府提供的赚钱的机会。

【要点】exploit的【同义】词很多，它们在用法上都各有侧重点：use用法最广，侧重表达为达到某一目的而利用；apply指将一事物运用于另一事物之上以发挥其有效作用；employ指使用处于消极状态或未被用过的人或物，可以与use换用，但强调进行选择、充分利用；utilize侧重有利可图或能达到某一实际目的，在书面语中更常见；avail通常指使用手边或就近的人或物以有利于自己；exploit则强调充分利用。

-v.剥削；利用；开拓

【例句】

1. Advertisers can push up the needs of people, exploit or even produce the needs. But whatever they do, they will be based upon people's needs.广告商可以推动人们的需求，开拓甚至创造需求，但无论他们做什么，他们都要基 于人们的需求。

2. Our company was quick to exploit a money-making opportunity which was provided by the government.我们公司很快就抓住了政府提供的赚钱机会。

753- frantically

754- issue

n.发行（物）, （报刊）期号; 问题, 议题 v.流出, 放出; 发行, 发表; 颁布

【搭配】issue a statement 发表声明; issue shares 发行股票; at issue 讨论或争议 中的; environmental issues环境问题

【例句】The post office is going to issue a new stamp at the end of this month. 邮局打算本月末发行一种新邮票。

755- identity

n.同一性, 一致性; 身份; 个性, 特性

【例句】The policemen have not found out the identity of the murderer yet. 警方还没确定谋杀犯的身份。

【要点】ID的全称就是identity card, 也就是我们常说的"身份证"。

a.身份；特性；同一性

【搭配】 cultural identity 文化特性

【例句】

1. Carefully fostered class identity makes pupils keen to help each other- anyhow, it is in their interests since the class progresses together.精心培养起来的班级认同使同学们热衷于互相帮助——不管怎样，班级共同进步，大家都会受益。

2. If people want to enter this building, their identities must be authenticated by an electronic scanner.如果人们想进入这座大楼，需经电子扫描仪进行身份验证。

【要点】常见的由identity组成的短语表达有，identity card“身份证”，cultural identity“文化身份；文化认同”，national identity“国家认同；民族认同”。

-n. 身份；特性；同一性

【搭配】Ecultural identity 文化特性

【例句】

1. I love the excitement and suspense in the stadium where the football teams are playing against each other. It seems that I often lose my identity in such a large crowd, and go crazy about the smallest things.我喜欢体育场里足球队互相较量时的紧张和刺激,在像这样的大场面中我经常会忘记自己,为最微小的 事情而疯狂。

2. If people want to enter this building, their identities must be authenticated by an electronic scanner.如果人们想进入这座大楼,必须经电子扫描仪进行身份验证。

【同义】individuality （n. 个性，特性）

756- interactive

a.互动的

【同】interactional

【搭配】interactive system 交互系统

【例句】We used to have an activity room with more interactive things like making models of dinosaurs and discussing together. 我们以前有一个活动室, 在那里可以进行很多互动活动, 比如制作恐龙模型或一起讨论。

757- index

n.索引; 标志; 指数 v.附以索引, 编入索引

【搭配】commodity price index 商品价格指数

【例句】I always find it helpful to put some ideas on index cards. 我一直认为把一些想法制成索引卡片很有用。

【要点】index 的复数是 indexes 或 indices。

758- journal

n.定期刊物, 杂志, 日报; 日志, 日记

【例句】You can refer to journals when writing your paper. 写论文时你可以参考刊物。

【要点】学术期刊与 magazine(杂志)是不一样的, 还有一个词是 periodic(刊)。

759- mature

a.成熟的, 熟的; 成年人的 英式发音? v.(使)成熟 美式发音?

【搭配】mature students成年学生

【例句】Paul seemed very mature when he was a child. 保罗在还是个孩子时就显得很 成熟。

760- method

n.方法, 办法

【同】approach; way

【搭配】teaching method 教学方法; payment method付款方式

【例句】A new teaching method has been introduced at the university. 该大学引进了一种新的教学方法。

761- list

n.表, 目录, 名单 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化 v.把...编列成表, 列入表内

【搭配】reading list 书单; checking list 核对清单; shopping list 购物单; price list价 格表

【例句】Bob's name was removed from the award list. 鲍勃的名字从奖励名单上被删除了。

762- loan

n.贷款; 暂借的东西; 出借, 借出 v.借出

【搭配】on loan 暂借的/地; approve a loan 批准贷款

【例句】The bank decided to make a loan to students from poor families. 银行决定让家庭贫困的学生贷款。

【要点】出国留学, 我们可以向大学申请奖学金(scholarship), 还可以向银行申请学 生贷款(student loan)。

763- orchestra

n.管弦乐队

【同】band

【搭配】symphony orchestra交响乐团; orchestra conductor 管弦乐队指挥

【例句】Which one do you think is the finest orchestra in our country? 你觉得我国最棒的管弦乐队是哪一支？

764- questionnaire

n.调查表, （作统计或调查用的）问卷, 征求意见表

【例句】It takes me several minutes to fill out the questionnaire. 我花了几分钟的时间填写调查表。

765- periodical

a.周期的, 定期的 n.期刊, 杂志

【例句】The professor's paper has been issued in the latest periodical. 教授的论文已经发表在最近的一期期刊上。

766- proposal

n.提议, 建议; 求婚

【同】offer; proposition

【搭配】package proposal一揽子建议; financial proposal 财政建议

【例句】The school master has accepted proposals to renovate the old dormitories. 校长已经接受了关于翻新那些破旧宿舍的提议。

n.提议，建议；求婚

【例句】

1. Various proposals were put forward for increasing sales.为提高销售额而提出了各种建议。

2. The school master has accepted proposals to renovate the old schoolhouses.校长已经接受了关于翻新破旧校舍的提议。

3. She had had many proposals of marriage but preferred to remain single.许多人向她求过婚，但她愿过独身生活。

767- overdue

a.过期未付的; 逾期的; 过度的, 过火的; 延误的

【例句】The landlord is not very pleased because the rent is overdue. 因为房租过期未付, 房东不是很高兴。

768- refer

v.参考, 查阅; 提到, 引用; 提交, 上呈

【同】mention; touch on

【搭配】refer to参考, 查阅; 涉及, 提到; 把...提交; refer to. as把. 称作, 把...当作

【例句】In his speech, Martin referred to education reform several times. 马丁在演讲中多次提到教育改革的问题。

【要点】refer的过去式和过去分词要双写r再加ed。

769- participation

n.分享; 参与

【例句】Students under 20 years old are not allowed to attend the party. 不允许20岁以下的学生参加聚会。

【要点】participation 后常接介词in, 注意听in后面的内容, 通常为考点。

770- reference

n.参考, 参考书目; 提及, 涉及; 证明（人）; 介绍（人）

【搭配】with/in reference to 关于; reference source参考源; reference letter 推荐 信; reference book参考书; reference library参考书阅览室

【例句】The teachers wil not give the range of reference books. 老师们不会给出参考书范围。

-n.参考书目；介绍信；证明书 -v.引用，提及

【例句】 You will find your knowledge gained from travel is no less valuable than that from any influential reference book in your later life.在日后的生活中你会发现，旅行中获得的知识不会逊色于从任何有影响力的参考书中得到的 知识。

【要点】reference的用法很多，一些常用的搭配有reference price(参考价)，in reference to(关于)。在教育话题中，我们经常用到的就是reference book(参考书)。

771- rehearse

v.排练

【例句】It's our first performance next week, so we're rehearsing every day. 下周我们就要进行第一次表演了, 所以我们每天都在排练。

-v.排练；预演；演习

【例句】

1. For the coming Christmas celebration, our club has already rehearsed many times, so I am sure that we can give a wonderful performance that night.为了即将到来的圣诞节庆祝活动，我们社团已经排演了很多次，我相信我们一定 能在当晚献上精彩的表演。

2. When rehearsing your speech, note whether your face helps communicate your thoughts.当你在排练演讲时，要注意你的面部表情是否有助于传达你的思想。

772- relay

名词发音? n.驿马; 接替人员; 接力赛; 中继转播 动词发音? v.传送, 转送; 转播

【搭配】relay race 接力赛

【例句】We also need images of the earth's surface which we can produce by means of computer-generation technology or with the help of sate lite relays. 我们也需要地球表面的图像, 可以通过电脑生成技术或卫星传送获得。

773- renew

v.(使)更新, 恢复, 重新开始; 继续

【同】continue; go on; resume

【例句】The borrowing period is one month, but some books can be renewed. 书的借期是一个月, 不过有些书可以续借。

-v.重新开始；恢复；延长有效期

【例句】

1. At the same time, forests provide raw materials for human activities through their constantly renewed production of wood.同时，森林不断地长出新木头，为人类活动提供原材料。

2. Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors' marketplace.然而，在收藏市场上，人们对原创胶木制品又有了新的需求，所以最近它 又获得了新生。

3. The swift increase of population renewed the demand for building houses quickly and cheaply. 迅速增长的人口再次要求加快房屋建造速度，并降低建造成本。

【派生】 renewable(a.可续期的)；renewal(n.更新)

774- solution

n.解答, 解决办法; 溶解, 溶液

【例句】It took time to find a solution to the problem. 找到解决该问题的方法需要时间。

【要点】solution 后接介词to, 类似的词有：answer, reply, approach。

775- selection

n.挑选, 选择; 选集

【同】choice; option

【搭配】selection check 抽查; natural selection自然选择

【例句】A selection of some readers' comments will be published in a book of the student union this year. 今年, 一些经过挑选的读者评论将会刊登在学生会的书上。

776- statistics

n.统计, 统计资料, 统计学

【例句】I'm quite interested in statistics about the enterprises in the different zones. 我对有关不同区域的企业的统计资料很感兴趣。

【要点】这个词在学术场景中经常出现, 一定要拼写正确。

-n. 统计数值；统计学

【例句】

1. The writer pointed out that the employment statistics was deceptive. 这位作 他们可以考虑收集统计数据或民意调查来支持自己的想法。 家指出此就业统计数据并不可信。

2. They can consider gathering statistics or consensus to support their opinions. strive -v.努力；奋斗；抗争

【搭配】strive for success力争获得成功【例句】 No one can choose his talent, but one can be successful after striving for himself

777- stress

n.压力; 重力; 重音; 强调, 重点 v.强调, 着重

【搭配】stress management 对压力的管理

【例句】All teachers placed the stress on hard-work. 所有的老师都强调努力学习。

778- subscription

n.订阅, 订购; 订阅费, 订购款; 捐赠, 捐款; 签字, 签署

【例句】The club demands ￡500 for the annual subscription fee. 那个俱乐部每年的会员费要500镑。

【要点】subscription 常和介词to【搭配】, 表示"订阅"之意。

779- supplement

n.增补（物）, 补充（物）; 补遗; 增刊; 附录 v.增补, 补充 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】supplement to 对...的补充

【例句】Many people are taking part time jobs to supplement their ordinary income. 许多人做兼职来补贴日常收入。

n.增补（物）；增刊 v.增补，补充

【搭配】 supplement to 对...的补充；vitamin supplements维生素添加剂

【例句】

1. All corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language, through either introspection or experimentation.所有语料库，无论大小，其覆盖范围必然是有限的，因此总需要通过内省或实验来补充由母语使用者的直觉得出的数据。

2. Where possible, the recording has to be supplemented by the observer's written comments on the non-verbal behaviour of the participants, and about the context in general.在有可能的情况下，观察者需记录对受试者非言语行为以及总体环境的书面评价,以作为补充。

3. For the time before records began, we have only "proxy records"reconstructed largely from tree rings and ice cores, supplemented by a few incomplete written accounts.在开始记录之前的那段时间，我们只有一些主要由树木年轮及冰芯重建的替代记录，并以少许不完整的书面记录作为补充。

4. A student loan is intended to supplement living costs of students.学生贷款旨在补贴学生的生活花费。

-n.增补（物）；增刊 -v.增补，补充

【搭配】supplement to 对...的补充；vitamin supplements 维生素补充剂； supplement sth. with sth.用...补充.....

【例句】 In Western countries, teenagers often have a Saturday job, or holiday job, to supplement their allowance.西方国家的青少年经常在周六或节假日打零工，以补贴零用钱。

【派生】 supplementary(a.补充的)

780- sponsor

n.发起人, 主办者; 保证人 v.发起, 主办

【例句】The sports meeting was sponsored by a local enterprise. 运动会由一家当地企业主办。

n.发起者 v.发起；资助

【例句】

1. The country will launch a government-sponsored cheap textbooks scheme.该国将推行政府资助的廉价教科书的方案。

2. He is the main sponsor of the conference.他是这次会议的主要发起者。

781- stamina

n.耐力, 体力

【同】endurance; fortitude

【例句】It takes everyone a great deal of stamina to run a marathon especially in summer. 跑马拉松会消耗人很多的体力, 特别是在夏天。

782- survey

v/n.俯瞰, 眺望; 全面审视, 调查; 测量, 勘定 名词发音? 动词发音?

【搭配】sample survey 抽样调查; land survey 土地测量; survey of reading阅读调查

【例句】The students were hired to survey a project for its feasibility. 学生们被雇佣来调查一个项目的可行性。

783- union

n.协会, 【同】盟; 联合, 合并; 一致, 融洽

【同】association

【习语】 the Student Union 学生会; labour union 工会

【例句】The speech contest is presided over by the Student Union.这次演讲比赛是由学生会组织的。

【要点】有时"学生会"会直接读作SU。

784- volunteer

a.志愿的, 义务的, 无偿的 n./v.志愿（者、兵）; 自愿（提供）

【例句】Students volunteered to take care of the old. 学生们自愿照顾老人。

-n.志愿者；志愿兵 -v.自愿，志愿；自愿提供

【搭配】volunteer social workers 社会义工；volunteer troops 志愿部队； volunteer information 自愿提供情况

【例句】

1. I almost volunteered myself to join the organization so that I would be able to try making my own ice sculpture.我差点就主动报名参加这个协会，这样我 就能自己雕刻冰雕了。

2. Mary volunteered to work as a teacher in West Africa.玛丽自愿去非洲西部 做一名教师。

【要点】在现代生活中，volunteer一词颇为流行，在口语和写作考试中也常常用 到，它既可以作名词，意思是"志愿者"，如volunteer work(志愿工 作)，volunteer doctor(志愿者医生)，volunteer organization(志愿者组 织)，volunteer service(义工服务)；也可以用作动词，意思是"自愿 做"，常用结构为volunteer to do sth.(自愿做某事)。

785- ## 7-职业技能篇 @k1 review-3

786- allowance

n.津贴, 补助（费）

【搭配】make allowance(s)for 考虑到, 顾及; 体谅, 原谅; 为...留余地; financial allowance财务津贴

【例句】This accommodation fee deducts $80 out of my allowance every month. 从我每月的补助中会扣除80美元用作住宿费用。

787- alternative

a.两者挑一的 n.可供选择的事物, 替换物, 选择对象

【例句】In the late sixteenth century, a lot of agricultural workers came to the East End to look for alternative work. 16世纪晚期, 大量的农业工人来到伦敦东区寻找其他工作。

n.二选一，选择 a.两者选一的

【搭配】 an alternative lifestyle 另一种生活方式

【例句】

1. In 1993, Dr. Laver and his colleagues published a survey of 289 Sydney people who attended eight alternative therapists' practices in Sydney. 1993年，赖维尔博士和他的同事发表了一份调查报告，研究了289名在悉尼接受过8次替代疗法的当地人。

2. The coal industry should be abandoned in favour of alternative energy sources.应该用其他新能源来取代煤炭业。

【要点】alternative指“从两者当中选择一个”，而alternate则指“两种事物交替、轮换”。

-n.二选一，选择 -a.两者选一的

【搭配】an alternative lifestyle 另一种生活方式

【例句】

1. Some drugs still need to be withdrawn, despite testing. But we simply do not have any alternatives of testing.尽管经过测试，一些药品还是要被撤回。但是我们没有任何其他可替代的测试方式可以选择。

2. We have to look for a site for the new bridge, and then make recommendations to the construction company of all the alternatives, together with some idea of the costs.我们必须为新桥选择一个地址，然后给建筑公司提出所有推荐方 案以及大概费用。

3. The coal industry should be abandoned in favour of alternative energy sources.应该用其他的替代能源来取代煤炭业。

【要点】alternative在口语中还有"另类的，少众的"意思，例如alternative rap(另类说唱)，常见的搭配还有alternative energy(替代能源，新能源)，have no alternative(没有其他选择)，alternative fuel(代用燃料)；alternative method(替代的方法)。

788- administrative

a.管理的, 行政的

【例句】Jack used to work in an administrative position.杰克曾担任行政职务。

789- administrator

n.管理人员, 行政官员

【例句】For administrators we provide a four-month certificate course. 对于管理人员, 我们提供为期四个月的资格培训课程。

【要点】在雅思听力考试中, 本词在发音时语速会很快, 一定要听清这个词的发音, 不要误写为 ministrator。

790- adopt

v.采用, 采纳; 收养 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】adopt policy 采取政策; adopt a new technique 采用新技术

【例句】The school should adopt new methods of teaching foreign students. 学校应该采用新的方法来教授留学生。

【要点】千万不要把adopt写成adapt(v.适应; 改编)。

-v.收养；采纳；正式通过

【例句】

1. People today realize that a well-designed environment improves the quality of the life, which is not necessarily achieved by adopting one well-defined style of architecture.今天，人们认识到，设计优美的环境能提高生活质量，而这种 提高并不一定要通过采用良好的建筑风格才能达到。

2. To accept your idea is one thing, while to adopt it is another.接受你的理念是一回事，而采纳它是另一回事。

【派生】adoption(n.采纳；收养)；adoptive(a.采纳的；有收养关系的)

【同义】embrace(v.欣然接受)

791- annual

a.每年的, 年度的 n.年刊, 年鉴

【搭配】an annual report年度报告; annual rainfall 全年降雨量

【例句】It's now ￡500 for the annual subscription fee in the club. 现在这家俱乐部每年的会员费是500英镑。

【要点】到年终时, 许多公司会开年会(annual meeting), 对年收入(annual income) 和下一年的年度预算(annual budget)进行分析。annual还可以表示"年刊", 而周刊、月刊、季刊、半月刊、双月刊分别是weekly, monthly, quarterly, semimonthly, bimonthly.

-a.每年的，一年一次的

【例句】

1. The business operates only on a membership scheme; those people who want to join have to register and pay an annual fee first.这个企业以会员制运营，想要加入的人必须先注册并且缴纳年费。

2. I'd like to spend my annual holiday travelling abroad, as it is an especially satisfying experience for people like me who do not have much opportunity to be away from their home.我喜欢把年假用在出国旅游上，因为对于像我这样没有什么机会远离家乡的人来说，这是特别令人满足的体验。

792- applicant

n.申请人 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【例句】The interview gives an employer a bit of information about an applicant's character. 面试为雇主提供了一些求职者性格方面的信息。

【要点】在雅思听力考试中, 常会听到job applicant这个短语, 意思是"求职者", 表示该意的词还有job hunter, 而"简历"用英文可以表示为resume或CurriculumVitae, 简称 CV。

-n.申请人

【例句】

1. The job market is becoming more and more competitive, and sometimes there are hundreds of applicants for one position.就业市场的竞争变得越来越激烈，有时候会有数百名申请者同时申请一个职位。

2. For example, a potentially successful applicant must weigh up the competition from others, and show his merits to interviewers.例如，一个有望成功的求职者必须权衡别人的竞争力，把自己的优点展示给面试官。 要总applicant一词经常用在求职的话题中，如job applicant(求职者)；此外，也常用在教育话题中，意思是学校/学位申请者，如college applicant(大学 申请者)；而短语applicant for的意思是"...的申请者"。

793- appoint

v.任命, 委任; 约定, 指定 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】appoint to 任命, 委任; an appointed official 委派的官员

【例句】The department may appoint a new professor to the course this week. 本周该系可能指定一名新教授来教这门课。

794- balance

n.天平, 秤; 均衡, 平衡; 结存, 结欠 v.使平衡, 使均衡; 称; 权衡, 比较

【搭配】on balance 总的来说, 平衡来看; balance between ...之间的平衡; balance beam 平衡木

【例句】We are trying to find a balance between work and study. 我们正尝试在工作和学习之间找到平衡。

795- aspect

n.样子, 外表, 面貌; （问题等的）方面 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】in al aspects 全面

【例句】The book is intended to cover al aspects of country life. 这本书旨在覆盖乡村生活的各个方面。

-n.方面；外观，样子

【搭配】in al aspects 全面；aspect of...方面

【例句】

1. In the field of forensic accounting, you have to figure out who has been playing funny with the money. Although the number crunching aspect is still there, the role is not limited to that.在法务会计的领域，你必须查出谁在财务上耍花样。虽然还是关于数字运算，但是它的角色并不局限于此。

2. A great deal of empirical evidence shows that pictures in a book interfere in a demanding way with all aspects of learning to read.大量经验证明，书中的插图给学习阅读的各个方面都带来了困扰，更加费力。

796- business

n.商业, 生意; 事务; 职责

【搭配】on business 因公, 因事; go on business trip出差

【例句】The manager will need to go to that city on business for one day. 经理需要到那个城市出差一天。

【要点】乘坐飞机时, 商人(businessman)通常会选商务舱(business class)。除了商务舱, 飞机上通常还有头等舱(first class)和经济舱(economy class)可供选择。

797- candidate

n.候选人, 候补者; 报考者

【例句】In most interviews candidates are asked questions about their merits and demerits.在大多数面试中, 候选人都会被问及有关他们优缺点方面的问题。

-n. 候选人；申请求职者

【搭配】candidate for …的候选人

【例句】

1. Kungfu Panda tells us a story about a panda named Po, who is chosen to be the Dragon Warrior candidate by Master Oogway and awarded the mission to defeat the evil Tailung in this movie. 《功夫熊猫》这部电影为我们讲述了这 样一个故事：一只名叫阿宝的熊猫被乌龟大师选为"龙战士"的侯选人，并且委以重任打败了邪恶的太郎。

2. These forms have to be filled out by the candidates.这些表格需要申请者来 填写。

798- capable

a.有能力的, 能干的; 有技能的

【同】competent

【搭配】be capable of doing 有能力做...

【例句】This kind of machine is capable of processing various material. 这种机器可以加工各种材料。

799- barrier

n.栅栏; 检票口; 障碍; 界线

【同】barricade; obstruction

【搭配】language barrier 语言障碍; trade barrier 贸易壁垒

【例句】The language barrier presents itself in stark form to firms who wish to market their products in other countries. 对于那些希望在其他国家销售自己产品的公司来说, 语言成了明显的障碍。

n.栅栏；检票口；障碍；屏障

【搭配】 language barrier 语言障碍；trade barrier 贸易壁垒

【例句】

1. The general worldwide decline in trade barriers, such as customs duties and import quotas, is surely one account. 世界范围的贸易壁垒普遍减少，如关税和进口配额，的确是个原因。

2. The language barrier presents itself in stark form to firms who wish to market their products in other countries.对于那些希望在其他国家销售自己产品的公司来说，语言成了明显的障碍。

800- capacity

n.容量, 容积; 能量, 能力; 接受力

【同】volume

【搭配】the capacity of ...的容量; the capacity to do/for doing sth. 做...的能力

【例句】The meeting room has a seating capacity of 50. 这个会议室可以容纳50人。

-n.容量；生产力；能力

【搭配】the capacity of ...的容量；the capacity to do/for doing sth.有能力做.； capacity for ...的能力； have the capacity to do sth.有能力做某事；work at full capacity 全力生产

【例句】

1. Let more people realize the latent capacity of rural area in order to attract talent and investment. 让更多的人认识到农村的潜在能力，以吸引人才和投资。

2. Without genetic variability a species would lack the capacity to evolve and could not adapt to changes in the environment.没有遗传多样性，物种就会缺乏进化的能力，也就不能适应环境的变化。

3. Humans have a greater capacity for remembering the ancient than the contemporary.人类更善于记住以前发生的事情,而不是现在发生的。

4. As the saying goes, with great capacity comes great responsibility and more requirements.俗话说：能力越强，责任越大，要求也更高。 点 capacity表示"能力"时，尤指接受、容纳、吸收方面的能力，既可以用于 人，也可用于物，如storage capacity(存储量)；ability一般指做事或行动 的能力，主要用于人，常用搭配为the ability to do sth.(做某事的能力)；capability指人所具有的从事某项工作或达到某一目的必需的才能，常用搭 配为the capability of doing sth.(做某事的能力)。

801- casual

a.偶然的, 碰巧的; 临时的, 非正式的

【搭配】casual meeting 邂逅; casual worker 临时工; casual clothes 便装

【例句】Helen occasionally wears casual clothes during classes. 海伦有时候在课上穿便装。

【要点】千万不要把 casual 写成 causal(原因的)。

-a.随便的；非正式的；临时的；偶然的

【搭配】a casual encounter 邂逅；a casual remark 漫不经心的话；a casual inspection 草率的检查；casual wear 便装；a casual labourer 临时工；a casual acquaintance 泛泛之交

【例句】

1. You can wear a tunic and sandals for a casual look, or buttoned-down shirts and heels for a more grown-up look.你可以穿看起来很随意的宽松罩衫和凉鞋，或者比较成熟一些的系扣衬衫和高跟鞋。

2. Some of them are only casual friends like my friends at work, but I also have some best friends. 有些朋友只是普通朋友，就像工作中认识的朋友，不过我还有一些好朋友。

802- certificate

n.证（明）书, 执照

【搭配】teaching certificate 执教证书; marriage certificate 结婚证

【例句】Show your birth certificate, please. 请出示你的出生证明。

n.证书；执照

【搭配】teaching certificate 教师资格证；birth certificate 出生证明；marriage certificate 结婚证

【例句】

1. This college has been providing accredited natural health courses for more than 20 years, and offers accredited certificate, diploma and advanced diploma level natural medicine, beauty and massage courses.20多年来，该学院一直开设受认可的自然健康课程，并提供自然医学、美容及按摩课程的认证证书、文凭及高级文凭。

2. We provide a four-month certificate course but you should be aware that this is designed for those who are in employment.我们提供为期4个月的资格认证课程，但是你要明白这一课程是专为在职人员开设的。

【派生】 certificated(a.合格的)；certification(n.证明)

803- combine

n.联合企业（或团体）; 联合收割机 名词发音? v.联合, 结合 动词发音?

【同】integrate

【例句】What they did was to combine the traditional approaches of social change with the source of technique used in commercial sectors to market new product. 他们所做的就是把改变社会的传统方法与商业领域的技巧来源结合起来, 针对新产品做市场营销。

-v.联合，结合

【例句】I reckon that you can guess my answer from what I've mentioned above. In my opinion, reading English newspapers combines the language learning and the latest news perfectly.我估计你可以从我上面所讲的猜到我的答案。我认 为，阅读英文报纸是将语言学习和获取最新资讯完美地结合起来。

804- commence

v.开始

【同】begin

【例句】Before we commence our tour I'd just like to tell you a little bit about the history of the art gallery. 参观前, 我想为你们介绍关于艺术画廊的一些历史背景。

-v.开始

【搭配】commence with从...开始；commence doing sth.开始做某事

【例句】

1. Most courses commence at 9 am and run till 3 pm.大部分课程从上午9点开 始，直到下午3点结束。

2. To commence with, I'd like to introduce my parents, with whom I have lived together for nearly 20 years.我想从介绍我的父母开始，我和他们一起生活 了近20年。

805- committee

n.委员会, 全体委员

【例句】The committee's decisions are often determined by the members' vote. 委员会的决议常常由委员投票决定。

806- compassionate

a.有同情心的

【同】sympathetic

【搭配】compassionate attitude热诚的态度; compassionate leave特殊私事准假(一般指丧假)

【例句】We should try our best to create a more compassionate society. 我们应该竭尽全力营造一个更人性化的社会。

-a. 慈悲的；富有同情心的

【搭配】compassionate attitude热诚的态度; compassionate leave照顾性准假 【例句】He likes to wear in an unconventional way. But you will find him compassionate,

807- compensate

v.补偿, 赔偿; 弥补

【同】make up for

【搭配】compensate for 弥补; 补偿, 赔偿

【例句】The maker printed the dialogue along the bottom of the film to compensate for this poor sound quality. 制片人在影片下方打出字幕以弥补声音质量的缺陷。

v.补偿，赔偿；抵消

【搭配】compensate for 弥补；补偿，赔偿；compensate the consumer for the loss 弥补消费者的损失

【例句】

1. Although the senses of taste and smell appear to have deteriorated, and vision in water appears to be uncertain, such weaknesses are more than compensated for by cetaceans' well-developed acoustic sense.虽然味觉和嗅觉好像已经退化，在水中的视力似乎也不确定，但是这些缺点早已被鲸类动物发达的听觉所弥补。

2. The study suggests that people who smoke cigarettes are continually damaging their cardiovascular system, which adapts in order to compensate for the effects of smoking. 研究显示，吸烟者在不断破坏自身的心血管系统，因为心血管系统需要适应烟气以抵消因吸烟带来的影响。

【同义】pay(v.赔偿，偿还)

-v.补偿；抵消

【搭配】compensate for 弥补；补偿，赔偿；compensate the consumer for the loss 弥补消费者的损失【例句】

1. Nowadays, as more and more women have become the sole breadwinners in families, nothing can compensate for their loss of time for staying with their children.现在，越来越多的女性成为家中唯一挣钱养家的人，因此她们失 去了与孩子在一起的时间，这是任何东西都无法补偿的。

2. The study suggests that people who smoke cigarettes are continually damaging their cardiovascular system, which adapts in order to compensate for the effects of smoking.研究显示,吸烟者在不断破坏自身的心血管系统,因为心血管 系统需要不断适应以抵消抽烟带来的影响。

【派生】

【同义】compensatory （a. 补偿的；赔偿的） pay （v. 赔偿）

808- cope

v.竞争, 对抗; 对付, 应付, 妥善处理

【同】cope with→deal with

【搭配】cope with(成功地)应付, 对付, 妥善处理

【例句】Peter has to cope with the difficult situation by himself. 彼得不得不自己应对困境。

-v.(成功地)应付，（妥善地）处理

【搭配】cope with problems 应对问题

【例句】

1. For example, they should learn how to cope with the money at their disposal.如，他们必须学会如何管理手边的钱财。

2. Books are available to help employees cope with stress.书籍能帮助员工应 对压力。

【同义】deal(v.处理)

809- confidential

a.机密的, 秘密的

【搭配】confidential employee机要人员; confidential information机密消息

【例句】Your financial status is highly confidential. 你的财务状况是高级机密。

810- consistency

n.一致性, 连贯性

【搭配】consistency principle一致性原则; internal consistency内部一致性

【例句】Employees need to ensure the consistency of service to all of our customers. 员工需要确保对所有顾客提供的服务始终如一。

811- contract

n.契约, 合同, 包工 名词发音? v.缩小, 缩短; 订（约）; 感染 动词发音?

【同】pact; treaty -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】carry out contracts 履行合同; abide by contracts 遵守合同

【例句】The contract can be terminated by either party. 双方都可以终止合同。

【要点】员工在试用期(probation)结束后要与企业签订劳动合同(labour contract), 企业要为其提供社会保险(social insurance), 包括失业保险(Unemployment)、工伤保险(On-job Injury)、医疗保险(Basic Medical)、生 育保险(Maternity)和住房公积金(Housing Fund)。

812- coordinator

n.协调者

【搭配】class coordinator 班主任

【例句】The activity needs an effective coordinator. 这项活动需要一位协调能力强的人。

【要点】在雅思听力考试中常考"班主任"这个词组。

813- correspondence

n.通信, 信件; 符合, 一致; 相当于, 对应

【同】letter

【搭配】keep correspondence with sb. 与某人保持通信; commercial correspondence 商业信函

【例句】I have kept correspondence with my former friends. 我一直和以前的朋友保持通信。

【要点】注意在考试中常会听到以下两个常用短语：correspondence with(符合, 一致), correspondence to(相当于, 对应)。

n.通信；一致；相当

【搭配】 correspondence with sb.通信；correspondence with sth.与...一致； correspondence course函授课程

【例句】In the 1960s, over two-thirds of British firms dealing with non-English-speaking customers were using English for outgoing correspondence.20世纪60年代，在与不会说英语的客户往来中，超过三分之二的英国公司使用英文书写外发信件。

【要点】 correspond为动词，表示“相一致；通信”；形容词形式为corresponding, 指“相当的；通信的”；correspondent是名词，指“通讯员，通信者”，这些不同形式可以放在一起记忆，但要特别注意它们的区别。

814- counsel

v.劝告, 忠告 n.法律顾问, 辩护人; 劝告, 忠告

【例句】Bil followed the tutor's counsel. 比尔听取了导师的忠告。

815- counsellor

n.顾问, 辅导员; 参赞; 法律顾问

【例句】Paula Clayburg is the chief counsellor at Liverpool's famous pain clinic. 保拉...克莱伯格是利物浦一家著名的止痛门诊的首席顾问。

【要点】注意counsellor的拼写, 不要把or写成er。

816- creative

a.有创造力的, 创造性的

【同】imaginative; inventive

【例句】John encouraged a creative writing style in classes. 约翰在课堂上鼓励创造性的写作风格。

817- current

a.当前的, 现在的; 通用的, 流行的 n.电流, 气流; 潮流, 趋势 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【同】existing; present

【搭配】air currents 气流; current affairs 时事; ocean current 洋流

【例句】Can you tell us what your current position is in your country? 你能告诉我们你目前在贵国所担任的职位吗？

n.水流，气流 a.当前的；流动的

【搭配】air currents 气流；current affairs 时事；ocean current 洋流；alternating current 交流电；the current situation 当前形势

【例句】

1. One set of candidates are known as para electric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current.一组候选材料被称为顺电材料。当它们进行温度变化时，就像电池一样：连接电极，产生电流。

2. He is recommending the immediate introduction of a "Green Food Standard", which would push the market towards more sustainable environmental practices than the current norm.他建议立即引入“绿色食品标准”，这将比现行规范更能推动市场朝着可持续的环保方向发展。

3. I should like to open a current account.我想开一个活期存款账户。

818- daily

a.每日的 ad.每日, 天天 n.日报

【例句】Helen adjusted her daily schedule to make time for the part time job. 海伦调整每日计划以安排时间来做兼职。

【要点】也常用per day 表示"每天"。

819- demand

n.要求, 请求, 需要（量） 英式发音? v.查问; 要求, 请求 美式发音?

【搭配】in great demand 需求量

【例句】The company refused the labour union's demand. 该公司拒绝了工会的请求。

【要点】demand在作"要求、请求"之意讲时其后的从句要用虚拟语气, 谓语用 should+动词原形, should可以省略, 注意听从句的内容。

-n.要求；需要 -v.要求

【例句】 We do have a few rooms available for delegates at the conference centre if you'd like. They are very cheap but if you're interested you'll need to book soon, because there's always a heavy demand for them.如果你们愿意的话我们在会议中心还有为参会代表准备的几间房间。房价非常便宜，但是如果你们感 兴趣的话就要尽快预订，因为这种房间很走俏。

820- design

n.设计, 图样 v.设计, 构思, 绘制

【例句】The garden is known as "Pear Alley"designed by George himself. 这个园子名为"梨巷", 由乔治亲自设计。

-n.设计；图案 -v.设计；构思

【搭配】have designs on sb./sth.企图伤害某人或将某物据为己有；be designed for/as 为...而制造

【例句】 Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and their structures.建筑学是一门设计建筑物及其结构的艺术和科学。

821- device

n.装置, 设备; 方法, 设计

【同】appliance

【例句】The modern techniques now include video surveillance and such devices as the eye movement recorder. 如今, 现代技术包括视频监视和一些诸如眼动记录仪之类的设备。

-n.器械，装置；手段

【例句】

1. I don't bring computers, cell phone or any other electronic device there, so in this undisturbed and unplugged environment, I can read a novel in just two days. And my life always gets refreshed and enriched and meaningful again after I come back from the seaside cabin.我不带电脑、手机或其他任何电子设备，所以在这种不受干扰和没有电子设备的环境中,我可以在短短两天内读完 一部小说。从海边小屋回来之后，我的生活总会重新变得新鲜、丰富而有 意义。

2. A wide range of pollution control devices are in place at most modern mines. 大多数的现代矿井都配备了各种污染控制设备。

822- discretion

n.谨慎, 慎重; 明智

【例句】The service that banks offer you will depend on your personal circumstances and the discretion of the bank manager. 银行向你提供的服务取决于你个人的情况和银行经理的决定。

823- draw

n.平局 v.拉; 画; 汲取; 提取; 引出; 靠近

【搭配】draw in(火车、汽车)到站; draw on 动用, 利用; 吸（烟）; draw up 写出, 画出; 草拟; 制定

【例句】The target of the conference was to draw up a survey checklist. 这次会议的目标是制定调查清单。

824- duplicate

v.复制; 重复a. 复制的; 二重的

【同】replicate

【搭配】duplicate file 复制文件; in duplicate 一式两份; duplicate copy 副本

【例句】Not merely duplicating the physical characteristic of the organization, but also duplicating the skills that the original employees had.不仅仅是复制那个机构的硬件特征, 而且要复制其最初的那些员工所具备的技能。

825- electronic

a.电子的

【例句】Computers make up the so-called electronic media. 所谓的电子媒体是由计算机构成的。

a.电子的

【搭配】 electronic mail 电子邮件；electronic mailbox 电子邮箱

【例句】 Students who want to enter the stadium need more than just a conventional ID card—their identities must be authenticated by an electronic hand scanner.学生想要进入该体育场，不仅需要常规的身份证，还必须通过电子手持扫描仪来验证身份。---

-a.电子的

【例句】

1. I am acquainted with TV and the Internet. Compared with printed media like magazines and newspapers, I prefer electronic media.我对电视和互联网非常 了解。与杂志和报纸等纸媒相比，我更喜欢电子媒体。

2. Now, more and more schools have been equipped with electronic devices, such as computers and projectors.现在，越来越多的学校配备了电子设备，如电脑和投影仪。

826- eligible

a.有条件被选中的, 有资格的; （尤指婚姻等）合适的, 合意的

【搭配】be eligible to 有资格做...

【例句】The old professor is eligible for retirement. 那位老教授符合退休条件。

827- embark

v.(使)上船（或飞机、汽车等） 英式发音?

【同】get on 美式发音?

【搭配】embark on/upon从事, 着手, 开始工作

【例句】My advice would be to get information collecting done before you embark upon the research. 我的建议是要在开始研究前做完信息收集工作。

v.(使)上船或飞机；（使）从事

【搭配】embark on/upon从事，着手，开始工作

【例句】

1. This book will provide a detailed examination of the Little Ice Age and other climatic shifts, but, before I embark on that, let me provide a historical context.本书将详细讲述小冰河期及其他气候变化的研究，但是在开始之前，请允许我介绍一下相关的历史背景。

2. Without hesitation Alexander embarked on his new career as a musician.亚历山大毫不犹豫地开始了新的职业，做一名音乐家。

【同义】board(v. 上船、飞机等)

【反义】 disembark(v. 使...上岸，着陆)

【派生】 embarkation(n.乘坐，登机)---

-v.(使)上船或飞机；（使）从事

【搭配】embark on/upon从事，着手；开始工作

【例句】

1. I thought it was high time I embarked on a long trip to experience the world and various people. 我认为那是我开始长途旅行去体验世界和了解各地人们的好时机。

2. Without hesitation Alexander embarked on his new career as a musician.亚历山大毫不犹豫地从事起新的职业——当一名音乐家。

【同义】board(v.上船、飞机等)

【反义】 disembark(v.使上岸，使登陆)

828- employ

n./v.雇用; 使用

【例句】Actually, the person did not do the work himself but rather asked a young Scotsman in his employ to design the equipment. 事实上, 那个人自己没有做这项工作, 而是雇了一个苏格兰年轻人设计该设备。

【要点】在雅思听力考试中常会听到lay off这个短语, 它是employ的反义词, 意思是"解雇", 口语中还可以用fire, 正式一点就可以用dismiss。

829- employment

n.雇用; 使用; 工作, 职业 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【例句】By the nineteenth century London had been the busiest port in the world, and this became the main source of employment in the East End. 到19世纪伦敦已成为世界上最繁忙的港口, 而东区因此成为了提供就业机会的主要区域。

【要点】我们常说的就业率就是employment rate, 而失业率则是 unemployment rate。

-n.使用；职业；雇用

【例句】

1. The improvement of employment situations in rural areas will remarkably help attract some intellectuals and narrow the gap between rural and urban areas.农村就业状况的改善将非常利于吸引一些知识分子，并缩小城乡差距。

2. For another thing, the development of the automobile has brought plenty of infant industries, giving people countless employment opportunities.另一方面，汽车的发展带动开发了很多新兴产业，为人们提供了大量就业机会。

188要点在口语表达中，employment一词常常用在有关"求职就业"的话题中，常 用搭配有：employment history(工作经历)，temporary employment(临时 工作)，employment pressure(就业压力)，employment rate(就业率)，problems of employment(就业问题)，out of employment(失业)。

830- enhance

v.提高, 增强 英式发音?

【搭配】enhance one's confidence 增强信心

【例句】The organization provides a range of opportunities for graduating students to enhance their skills. 该组织向应届毕业生提供一系列的机会来强化他们的 技能。

v.提高，增强

【搭配】 enhance one's reputation 提高声誉；enhance one's confidence 增强信心；enhance the ability 提高能力

【例句】

1. Not only would this save energy and cut carbon dioxide emissions, it would also enhance the quality of community life, putting the emphasis on people instead of cars.这不仅会节约能源并减少二氧化碳的排放量，也会提高社区生活质量，以人为本，而不是汽车。

2. Organisations provide a range of opportunities for women to enhance their skills.一些组织为妇女提供大量提高自己技能的机会。

-v.提高，增强

【搭配】enhance one's reputation 提高声誉; enhance one's confidence 增强信 心; enhance the ability提高能力

【例句】

1. A major reason for students to take part-time jobs at college is to enhance the opportunities to get good employment after graduation.学生在大学里从事兼职 工作的一个主要原因是增加毕业后找到好工作的机会。

2. Some organisations provide a range of opportunities for women to enhance their skills.一些组织为女性提供了各种机会来提高她们的技能。

831- enterprise

n.事业, 企（事）业单位; 事业心, 进取心

【搭配】a backbone enterprise 骨干企业

【例句】Fortunately in October 2001 we won an Enterprise Award which helped us enormously. 2001年10月, 我们幸运地获得了企业奖, 这对我们的帮助非常大。

【要点】企业分为国有企业(public enterprise)、私营企业(private enterprise)和合资企业(joint venture)。一个好的企业要有自己的企业文化(enterprise culture).

n.公司；事业

【例句】

1. Participants in this enterprise were provided with bicycles, which they used to deliver parcels and messages.加入该公司的人都会得到一辆自行车，用来递送包裹和信件。

2. The land can be contained as part of the enterprise's assets.这块土地可算做该公司的部分资产。

【派生】 enterprising(a.有事业心的)

832- enthusiastic

a.满腔热情的, 热心的

【同】passionate

【搭配】enthusiastic applause 热烈的掌声; enthusiastic reception热诚的接待

【例句】There're many exercises that we do to help the students feel positive and enthusiastic about their study. 我们开展很多训练来帮助学生们建立对学习积极热情的态度。

833- entitle

v.给以权利（或资格）; 给...以称号; 给...题名

【同】be entitled to→have right to

【搭配】be entitled to 有权..., 有资格...

【例句】As a member of the museum, you would be entitled to have free tickets. 如果你是博物馆的会员, 将有权获得免费票。

v.给...权利（或资格）；给（书、文章等）题名

【搭配】 be entitled to.有权...，有资格...

【例句】

1. In 1997, the World Wide Fund for Nature issued a press release entitled: "Two thirds of the world's forests lost forever”. 1997年，世界自然基金会发布了一篇新闻，题为《世界上2/3的森林永远消失了》。

2. Eight years later, a series of world conferences took place, entitled"The Breeding of Endangered Species", and from then on conservation became the zoo community's buzzword. 八年之后，一系列以“濒危物种繁殖”为题的世界会议召开了，自此以后，“保护”成了动物园界的流行词。

3. As a member of the museum you would be entitled to use the members' lounge for refreshments.作为博物馆的会员，你有权在会员休息室内休息。

【派生】 entitlement(n.权利)

-v.给予...权利或资格；给（书、文章等）题名

【搭配】be entitled to 有权...，有资格...

【例句】

1. There will be a personal membership fee and family membership fee which is quite a bargain. Then the members will be entitled to enjoy the refreshments in the member's lounge. 这里将会有个人会费和家庭成员会费，很划算。会员可以在会员休息室里享用点心。

2. As a member of the museum you would be entitled to use the members' lounge for rest and to enjoy refreshments.作为博物馆的会员，你可以在会员休息室内休息，并享用点心。

834- exert

v.施加, 运用

【同】utilize

【搭配】exert an influence on 对...施加影响; exert pressure 施加压力; exert on施加于

【例句】The manager exerted all his authority to make the committee accept the plan.经理运用他所有的权力, 使委员会接受了该计划。

v.运用，发挥；施以影响

【例句】They are working with the same group of 3,000 women, to try to find out whether reading mothers make better use of hospitals and clinics, opt for smaller families, exert more control at home, learn modern childcare techniques more quickly, or whether they merely have more respect for themselves and their children.他们与同组的3000名女性一起工作，试图发现是否识字的母亲们能更好地利用医院和诊所，选择组建小家庭，在家中的控制权更大，以及学习现代育儿方法的速度更快，或者她们是否仅仅是更加尊重自己和她们的孩子。

-v.运用，发挥；施以影响

【搭配】exert a good/bad influence on 对...施以好的/坏的影响；exert pressure on 给...施以压力

【例句】 For a time in the past, there were many different kinds of advertisements on TV and the radio, but due to lack of appropriate management and supervision, there existed a lot of misleading or unhealthy advertisements, which exerted a negative influence on the general public.在过去的一段时间里，电视和收音机里播放了很多广告；但由于缺乏适当的管理和监督，存在很多误导性的或不健康 的广告，这对公众造成了不利影响。

【同义】employ(v.运用)

835- foyer

n.门厅, 休息室

【同】hall; lobby

【搭配】entrance foyer 进口门厅

【例句】Meeting someone in the foyer at 7 o'clock is expected by the manager. 经理期待着七点钟的时候在门厅约见某人。

836- factor

n.因素, 要素

【搭配】the key factor 关键因素; internal/external factor内在/外在因素

【例句】The final result of the negotiation will depend on factors of many aspects. 谈判的最终结果将取决于多方面的因素。

837- frustrating

a.令人泄气的, 使人沮丧的 英式发音? 美式发音?

【要点】注意英音和美音的重音位置不同

【例句】I find it frustrating to have so few teaching resources. 我发现教学资源是如此之少, 这真令人沮丧。

838- faith

n.信任, 信用; 信仰, 信条

【同】belief; confidence

【搭配】have faith in 信任, 相信...; lose faith in 不信任..., 不相信. ; religious faith 宗教信条

【例句】People have to have the faith in each other's ability to carry out the task their boss set them. 大家必须相互信赖对方有能力完成老板分配下来的任务。

839- feasible

a.可能的, 可行的

【同】viable

【搭配】feasible suggestion可行的建议

【例句】Some of your ideas may not be feasible in our company. 你的一些想法在咱们公司也许并不可行。

a.可行的，可能的

【搭配】 feasible plan 可行的计划；feasible suggestion 可行的建议

【例句】

1. This was just about feasible at the moment, when centenarians were still comparatively rare, but it will not be the case for much longer.这种方式在当时是可行的，因为那时候的百岁老人还比较罕见，不过在更远的将来就没这回事了。

2. Better integration of transport systems is made more feasible by modern computers.现代计算机的应用使得交通系统得到更好的统筹。

840- flexible

a.柔韧的, 易弯曲的; 灵活的

【搭配】a flexible schedule可变通的日程表; flexible working hours 弹性工作时间

【例句】You could do your research in eighteen months if you wanted-or longer; it's quite flexible and it would be up to you. 如果你想的话, 可以用18个月或者更长的时间来做这个研究。时间上很灵活, 这取决于你自己。

【要点】在一些企业, 总经理(general manager)可以根据工作量(workload)采取弹性 工作时间(flexible working hours/time), 员工(employee)可以填写申请表来 加班(work overtime)或上夜班(night shift)。

a.易弯曲的；柔韧的；灵活的

【搭配】a flexible schedule 可变通的日程表；flexible working hours 弹性工作时间

【例句】

1. A flexible fair duty roster is very useful. Where possible, staff were given the opportunity to determine their working schedule within the limits of clinical needs.弹性公平的值班时间表很有用。在可能的情况下，员工有机会在临床需求的范围内决定他们的工作安排。

2. Many children may choose entrepreneurship because it allows them a degree of independence, and is flexible enough to allow them to take part in other activities such as education and domestic tasks.许多孩子可能选择创业，因为创业会使他们获得一定程度上的独立，而且足够灵活，可以允许他们参加其他活动，比如接受教育和做家务。

3. Cars easily surpassed trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of personal transport.汽车很容易地超越了火车和巴士，成为一种灵活、便利的个人交通工具。

-a.易弯曲的；柔韧的；灵活的

【搭配】a flexible schedule灵活的日程安排；flexible working hours 弹性工作时间

【例句】

1. The plan is quite flexible to carry out. 这个计划执行起来十分灵活。

2. Cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of

145personal transport.作为个人交通工具，汽车灵活、便利，比火车和公共汽 车好。 flexibility(n.灵活性) inflexible(a.不可弯曲的)

841- grant

n.授予物; 补助金; 拨款 英式发音? v.同意, 准予; 给予, 授予 美式发音?

【搭配】take...for granted 想当然, 认为理所当然; grant a request 答应请求

【例句】I feel that my grant is insufficient to see me through the difficulty. 我觉得奖学金不足以帮我渡过难关。

-n. 赠予物 -v.授予；同意；承认

【搭配】take for granted认为 理所当然; grant a request答应请求; student grants 学生助学金【例句】

1. Some of the young teachers are totally astounded when they see how fast grant or startup money works because they have not considered the costs.有些年轻教师看到拨款或启动资金是如何迅速运作时,他们完全震惊了,因为 他们还没有考虑过成本。

2. The loan is intended to supplement the grant for studying costs. 我打算用这d一贷款来贴补学习开支。

842- hand

n.手; 指针; 人手, 职工, 船员 v.交给, 传递

【搭配】at hand 在手边, 在附近, 即将到来; by hand 用手; hand down 流传下来, 传给, 往下传; hand out分发

【例句】Anne will hand out application forms tomorrow. 安妮明天会发申请表。

【要点】在雅思听力考试中常会听到second hand, 意思是"二手的", 注意吞音现象。

843- individual

a.个人的, 单独的; 独特的 n.个人, 个体

【同】distinctive

【搭配】individual effort个人努力; individual interest个人利益

【例句】The subscription fee is E 100 a year for a company, and 50 for an individual, with no discount for students, I'm afraid. 订阅费是公司100镑一年, 个人50镑, 学生没有优惠。

-a.个别的；个人的；独特的 n个人

【搭配】food served in individual portions 按一人一份儿供给的食物；an individual effort 个人的努力；an individual style of dress 个人的衣着风 格；the rights of an individual 个人权利

【例句】

1. Each floor has hundreds of desks, ten group study rooms and a photocopy room, which provide us the convenience of doing individual research or team works.每层楼都有几百张课桌、十个小组研究室和一个复印室，方便我们 进行个人研究或团队工作。

2. Each of us is an individual and independent of the others.我们每一个人都是独立于他人的单独的个体。

3. The number is your individual room number.这个号码是你单人房的门牌号。

【反义】 collective(a.集体的)

844- humid

a.湿的, 潮湿的, 湿润的

【同】damp

【搭配】humid air 潮湿的空气; humid atmosphere 潮湿的大气; humid climate 湿润的气候

【例句】Summers in that city are extremely humid. 那个城市的夏天非常潮湿闷热。

【要点】英语中有很多词汇表示"潮湿、湿润"：soaked, drenched表示"湿透了", damp, moist 表示"有一点潮湿", soggy 表示"湿软的", humid, damp, muggy表示"空气潮湿"

-a.潮湿的，湿润的

【例句】The primary difference between Shenyang and Hong Kong is the climate. For example, Hong Kong has a tropical climate; that is to say, it is very hot and humid there.沈阳和香港最主要的区别是气候。例如，香港是热带气候，也 就是说那里的气候炎热、潮湿。

845- instrument

n.工具, 仪器, 器械; 乐器 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】strategic instruments 战略工具; measuring instruments 测量工具

【例句】The student's musical instruments were lost and he never got to play at the concert. 那位学生的乐器丢了, 所以他没能在音乐会上演出。

846- insufficient

a.不足的, 不够的 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】insufficient for 不够做..., 不能胜任...

【例句】The funds for starting a small business were insufficient. 创办一家小型企业的资金不足够。

847- insurance

n.保险, 保险费, 保险业

【搭配】unemployment insurance 失业保险; accident insurance 意外保险; life insurance人寿保险

【例句】Would you like to receive information about the bank's other services-insurance, loans, anything like that. 你想收到银行其他服务的相关信息吗？如保险、贷款之类的。

848- intent

a.专心的, 专注的; 急切的 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.意图, 目的

【例句】The vacuum flask contains no glass and is therefore unbreakable to all intents and purposes. 这个真空烧瓶不含玻璃, 因此在任何情况下都不会破。

【要点】intent常和介词on【搭配】, 意思是"对...专心、专注", 注意连读。

849- intern

n.实习生 名词发音? v.拘禁, 软禁 动词发音?

【例句】Helen worked as an intern in that enterprise last year. 海伦去年在那家企业实习。

850- internship

n.实习生身份

【例句】During internship, John came into contact with society. 实习期间, 约翰开始接触社会。

-n.实习岗位；实习期

【例句】

1. I got my internship last summer in a magazine office.去年我在一家杂志社 得到了实习的机会。

2. As part of her internship, she hopes to demonstrate that the businesses responsible for its employees can also make money.作为实习的一部分，她希望能证明对员工负责任的企业也可以赚到钱。 在口语考试环节，考官经常会问到考生的实习经历，考生在描述自己的 实习过程中常用到的表达有internship programs(实习计划)，internship report(实习报告)。

851- interview

v./n.接见, 会见; 采访; 面试

【搭配】personal interview 私人会晤; have an interview with sb. 会见某人; job interview 求职面试; group interview小组访谈

【例句】We wil talk about how applicants put through a short interview. 我们将讨论求职者如何成功进行短时间面试。

852- material

a.物质的, 实体的 n.材料, 原料, 资料

【搭配】raw materials 原材料; recycled materials 可回收材料

【例句】The reading material is on the desk. 阅读材料在课桌上。

【要点】material既是可数名词, 又是不可数名词, 在雅思听力考试中一定要仔细辨别该词所表达的意思。

853- keen

a.锋利的; 敏锐的, 敏捷的; 热心的, 渴望的

【搭配】be keen on 渴望, 喜欢, 热衷于; a man of keen perception 知觉敏锐的人

【例句】I don't want to quit my job and my employers are keen on me. 我不想辞职, 并且老板也很喜欢我。

854- manipulate

v.应付, 处理; 操纵, 控制; 影响

【例句】Space management is now a highly sophisticated method of manipulating the way we shop to ensure the maximum profit. 现在, 空间管理是一种高度复杂的方法, 这种方法通过操控我们购物的方式来确保最大的利润。

v.影响；操作，使用

【例句】

1. The history of human civilization is entwined with the history of the ways we have learned to manipulate water resources.人类文明史与人类学习利用水资源的历史紧密相连。

2. Once inside a bank's network, the hackers can communicate directly with computers holding account information and manipulate funds.一旦黑客进入某家银行的网络，他们就可以直接连通持有账户信息的计算机，并控制账户资金。

3. The film is complicated to manipulate.这种胶卷用起来很复杂。

【同义】 handle(v.操作，操纵)

【派生】 manipulation(n.操纵)；manipulative(a.控制的)

v.影响；操作，使用

【例句】

1. They illustrate the importance of understanding the lifecycle -backwards, forwards, and inside out -so that you can manipulate it when you need to.它们体现了充分理解生命周期的重要性——向后、向前或由内向外，这样就可以在需要的时候操纵它了。

2. The film was complicated to manipulate.这种胶卷用起来很复杂。

【同义】handle(v.操作，操纵)；maneuver(v.操纵)

855- manual

a.手的, 手工做的, 体力的 n.手册, 指南

【搭配】manual worker 手工劳动者; manual labour 体力劳动; manual instruction使用手册, 操作手册

【例句】You should read the manual instruction carefully before fixing the projector. 安装投影仪前你应该仔细阅读使用手册。

856- occupation

n.占领, 占据; 占用; 职业, 工作

【同】job; profession; work

【搭配】a regular occupation固定职业

【例句】A: What's your occupation?

B: Well, I'm in Britain as a project manager.

A: 你做什么工作？

B: 哦, 我在英国做项目经理。

-n.占领；职业

【搭配】a regular occupation 固定职业

【例句】

1. For example, the Japanese army invaded the city and committed many atrocities during the occupation.比如，日本军队入侵该城市，在占领期间，犯下许多残暴的罪行。

2. Various professions and occupations often interchange their jargons.不同的行业之间经常交换各自的行业术语。

【要点】employment是正式的公文用词，指可获报酬的工作；occupation和job指有报酬的某种工作，occupation比较正式，还可指不一定有固定收入的工作；profession指需要受过较高教育和专门训练才能从事的职业；trade指需要受过训练具备某些技能的职业。

857- pension

n.养老金; 抚恤金; 津贴; 年金

【搭配】live on a pension 靠养老金/抚恤金生活

【例句】People in their early twenties need to think about pensions. 人们在20岁出头时就需要考虑养老金问题。

【要点】表示退休金、养老金的短语有old age pension, retirement pension。

-n.养老金，抚恤金

【搭配】live on a pension 靠退休金/抚恤金生活

【例句】

1. It is the company's responsibility to provide enough pensions for the retired people.给退休人员发放足够的退休金是公司的责任。

2. Even hourly employees receive benefits-such as pension contributions and medical insurance-that are not tied to the number of hours they work.即便是小时工也享受养老金和医疗保险等福利,这些和他们工作的时间没有关系。

858- perform

v.履行, 执行; 做, 完成; 表演, 演出

【同】play

【搭配】perform on 演奏

【例句】Teachers should perform their duties. 老师应该履行自己的职责。

-v.做，履行；表演

【搭配】perform on 演奏

【例句】

1. When the traffic accident happened, I was on my way to the cinema to watch the movie which was performed by Andy Lau.当车祸发生时，我正在去电影院的路上，打算去看刘德华出演的电影。

2. Why did the divers perform less well in colder conditions?为什么潜水者在较冷的条件下表现稍差些呢？

859- plate

n.金属板, 片; 盘子, 盆子; 板, 钢板 v.镀, 电镀

【例句】Jack had a plate of chicken for supper. 杰克晚餐吃了一盘鸡肉。

【要点】复数为plates, 注意复数发音连读; 雅思考试中常考"图板"这个义项, 是讲印刷流程的。

860- practical

a.实际的, 实用的; 实践的

【搭配】practical experience 实践经验; practical value实用价值; practical material 实用材料

【例句】The new invention was very practical. 这项新发明很实用。

861- precision

n.精确（性）, 精密（度）

【搭配】precision instrument精密仪器

【例句】The manufacturers exercise much attention and precision in producing their printers. 制造商在打印机生产上很认真, 并且精益求精。

862- part-time

863- privacy

n.个人自由; 私事, 隐私 英式发音? 美式发音?

【例句】Parents have no rights to intrude their children's privacy. 父母无权侵犯孩子的隐私。

864- privilege

n.特权, 优惠, 特许

【例句】Education should not be a privilege for children from rich families. 教育不应该是有钱人家孩子的特权。

-n.特权；优惠

【搭配】live a life of luxury and privilege 过着养尊处优的生活；legal privileges合法特权

【例句】

1. Some feel that children of wealthy families, living a life of luxury and privilege, are less fit to deal with difficulties posed by the "real world"when they grow up. 有些人认为，出生于富裕家庭、过着养尊处优生活的孩子在长大后，不太能应对现实生活中出现的困难。

2. Air travel, once a privilege of the wealthy, has been gaining popularity worldwide over the last few decades.近几十年来，乘飞机旅行这种原先是富人才能享受的旅行方式，已在全世界得到普及。

3. Education is not a privilege of some people but a right of al the citizens.受教育不是某些人的特权，而是所有公民的权利。

【派生】 privileged(a.享有特权的)

865- probation

n.缓刑（期）; 试用（期）

【例句】I was just a servant who was on probation.我只是一个处于试用期的雇员。

866- professional

a.职业的, 专业的, 专门的 n.专业人员

【搭配】professional football职业足球赛; professional knowledge专业知识

【例句】Sports psychologists spent a lot of time with professional athletes. 运动心理学家花大量的时间和专业运动员在一起。

-a.职业的；专业的 -n.专业人员

【搭配】professional football 职业足球赛；professional knowledge 专业知识；professional advice专业建议

【例句】

1. Those who feel that sports stars' salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent is very small, and the money is an identification of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful.那些认为体育明星的工资合理的人可能会这样辩解：真正有才能的专业人士的 数量很少，而钱是对个人成功所需技能和所做奉献的认同。

2. Sports psychologists spend time with professional athletes helping them approach competition with a positive mental attitude.运动心理学家花时间帮助职业运动员用一种积极的心态去面对竞赛。

【反义】amateur(n.外行)；unprofessional(a.违反职业准则的)

867- project

n.方案, 计划; 工程, 项目 名词发音? v.投射, 放映; （使）凸出, （使）伸出; 设计, 规划 动词发音? -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】draw up a project 制订方案; carry out a project 执行方案

【例句】The problem was people couldn't project the film onto a screen.问题是人们无法在屏幕上放映电影。

868- promote

v.促进, 发扬; 提升, 提拔; 增进, 助长; 宣传

【搭配】promote mutual understanding 促进相互理解; promote the sale of sth. 促销

【例句】The advertisement wil help promote the new product. 广告将有助于宣传新产品。

-v.促进；提升；促销

【搭配】promote mutual understanding 促进相互理解；promote the sale of sth. 促销；promote cultural communication 增进文化交流

【例句】

1. The explosion in the sheer number of salespeople in the field-and the amount of funding used to promote their causes -forces close examination of the pressures, influences and relationships between drug representatives and doctors.医药领域销售人员的数量呈爆炸式增长，而且用于促进他们事业 发展的资金迅速增加,都促使我们要仔细审查医药代表和医生间的相互压 力、影响及关系。

2. Quite often, governments try to kill off a minority language by banning its use in public or discouraging its use in schools, all to promote national unity.为促进民族团结，政府常试图通过禁止在公共场合或学校使用某种少数名族语言 来消灭这种语言。

3. To date, various research methods have been used to help promote the sales of supermarket products.至今为止，人们已采用各种研究方法来帮助超市促销 商品。

【同义】 encourage(v.鼓励)；support(v.支持)；publicize(v.宣传)

【派生】prompter(n.发起人，倡导者)；promotion(n.晋级；促进)；promotional(a.推销的，宣传的)

-v.促进；提升；促销 配promote mutual understanding 促进相互理解；promote the sale of sth.搭配 促销；promote cultural communication 增进文化交流

【例句】

1. Advertisers do everything based on the needs of people, but the advertisements can also promote, exploit or even produce the needs of people.广告商做任何事都 建立在人们的需求上，但是广告也能够促进、开发甚至创造人们的需求。

2. If I keep up the good performance in work that I am doing, I will be possibly promoted in two years and so become the head of a department.如果能保持像现在这样好的工作绩效，我两年之内就有可能升职，从而成为一个部门的 领导。

3. To date, various research methods have been used to help promote the sales of supermarket products.迄今为止，各种各样的调研方法已被用来帮助促销超 市商品。

869- promotion

n.提升, 晋级; 促进, 增进; 发起, 创建; 宣传, 推销

【例句】Would you be willing to attend any of special promotions for the new channel? 你愿意参加新频道的任何特别宣传活动吗？

【要点】大型的百货商店(department store)或超市(supermarket/hypermarket)在法定 节假日(official holiday)常做促销(sales promotion)以吸引消费者, 如遇到产品质量问题, 可以找消协(consumer association)。

-n.提升，晋升；促销；促进

【搭配】gain promotion 获得晋级；promotion prospects 晋升的可能性

【例句】

1. I would not hesitate for one moment if I could obtain a promotion by changing jobs.如果我能通过跳槽获得晋升，我将会毫不犹豫地换工作。

2. Lastly, the only possible change that would affect me is whether I will receive a promotion.最后，唯一可能影响我的变化就是我是否能得到晋升。

【派生】promotional(a.推销的)

【同义】encouragement(n.鼓励)

870- range

n.范围, 领域; 排列, 连续; （山）脉; 炉灶 v.排列成行

【搭配】range over 范围包括...; range between 范围在...与...之间; a wide range of 范围广的, 多方面的, 一大片; a range of 一排, 一行, 一系列; range from延伸; （在一定程度或范围内）变动, 变化

【例句】We'd like to produce the equipment with a range of sizes. 我们想生产大小规格不同的一系列设备。

871- rate

n.速率, 比率; 等级; 价格, 费用 v.估价; 评级, 评价

【搭配】at any rate 无论如何, 至少; at the rate of 以...速度; interest rate 利率; drop-out rate辍学率

【例句】The unemployment rate is falling in the city. 该城市的失业率正在下降。

872- reasonable

a.合理的, 有道理的; 适度的; 通情达理的

【同】fair

【例句】I think you'll find the methods very reasonable. 我认为你会觉得这些方法很合理。

-a.合理的，公道的；通情达理的

【例句】

1. Do you think it is reasonable for TV stars having a very high income?你认为电视明星拥有很高收入合理吗?

2. It seems reasonable to expect rapid growth of our country, because we all believe it is going to happen.期盼我们国家飞速发展似乎是合情合理的，因为我们都相信这是可能实现的。 同 rational(a.理性的，理智的)

873- receptionist

n.接待员 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【例句】The patient goes to a receptionist and asks her about his condition.病人向接待员询问自己的情况。

874- qualification

n.资格, 合格; 技能; 限制, 条件; 合格证书

【搭配】qualification test资格考试; minimum qualification 最低资格限制

【例句】You can select someone-even a friend-who has all the qualifications, degrees and certificates. 你可以挑选有资格、有学位和有证书的任何人, 甚至可以是朋友。

【要点】qualification这个词在听力中经常出现, 单词比较长, 注意拼写。

n.资格；条件；限制；赋予资格

【搭配】 qualification test 资格考试；minimum qualification 最低资格

【例句】 Choosing the right person for the job involves more than identifying the essential range of skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job.为工作挑选合适的人员不只是包括鉴别一系列基本技能以及完成工作所必需的教育资历和职业资格。

-n. 资格；条件，限制；赋予资格

【搭配】qualification test资格考试; minimum qualification最低资格

【例句】 I think I have the qualifications of an accountant as I am a careful and organized person. Moreover, I like making everything in my life go in order, and accounting is fit in this point.我认为我有当会计的条件,因为我是一个仔细且有条理的 人。另外,我喜欢生活中的所有事都井然有序,而会计工作正符合这一点。

875- reconfigure

v.重新配置, 重新装配

【例句】You may need to reconfigure a computer to accept a new peripheral. 你可能要重新配置一台电脑以接受新的外部设备。

876- recruit

n.新兵, 新成员 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化 v.招募（新兵）, 招收（新成员）

【同】employ

【搭配】recruit method 招聘方法

【例句】You are among the two hundred staff recruited to look after the disabled. 你是被招聘来照顾残疾人的200名员工之一。

877- redundant

a.(因人员过剩而)被解雇的; 多余的, 过剩的; 累赘的, 冗长的; -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【例句】Jill was unlucky to be made redundant from her job. 吉尔不幸被解雇。

878- remind

v.提醒, 使想起

【同】bring back

【搭配】remind sb. of sth. 提醒, 使想起

【例句】The museum's design with nautical flavour reminded us of the happy time we had by the sea. 这家博物馆具有海洋风情的设计使我们想起了在海边度过的欢乐时光。

-v.提醒，使记起

【搭配】remind sb. of sth.使某人回想起某事

【例句】

1. It reminds me of the happy time I had with my mom in my childhood; it also reminds me of what my mom always told me: fly up high and reach the sky.它让我想起了小时候和妈妈在一起的快乐时光，也让我记起了妈妈常对我讲 的话：展翅高飞，冲上云端。

2. The friendship between Harry Potter and his friends impressed me a lot and reminded me that friends are important.哈利...波特和他的朋友的深厚友谊给我留下了深刻印象，也提醒了我朋友很重要。

3. The notice reminds students that if they park a motor vehicle on university premises without a valid permit, they will be fined.这个通知提醒学生：如未经允许在校内停放机动车，会被罚款。

【同义】prompt(v.唤起)

879- reputation

n.名气, 名誉, 声望

【同】fame

【搭配】have a reputation for 因...而闻名; ruin reputation 损毁名声; live up to its reputation 与其名声相符

【例句】Sharks have a reputation for being very dangerous creatures capable of injuring or killing humans. 鲨鱼因其能够伤人甚至杀人的高危险度而闻名。

n.名誉，名声

【搭配】have a reputation for 因...而闻名；ruin reputation 砸名声；live up to its reputation 与其名气相符

【例句】

1. It is unfair and nonsensical to attack the FSA's scientific reputation and to try to destroy its credibility.攻击英国金融服务管理局的科学声誉，并试图破坏其信誉是不正当的，也是极为荒谬的。

2. The college has already established a national reputation for its excellence.该校凭借其卓越之处已经享誉全国。

-n.名誉，名声

【搭配】have a reputation for 因...而闻名；ruin sb's reputation 砸名声；live up to its reputation 与其名气相符

【例句】

1. The West Brook has a reputation for its natural swamps and a great variety off lora.西布鲁克以其自然湿地和多样的植物种群而闻名。

2. The college has already established a national reputation for its excellence.该校凭借自己的卓越之处已经享誉全国。

880- responsibility

n.责任, 责任心; 职责, 义务

【搭配】perform one's responsibilities 履行或行使职责; assume the responsibility承担责任

【例句】The company needs a sales manager with responsibility for the North American market. 该公司需要一位负责北美市场的销售经理。

-n.责任，职责；义务

【例句】

1. Since pollution is the problem of the whole world, every individual should take up his/her responsibility so as to solve it.污染是一个世界性问题，每个 人都应该承担起自己的责任去解决这个问题。

2. Poor countries are not able to take as many responsibilities as rich countries do, so rich countries should not refuse to make contributions at such excuse that poor countries take less responsibility.贫穷的国家没有能力和富裕国家承担 同样的责任，所以富有的国家不应该以贫穷国家承担责任少这样的借口而 拒绝作出努力。

881- session

n.会议, 一届会议; 学期; 一段时间

【搭配】a special session 特别会议; in session 正在开会

【例句】Linda is going to attend the summer session.琳达打算参加暑期班。

【要点】session 在雅思听力考试中常作"学期, 学习班"之意。

n.会议；研讨会；学期

【搭配】 special session 特别会议；in session 正在开会；training session 培训课程

【例句】

1. After the session, there is a follow-up class, to stimulate the students to recall the material presented.会议结束后有一堂后续的课，以激发学生们回忆会上所出现的资料。

2. Linguists often make use of structured sessions, in which they systematically ask their informants for utterances that describe certain actions, objects or behaviours.语言学家经常采用结构化的研讨会，在会上他们系统地要求语言资料提供者口头描述某些动作、目标及行为。

3. What I'd like to do in this session is to give you the opportunity to ask questions on how to write the dissertation.这次会上我将给你们机会，你们可以就如何写学位论文进行提问。

【要点】session一般指比较正式的会议或其会期，如国会会议等，还可以表示学年或学期。

168 setting

882- shift

n.转移; 转换, 转变; （轮）班, （换）班 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化 v.替换, 转移; 移动

【例句】The sudden weight shift caused the truck to turn over. 卡车突然失重导致翻车。

【要点】"夜班"在英语中就是 night shift。

n./v.移动；改变，变化；（轮或换）班

【例句】

1. This book will provide a detailed analysis of the Little Ice Age and other climatic shifts, but, before I start on that, let me provide a historical context.本书将详细分析小冰河期及其他气候变化，但在我开始之前，请允许我介绍一下历史背景。

2. Fishermen protested, and the port was shifted a further five kilometres to the south.由于渔民的反对，港口又向南移了5公里。

【同义】change(v.改变，使...改变)；alter(v.改变)

883- stock

n.库存, 现货; 股票, 股份 v.储存

【搭配】laughing stock 笑柄; in stock 现有, 备有; out of stock 无现货的, 脱销的; stockholder 股东; stock market 股市

【例句】There is a lot of stock in the supermarket. 这家超市存货很多。

n.气流；汇票；草稿 a.汲出的；拖拉的 v.起草；征兵；选派

【例句】Ancient Chinese chariots were typically two wheeled vehicles drawn by two or four horses with a single draught pole measuring around 3 meters long that was originally straight but later evolved into two curved shafts.中国古代的战车是典型的由两匹或四匹马拖拉的两轮车，有一个大约三米长的牵引杆，起初都是笔直的，后来就变成了两个弯轴。

n.储备品；股票；家畜 a.常备的 v.储备

【例句】

1. From either of these modes you would then need to jump over to the"purchase a stock”workflow, which may be in an entirely different application.无论来自这些模式中的任何一种，然后你都要跳到“购买股票”的工作流程，此工作流程可能位于一款完全不同的应用程序中。

2. Fish stocks here began to decline in the 1950s in the south Scotland.在苏格兰南部，鱼类储量从20世纪50年代开始减少。

884- salary

n.薪金, 薪水

【例句】Henry earns his living with a basic salary plus commission.亨利靠基本工资加提成过活。

【要点】其他表示"薪水"的词有：wage, earnings。

885- responsible

a.应负责的, 有责任的; 可靠的, 可信赖的; 责任重大的, 重要的

【搭配】be responsible for 承担...的责任, 应负责的, 有责任的

【例句】An English duke was responsible for cultivating this kind of banana which was introduced into Australia later. 一位英国公爵负责培育这种香蕉, 这种香蕉后来被引进到澳大利亚。

a.有责任感的；可靠的

【搭配】be responsible for 承担...的责任，应负责的，有责任的

【例句】

1. It is believed that smoking is responsible for 30 per cent of all deaths from cancer and clearly represents the most important preventable cause of cancer in countries like the United States.有人认为，在因癌症导致的死亡中有30%是由抽烟引起的，并且在一些国家，像美国，抽烟是患癌症的可预防的首要原因。

2. One misconception of the pupils was that acid rain is responsible for rainforest destruction.学生们的一个误解就是酸雨对于雨林的破坏有责任。

【要点】在雅思考试阅读中，常用的短语是be responsible for“对...负责，是...的原因”，一些常见的固定【搭配】是responsible stakeholder“利益攸关者”和responsible officer“项目负责人”等。

886- staff

n.全体职工, 工作人员; 杠, 棒; 参谋部 英式发音? v.为...配备人员, 配备工作人员 美式发音?

【同】personnel

【搭配】office staff 办公室文员; teaching staff 教职工

【例句】The school master spoke on behalf of all the members of the staff in the university. 那位校长代表这所大学的所有员工讲话。

【要点】"一名员工"不能说 a staff, 要说 a member of staff或者 an employee, 并且注 意不要和stuff(材料)混淆。

-n.全体职工

【例句】If the new employees start work and don't get along well with other colleagues, the interviewers may have picked a loser in staff selection.如果新员工开始工作后和其他同事相处不好，那么面试官就可能挑选了不合适的人。

887- strike

v.冲, 撞; 罢工; （使）产生印象, 打动; 发现, 找到 n.罢工

【例句】Transport workers are on strike in Melbourne over a pay claim. 墨尔本的运输工人为索要工资而罢工。

-v.打；折磨 -n.罢工 【例句】

1. The stone struck me on the side of the head.石子打中了我头部的侧面。

2. It seems that the strike will spread to other provinces.看来罢工会蔓延到其 他省份。 这个单词作为"罢工"的词义十分常见，on strike就是"罢工"的意思，如：Staff at the organization went on strike in protest at the incidents.(这个组 织的员工举行罢工，抗议这些事件。)作为"打"的含义时，常见的短语 有air strike(空袭)，strike at(袭击；攻击；对...打击)。

888- supervise

v.管理, 监督

【例句】The training institution is supervised by local government. 这家培训机构受当地政府监督。

889- supply

n.供应, 供应量 v.供给, 供应; 满足（需要）, 补足

【同】provide

【搭配】supply sth. to sb. 为...提供...

【例句】We'll supply training courses to new employees. 我们将为新员工提供培训课。

890- suspicious

a.怀疑的

【同】distrustful; doubtful

【搭配】be suspicious of 怀疑; feel suspicious about怀疑

【例句】It might look a little suspicious if we arrived at the office too early. 如果我们太早到办公室, 看起来可能有一点可疑。

【要点】表示"态度"的相关词汇：
jealous 嫉妒的
indifferent 冷漠的
contrite 悔悟的
profane 亵渎的
desperate 绝望的

891- template

n.模板

【同】templet

【例句】If you need to write a lot of similar documents, setting up a template on your computer will save plenty of time. 如果你需要写大量相似的文件, 在你的计算机上建立一个模板会节省很多时间。

892- temporary

a.暂时的, 临时的

【同】short term

【搭配】temporary employment/work 临时工作

【例句】Anne works in the accounts department as a temporary worker. 安妮在出纳科做临时工。

a.暂时的

【搭配】 temporary employment 临时工作

【例句】

1. These are temporary; they will be removed when the airport is finished.这些是暂时的，机场建成后就会将它们移除。

2. There are two types of hibernation, namely "true"hibernation and torpor,or temporary hibernation.有两种冬眠形式，即“真正”的冬眠和蛰伏，或者叫做临时冬眠。

3. Coal mining makes only temporary use of the land and produces no toxic chemical wastes.煤矿开采只会暂时占地,且不会产生任何有毒的化学废弃物。

【同义】impermanent(a.临时的)

【反义】 permanent(a. 永久的)

893- undertake

v.承担, 担任; 许诺, 保证; 着手, 从事

【搭配】undertake responsibility承担责任

【例句】If you can undertake the task, we will be grateful. 如果你能承担这项任务, 我们将很感激。

v.承担；着手，采取

【搭配】 undertake responsibility 承担责任

【例句】

1. The problem may mean the crew of the space shuttle Discovery has to undertake a fourth spacewalk.出现这样的问题，可能意味着“发现者号”航天飞机的宇航员要进行第四次太空行走。

2. As more research is undertaken on the causes of left-handedness, attitudes towards left-handed people are gradually changing for the better.随着对左撇子成因的研究越来越多，人们对左撇子的态度也渐渐有所好转。

【派生】undertaking(n.任务；事业)

v.承担；着手，采取

【搭配】 undertake responsibility承担责任

【例句】

1. Most of the research on smell undertaken to date have been of physical scientific nature.迄今为止，在味觉方面所做的大部分研究都是对其物理学属性的研究。

2. As more research is undertaken on the causes of left-handedness, attitudes towards left-handed people are gradually changing for the better.随着对左撇子成因的研究增多，人们对左撇子的态度也逐渐有所好转。

【派生】undertaking(n.任务；事业)

894- uniform

n.制服 a.相【同】的, 一致的

【同】costume; identical

【搭配】in uniform 穿着制服

【例句】Traditionally uniforms were manufactured to protect the worker. 传统上生产制服的目的是保护工人。

【要点】相关词汇：
attire 服装
suit 套装
garb 服装

895- treasurer

n.司库; 出纳员, 财务主管

【例句】We have Gina Costello, she's the treasurer, and she will collect the fees from you for the year. 我们的财务主管吉娜...科斯特洛会向你们收取年费。

896- vacancy

n.(未被占用的)空余住处; 空处, 空位, 空缺; 无主意或智慧, 头脑空虚

【例句】We still have vacancies for editors but other positions have been filled. 我们的编辑名额尚有空缺, 但其他职位都满了。

【要点】vacancy后接介词 for, 注意听 for后面的内容。

897- vacant

a.未占用的, 空的; 茫然的, 空虚的 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【同】empty

【搭配】a vacant position 空缺职位; a vacant expression 茫然的表情; a vacant seat 空位

【例句】A vacant room is very difficult to find in this district during holidays. 在假日, 很难在这个区找到空房间。

898- vocational

a.职业的, 业务的

【同】occupational; professional

【例句】This is a vocational training institute. 这是一个职业培训机构。

899- vouch

v.担保, 保证

【同】guarantee

【搭配】vouch for 担保

【例句】I can vouch for his ability to work hard and be rich in innovation.我敢保证他是个工作努力且富有创新精神的人。

900- welfare

n.福利; 安宁, 幸福

【搭配】welfare state 福利国家; welfare benefits 福利待遇

【例句】The U. S. welfare system includes state aid and federal help. 美国的福利体系包括国家援助和联邦的帮助。

【要点】福利(welfare)的范围很广, 包括社会保障(social security)、养老金(old age pension)、社会保险(social insurance)等。

n.福利

【搭配】welfare work 福利事业；welfare state 福利国家；welfare benefits 福利 待遇

【例句】

1. The government needs to create sustainable, competitive and diverse farming sectors, which will contribute to a thriving and sustainable rural economy, and advance environmental, economic, health, and welfare goals.政府需要建立持久的、有竞争力的、多样的农业部门，促进农村经济繁荣持续发展，并推动环境、经济、健康和福利等向目标前进。

2. Sixteen American states now use new systems to check that people claiming welfare payments are genuine. In June, politicians in Toronto voted to do the same, with a pilot project beginning next year. 目前，美国的16个州用新系统来识别福利款项获得者的真假。6月,多伦多的政客们经投票表决也决定这样做，明年将进行试点工作。

3. The office deals with all matters related to student welfare.该办公室专门处理与学生福利相关的各种事情。

901- workshop

n.车间, 工场; 专题讨论会

【例句】I'm interested in the children's workshops and I'd like a little more information.我对儿童工厂感兴趣, 想多了解一点。

902- ## 8-描述篇

903- absolute

a.绝对的; 完全的

【同】complete; total

【搭配】absolute trust 绝对信任; absolute zero绝对零度

【例句】There is no absolute standard for beauty. 美没有绝对的标准。

904- account

n.账（目、户）; 叙述, 说明 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化 v.说明, 解释; （在数量、比例方面）占; 导致

【搭配】take...into account考虑; account for解释、说明（原因等）; （指数量等）占; on account of 因为, 由于; give sb. an account of 说明、解释（理由）; on any account 无论如何; on account 赊账; a first-hand account 第一手报道

【例句】I should start by emphasizing that agriculture still accounts for a very important part of this country's economy. 我应该在一开始就强调, 农业在该国经济中仍然占有重要的份额。

【要点】account在雅思听力考试中常出现在银行交易场景中, 与之相关的短语有：
bank/pass book 存折
open an account 开户
savings account 储蓄存款账户
current account 活期存款账户
check/cheque account 支票账户
deposit account 定期存款账户
monthly savings account
daily interest account 按天计息账户

905- acute

a.严重的, 激烈的; 敏锐的; 【病】急性的; 尖的, 锐的

【搭配】acute pain 剧痛; acute sense of smell 敏锐的嗅觉

【例句】Dogs have a very acute sense of smell. 狗有着非常敏锐的嗅觉。

-a.灵敏的；剧烈的，猛烈的

【搭配】 acute angle 锐角；acute pain 剧痛

【例句】

1. While it is true that the olfactory powers of humans are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals, they are still remarkably acute.虽然人类的嗅觉能力确实没有某些动物强，但还是异常灵敏的。

2. The old and ill are the most vulnerable to the acute effects of heavily polluted air.老人和病人最容易遭受严重污染的空气的影响。

3. Into her nineties, her thinking remained acute and her character forceful.虽已年届九旬，她依然头脑敏锐，个性很强。

【同义】 critical(a.危急的)；urgent(a.紧急的)

906- additional

a.附加的, 另外的, 额外的

【同】extra; spare

【搭配】additional charges 附加费用; additional outlay额外开支; additional to添加于, 附加于

【例句】I've just got a couple of suggestions for some additional work. 我刚得到一些针对额外工作的建议。

907- alternate

形容词发音 a.交替的, 轮流的; 间隔的 动词发音? v.(使)轮流, （使）交替

【搭配】alternate between.时而...时而...; alternate with 相间

【例句】I have to see the doctor on alternate Fridays. 我每隔一周的周五都要去看医生。

908- appearance

n.出现, 出场, 露面; 外表, 外貌, 外观

【同】looks

【例句】The professor's appearance in the meeting was warmly welcomed. 教授在会议上露面时受到热烈的欢迎。

【要点】appearance常出现在对人物或事物的描述场景中。形容人的眼睛的词有 blue/dark/brown, 形容人的头发的词有blonde/dark/curly, 形容人长得好看 的词有good-looking/pretty/handsome/beautiful, 形容人的长相"一般"可以用 plain.

-n.出现，露面；外观

【搭配】keep up appearances 维持体面；put in an appearance 露一下面；to all appearances 显然

【例句】

1. Shrek, maybe as you know, is an ugly monster from his appearance. But he has a strong inner beauty.你也许知道，从外表来看，史莱克是个丑陋的怪物，但是他的内心坚强而美丽。

2. I can still remember her beautiful appearance and her strong personality.我依然记得她美丽的外表和坚强的个性。

3. In terms of appearance, my mom is kind of average.就外表而言，我妈妈有些普通。

4. His sudden appearance surprises me greatly. 他的突然出现让我大吃一惊。

【同义】arrival(n.出现)

909- appropriate

a.适当的 形容词发音 v.私占; 拨出（款项） 动词发音?

【同】proper; suitable

【例句】A high-mountainside wouldn't have been an appropriate place for the factory. 高的山腰上本不适合建厂。

【要点】注意在听力考试中拼写时不要和approximate(a.大约的, 近似的)混淆。

a. 适当的 v.挪用；拨出（款项）

【搭配】 appropriate to 适于；appropriate sth. for sth.拨出（款项）供....之用

【例句】

1. Apply an appropriate current to a para electric material and it will cool down.给顺电性材料通上适当的电流，它就能冷却下来。

2. Hypotheses arise by guesswork, or by inspiration, but having been formulated they must be tested rigorously, using the appropriate methodology.假设由猜想或灵感突发而产生，但在形成理论后还必须以恰当的方法通过严格检测。

3. Personality Questionnaires are used by companies to put people in appropriate areas of work.很多公司通过性格测试把员工安排到合适的岗位上。

【同义】 suitable/proper(a.适当的)

【派生】 appropriation(n.挪用)

【要点】 fit,suitable,appropriate,proper都可以表示“适合的，适当的”。fit广泛用在口语中，指对某种要求或需要等合适、适当，常用结构fit for sth.和fit to do sth.;suitable指适于某一场合的要求或目的，比fit正式，常用结构为 suitable for.;appropriate指适合某一特定场合的要求，可接介词for和to;proper指适于某种情况，含“恰如其分”的意思。

910- advanced

a.高级的, 先进的, 前进的 英式发音?

【同】developed 美式发音?

【例句】The Ancient Romans were an advanced civilization.古罗马是一个拥有先进文明的国家。

【要点】advanced在听力考试中常以advanced course的形式出现, 表示"高级教 程", 其中初级教程和中级教程分别是beginning course 和 intermediate course.

911- agree

v.同意, 赞成; 一致, 适合

【同】approve; consent

【搭配】agree on 对...取得一致意见; agree to/with 同意, 赞成; 与...一致, 相符合

【例句】We agreed on three main targets. 在三个主要目标上, 我们意见一致。

912- attitude

n.态度, 看法; 姿势 英式发音?

【同】idea; opinion; view 美式发音?

【搭配】attitude to/towards 对...的态度; the attitude to smoking 对待吸烟的态度

【例句】We've been looking at the attitudes of various cultural groups towards the management of their personal finances. 我们一直在关注不同文化的群体对个人理财的看法。

【要点】attitude在和介词to连用时要注意吞音。此外, 表示观点态度的词有：
subjective 主观的
objective 客观的
neutral 中立的
indifferent 冷漠的
positive 积极的
negative 消极的

913- attractive

a.吸引人的, 有吸引力的; 引起注意的

【搭配】attractive personality吸引人的个性

【例句】My landlady is a slender attractive woman in her mid -thirties. 我的房东35岁左右, 身材苗条, 富有魅力。

-a.吸引人的；有魅力的；引人注目的

【例句】 Television keeps one better informed about the current events, allows one to follow the recent developments in politics and science, and provides endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. The most distant countries, the strangest customs and the most attractive scenes of nature are brought right into one's room.电视使人们更好地了解时事，让人们能够及时 了解政治和科学方面的最新进展，并提供了无尽的既有教育性又有娱乐性 的系列节目。最遥远的国度、最奇异的风俗和最具吸引力的自然风景被直 接送到了人们的房间。

914- approximately

ad.近似地, 大约

【同】roughly

【例句】The next train will come in approximately 5 minutes. 下一班火车大约会在五分钟之后到达。

915- basic

a.基本的, 基础的

【同】fundamental

【搭配】basic rights 基本权利; basic course基础课程; basic rule 基本规则

【例句】In this course, students receive instruction in basic engineering. 在本课程中, 学生能学到基础工程学的知识。

【要点】在考试中常会听到basic course, 意思是"基础课", 与之相关的短语有：
specialized course 专业课,

required course 必修课,
optional/selective course 选修课.

916- cast

n.演员表, 全体演员; 石膏绷带; 铸型, 铸件; 英式发音?

917- bizarre

a.奇形怪状的, 怪诞的

【例句】The most bizarre case was a telephone interview I did with a teacher at a university in France. 最奇怪的情况是我在法国一所大学与一名老师进行的电话面试。

【要点】其他表示"奇怪"的单词：weird(怪异的); queer(奇异的); odd(古怪的)。

-a.奇形怪状的；怪诞的

【例句】

1. New evidence has linked a commonly used sleep medication with bizarre behaviours, including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.新的证据把一种常用的睡眠药物与怪异行为联系起来，其中的一个 案例是一个女人在睡眠中画出了房子的前门。

2. The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug, including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication.在英国和澳大利亚，新呈报的个案中与 药物有关的怪异的梦游症案例越来越多，其中包括用药期间的睡眠驾驶。

3. The story has a certain bizarre interest.这个故事有一种怪诞的趣味。

【同义】fantastic(a.奇异的，荒诞的)；outlandish(a.古怪的，奇异的)

【例句】 Joseph Banks, a botanist, went on the first voyage along with fellow botanist Daniel Solander from Sweden.植物学家约瑟夫...班克斯和同为植物学家的同伴丹尼尔...索兰德一道从瑞典出发，参加了第一次航行。

【要点】botanist源于botany,“植物学”，形容词形式为botanical,含义是“与植物学有关的”，动词形式为 botanize,意为“研究、采集野生植物”。

918- clarify

v.澄清, 阐明

【同】make clear

【例句】I find that talking to the students about the requirements of the course helps to clarify what needs to be done. 我发现和学生谈论课程要求有助于向他们阐明需要做的是什么。

919- compact

a.紧密的, 结实的; 简明的; 紧凑的 v.使紧凑, 压缩 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】a compact car小型客车; a compact narration 简明的叙述

【例句】The bag must be compact and light for easy transport. 包必须轻便小巧以便于运输。

-v.合同；小粉盒 -a.紧密的；简洁的

【搭配】a compact mass of sand 坚实的沙堆； a compact flat 小型的单元； compact disc 激光唱片

【例句】 Even though a paper plane is the easiest item of origami I have ever made, and perhaps the most compact one, it is still my favorite one.尽管纸飞机是我折过的最简单的折纸手工，而且可能是我折过的最小巧的，但却是我最喜欢的。

【派生】 compactly(ad.紧密地)；compactness(n.紧密)

【同义】concise(a.紧凑的)

920- complaint

n.抱怨, 委屈; 投诉, 控告; 疾病 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】oral complaint 口头申诉

【例句】Thank you for calling our free company Information Line. If you want to make a complaint, please press one. 感谢您拨打我们公司的免费咨询电话。如果您需要投诉, 请按1。

921- confirm

v.证实, 确定; 批准, 使有效

【同】verify

【例句】A: Can I have a look at the travel plan?

B: I'm afraid the schedule hasn't been printed out yet, but we have confirmed the dates and planned optional extra visits.

A: 我能看一眼旅行计划吗？

B: 恐怕计划还没有印出来, 但是我们已经确定了日期并且计划了可供选择的其他旅程。

-v.证实；确定，肯定；批准

【例句】

1. And the data confirms that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to accelerate.数据证实，这些疾病的减少速度在不断加快。

2. If a prediction based on a hypothesis is fulfilled, then the hypothesis is confirmed as true.如果基于某一假设的预测通过实践检验，那么该假设就被证实是正确的。

【派生】confirmed(a.确认的；坚定的)

【要点】confirm指提供证据证明报告或意见等的正确性或真实性，强调有证据证 明；而verify意为证实、核实某事物是真实的或准确的，强调过程。

922- consecutive

a.连续不断的, 连贯的

【同】continuous; sequent

【搭配】consecutive years 连年

【例句】You should give a clear and consecutive narrative for your report. 你应该就你的报告给出一个清晰、连贯的陈述。

【要点】consecutive passes 在足球运动中为"连续传球"。

-a.连贯的；连续不断的

【搭配】 consecutive passes 连续传球；in consecutive years 连年

【例句】 Viewed from the side, the pagoda seemed to be doing a snake dance-with each consecutive floor moving in the opposite direction to its neighbours above and below.从侧面看，塔似乎在跳蛇舞，每两块相连的地板都以不同的方 向上下跳动。

【同义】 successive(a.连续的)

【派生】 consecutively(ad.连续地)

923- considerable

a.相当大（或多）的, 可观的; 值得考虑的, 重要的

【同】great; large

【例句】The mud-rock flow blocks the mountain passes, so you have to make considerable detours. 泥石流阻塞了山路, 因此你不得不绕很多道。

【要点】在听到considerable这个词时, 一定不要和considerate(周到的)意思搞混。

924- consist

v.在于, 存在于; 由...组成, 由...构成 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【同】consist of→be made up of; be composed of； consist in, lie in

【搭配】consist of由...组成, 由...构成; consist in在于, 存在于

【例句】The main evidence for cereal grains' presence consists of impressions on pottery. 谷物存在的主要证据包括陶器上的痕迹。

925- constant

a.经常的, 不断的; 坚定的, 永恒的; 忠实的; 持续的; 不变的 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化 n.常数, 恒量

【同】unchanging

【搭配】constant temperature 恒温; constant speed 恒定速度; constant value 不变价值

【例句】we need to have a constant supply of bikes to tourists. 我们需要向游客不断地提供自行车。

-a.忠实的；恒定的；经常的 -n.常数

【搭配】constant temperature 恒温；constant speed 恒定速度；constant value 不变价值；a constant friend 忠实的朋友

1. For one thing, his friends pay constant visits to him; for another, he regularly holds noisy parties.其一，他的朋友常来看他；其二，他经常举办聚会，十 分吵闹。

2. Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform in their relatively short career.竞争总是存在，运动员在相对较短的职业生涯中，每 比赛一次都要经受一次考验。

【同义】unchanging(a.不变的)；faithful(a.忠诚的)

【反义】 variable(n.变量)

926- delicate

a.纤弱的; 精致的; 微妙的; 灵敏的

【同】sensitive

【例句】The leather of ostriches is very delicate and fine. 鸵鸟的羽毛柔软且漂亮。

【要点】注意不要和dedicate(贡献, 致力于)混淆。

a.纤细的；精巧的；微妙的

【例句】Better conservation methods and a focus on fresh fossils, could boost DNA extraction from more delicate specimens.更好的保存方法及重点研究新获得的化石，有助于从更易受损的样本中提取DNA。

【要点】delicate的意义非常多，可以指材质“柔软娇嫩的”，如delicate skin(娇嫩的皮肤)；“做工精细的”，如delicate mechanism(精巧的机械装置)；“易碎 242的；柔弱的”，如delicate china(易碎的瓷器)等。在阅读中遇到该词时，要注意与之【搭配】的名词，以准确判断其含义。

-a.纤细的；精巧的；微妙的

【例句】

1. Badminton is played with rackets that look much like tennis rackets, but they are much more delicate.打羽毛球用的球拍，看起来很像网球拍，但它们更轻巧。

2. This can be treated to produce about half a square metre of delicate leather.这可以被加工成大约0.5平方米的精致皮革。

927- crack

v.(使)破裂n.裂缝

【同】rupture

【搭配】crack up(体力、精力等)垮掉, 衰退; crack down on 镇压, 制裁

【例句】Viscous lava, accompanied by burning clouds of ash and gas, welled out of the volcano from cracks in its flanks. 黏稠的岩浆夹杂着燃烧的火山灰和气团从火山侧面的裂缝中喷涌而出。

【要点】表示"裂缝"的相关词汇：
flaw 裂隙
cleft 裂缝
crevice 破口
gap 裂口

v.(使)破裂 n.裂缝

【搭配】 crack up(健康)崩溃；crack down on 镇压

【例句】

1. If the shell is slightly cracked during boiling, the white material will bubble out and set like a tiny mountain chain over the crack -like an archipelago of volcanic islands such as the Hawaiian Islands.如果地壳在沸腾时轻微破裂，就会有白色物质冒出，然后像微小的山脉般堆积在崩裂处——就像一座火山群岛，如夏威夷群岛。

2. Viscous lava, accompanied by burning clouds of ash and gas, welled out of the volcano from cracks in its flanks.粘稠的岩浆夹杂着燃烧的火山灰和气团从火山侧面的裂缝中喷涌而出。

【要点】在雅思考试中，crack易与一些意思相近的词混淆，这些动词均含“打破，弄碎”之意。如下面的单词：break是常用词，含义广泛，多指猛然用力将坚硬物打破或损坏；burst指某物因内部或外部压力过大而出现严重破裂、爆开或涨破；crush指用力把东西压碎或变形；shatter一词也很常见，指破裂为许多碎片，多指易碎物；smash指突然而猛烈地重击某物，使之破碎或完全变形。但是，crack多指因长期使用或经受压力，物体出现裂纹、裂口或破裂、裂开，但一般没成碎片；而fracture比crack的破裂程度更深、更严重，常指断裂，医学上指骨折。同学们在【同义】替换时一定要加以区别。

928- criticize

v.批评, 责备; 评论

【同】be critical of

【例句】All students are free to criticize my teaching. 所有的学生都可以对我的教学进行评论。

929- crucial

a.至关重要的, 决定性的

【同】vital

【搭配】crucial to/for sth. 对...至关重要的; at a crucial time在关键时刻; a crucial question 关键问题

【例句】Facial identification is the most crucial field of my study. 人脸识别是我最关键的研究领域。

-a.至关重要的；决定性的

【搭配】crucial to/for sth.对...至关重要的；at a crucial time 在关键时刻；a crucial question 关键问题

【例句】

1. It is crucial to help the kids. So I will contact some local non-profit organizations to see if they can help.帮助这些孩子是至关重要的，所以我会 联系一些当地的公益组织，看他们能否提供帮助。

2. In many cases, self-confidence is crucial to one's success because it is the psychological ground for one's work, and it is based on an evaluation of one's understanding of knowledge done by oneself.在很多案例中，自信是一个人成 功的关键，因为它是一个人工作的心理支撑；自信建立在一个人对自己所 掌握的知识的评估上。

3. The presence of forests is crucial to the survival of human beings.森林的存 在对人类的存活至关重要。

930- decent

a.体面的, 像样的; 正派的, 合乎礼仪的 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【例句】You can't get anything decent under 10 dollars. 你不可能花不到10美元买到任何像样的东西。

-a.适当的；令人满意的

【搭配】earn a decent wage 赚可观的工资

【例句】

1. Never tell stories that are not decent.切勿讲不雅的故事。

2. You can't get anything decent with less than 15 dollars.少于15美金不可能买 到像样的东西。

【同义】proper(a. 适当的)；modest(a.端庄的)；satisfactory(a.令人满意的)

【反义】indecent(a.不适当的)

931- decrease

v./n.减少, 减小 动词发音?

【同】drop; fall; go down 名词发音?

【例句】The number of immigrants decreased slightly last year. 去年移民人数略有下降。

932- depend

v.依靠, 依赖; 信赖, 相信; 决定于, 视...而定

【同】depend on→be dependent on

【搭配】depend on 取决于

【例句】A: How much do the trips cost?

B: Between five and fifteen pounds a head, depending on distance.

A: 旅行费是多少？

B: 每个人5到15镑不等, 这取决于距离。

933- describe

v.描述, 形容

【同】give a description of

【例句】The lecturer describes four processes which may contribute to the extinction of a species. 演讲者描述了可能导致一个物种灭绝的四个过程。

934- distinct

a.清楚的, 明显的; 截然不同的 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【同】clear; special

【搭配】be distinct from与...截然不同; a distinct minority明显的少数

【例句】The twin brothers showed a distinct taste for sport. 那对双胞胎兄弟对体育表现出截然不同的嗜好。

a.与其他不同的；独特的；清楚的，明确的

【搭配】 be distinct from 与...截然不同；a distinct minority明显的少数

【例句】

1. The numeration system of the Tsimshian language in British Columbia includes seven distinct sets of words for numbers according to the class of the item being counted.不列颠哥伦比亚钦西安语言的计数系统，根据计算的项目的不同属性，包含了七种不同的表示数字的词类。

2. Why do humans, alone among all animal species, display a distinct left or right-handedness?为什么唯独人类和其他动物不一样，会出现独特的左手或右手偏好呢？

【要点】 distinct常用的短语【搭配】是be distinct from,含义是“与...不同”，其【同义】表 达有obvious,visible,unique,evident和individual等。其常见的同根词有 distinctive“有特色的，与众不同的”，distinguished“著名的；卓著的； 高贵的”，distinguishing“有区别的”和distinguishable“可区别的；辨认得出的；可辨识的”。

-a.与其他不同的；清楚的，明确的

【搭配】be distinct from 与...截然不同；a distinct minority 明显的少数

【例句】

1. I remember that they used to have distinct opinions about my educational philosophy.我记得他们曾经对我的教育理念各持异议。

2. Why do humans, alone among all animal species, display a distinct left or right-handedness?为什么唯独人类和其他动物不一样，会有独特的左手偏好或右手偏好呢？

935- enormous

a.巨大的, 庞大的

【同】huge; vast

【搭配】enormous expenditure 巨额开支

【例句】The demand for motorcycles is enormous, which makes them very expensive locally. 当地对摩托车的需求巨大, 这导致摩托车很贵。

-a.巨大的，庞大的

【例句】

1. The Great Hall stands on a set of plinth and its roof is sustained by enormous pillars. The main altar can be found there. You'll see a Buddha seated between two of his students. 大礼堂矗立于一组柱基上，屋顶由巨大的柱子支撑着。在那里可以找到主祭坛。你可以看到一位佛陀坐在他的两名弟子之间。

2. We grow an enormous number of bananas each year.我们每年都会种植大量的香蕉。 义immense(a.巨大的，广大的)；colossal(a.巨大的，庞大的)

【同义】

936- dominant

a.支配的, 统治的, 占优势的 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】a dominant power in the world 世界头号强国

【例句】Linda's grandparents have a dominant effect on her life. 琳达的祖父母对她的生活有绝对的影响力。

a.占优势的；统治的；居高临下的

【搭配】 a dominant power in the world 世界头号强国

【例句】

1. Many of the world's biggest cities began as ports-that is, with land-sea exchange as their major function-but they have since grown disproportionately in other respects so that their port functions are no longer dominant.许多世界大城市都是由港口发展起来的，即以海陆交易作为主要功能，但是从那时起它们在其他领域的发展尤为迅速，以至于其港口作用不再明显。

2. Of all the media, television is clearly dominant, with newspapers a close second.在所有的媒体中，电视显然占主导地位，报纸紧随其后位居第二。

【要点】 dominant, predominant, sovereign这些形容词均含有“占优势的，支配其他的”之意。dominant强调权威；predominant侧重于影响与新近的优势；sovereign多用于政治、政权领域。

937- easy-going

a.脾气随和的, 心平气和的; 懒散的, 随便的; 不慌不忙的

【例句】The interviews don't tell you if applicants are easy-going or hate smoking or whatever. 从面试中你看不出求职者是否随和或讨厌吸烟或别的什么事。

【要点】形容一个人"性格"的词除了 easy-going 外, 还有：
extrovert 外向的
introvert 内向的
optimistic 乐观的
pessimistic 悲观的
confident 自信的
active 积极的
passive 被动的

938- essential

a.必要的, 必不可少的; 本质的, 基本的 n.本质, 要点

【同】basic; necessary

【搭配】be essential to/for 对...是必不可少的

【例句】The dictionary tells us vitamins are essential to maintain life. 字典讲到维生素对于维持生命是必不可少的。

a.本质的；非常重要的 n.要素

【搭配】 be essential to/for 对...是必不可少的；essential oil 香精油

【例句】

1. Hypnosis, yoga, Silva mind-control, religious ceremonies and faith healing are all associated with successful suggestion, but none of their techniques seem to be

essential to it.催眠、瑜伽、席尔瓦精神控制法、宗教仪式以及信仰疗法都与成功的暗示有关联，但它们都不是成功暗示的本质所在。

2. By means of photosynthesis, forests produce oxygen through the transformation of solar energy, fulfilling what for humans is the essential role of an immense, non-polluting power plant.通过光合作用，森林将太阳能进行转化，从而生成氧气。对人类来说，它是一个不可或缺的巨大且无污染的能源工厂。

3. It is essential that the glass be thicker on the outside than on the inside.外层玻璃要比内层的厚，这很重要。

-a.本质的；非常重要的 -n.要素；实质

【搭配】be essential to/for 对...必不可少

【例句】

1. The field trip was fun and educational. From my personal experience, I believe such trips are essential in educating students in an all-around way.实地考察非常有趣而且有教育性。从我的个人经验来说，我认为这样的考察对于学生 的全面教育是必不可少的。

2. TV has become an important part in so many people's lives that it is essential for us to judge whether it is a blessing or a curse.电视已经成为许多人生活中一个重要的部分，因此判断它是福还是祸对我们来讲非常重要。

3. It is essential that the glass be thicker on the outside than on the inside.外层玻璃应该比内层玻璃厚，这一点很重要。

939- evaporate

v.(使)蒸发; 消失, 不复存在

【例句】Trees evaporate water through their leaves. 树木通过叶片蒸发水分

v.(使)蒸发，挥发；消失；不复存在

【例句】

1. The preservative used is usually ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, as alcohol will evaporate quickly and the TRAPs will dry out.因为乙醇很快就会挥发，抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶会变干，所以常用的防腐剂是乙二醇或丙二醇。

2. He thought water could evaporate quickly in sandy soils.他认为水在沙土中会很快蒸发掉。

【同义】 vanish(v. 消失)；vaporize(v.(使)蒸发)

940- evidence

n.根据, 证据; 形迹, 迹象

【同】indication; proof

【搭配】a piece of evidence一项证据

【例句】You will need to provide evidence that you can fund yourself for however long your course lasts. 你需要提供证据证明不管你上多长时间的课, 你的资金都没问题。

-n.根据，证据，证明

【搭配】in evidence 显而易见的；on the evidence of sth.用某事物作为证据

【例句】

1. On the strength of convincing research and evidence, I agree with the former one.基于有说服力的研究和证据，我同意前者。

2. In summary, judging from all the evidence offered, I safely arrive at the conclusion that tobacco should be forbidden as well as drugs except for a few special purposes, such as research and medicine.总之，从各项证据来看，我 可以肯定地得出这样的结论：除了投入研究和作为药物这些特殊用途之 外，烟和毒品都要被禁止。

941- exaggerate

v.夸大, 夸张

【同】blow up

【例句】The witness exaggerated the seriousness of the accident. 目击者夸大了事故的严重性。

-v.使扩大；使增大；夸大；夸张

【例句】 Most forms of environmental pollution appear to have been exaggerated.大部分的环境污染方式似乎都被夸大了。

【同义】 overstate(v.夸大)

【反义】 understate(v.含蓄地说)

【派生】 exaggerated(a.夸大的)；exaggeration(n.夸张)

-v.(使)扩大，（使）增大；夸大，夸张

【例句】

1. All I did was just walk around and feast my eyes on the natural African scenery, as well as lots of wildlife I'd never seen before. It is not exaggerating to say that it is an absolute paradise for animals.我所做的就是四处游荡，非洲的自然风景以及许多我未曾见过的野生动物令我大饱眼福。毫不夸张地说，这里绝 对是动物的天堂。

2. To make a long story short, it helps to reveal the relationship between humans and nature. Enjoying it, you would get to know millions of kinds of animals and plants that you possibly have never seen before. Yes, it is not exaggerating to say that.长话短说，它有助于揭示人与自然的关系。欣赏它，你就会了解你可 能从未见过的数百万种动植物。是的，这样说一点都不夸张。

942- excellent

a.卓越的, 极好的 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【同】fantastic; outstanding

【例句】That new western restaurant is supposed to be excellent. 那家新开的西餐馆应该很好。

943- exclusive

a.专有的, 独占的; 专用的; 除外的, 排他的

【搭配】an exclusive interview 独家采访, 专访; exclusive of 不包括; an exclusive nation 排外的国家

【例句】This room is for the visitors' exclusive use. 这个房间供游客专用。

n.独家新闻 a.奢华的；独有的；排他的

【搭配】 exclusive story 独家报道；exclusive of sb./sth.不包括某人/某事物

【例句】

1. A room in a shared house costs between E45 and f55 per week, exclusive of bills.合租房中一个房间每周的租金幅度在45到55英镑之间，不包括其他费用。

2. He is part of an exclusive social circle.他所属的社交圈很排外。

【派生】 exclusiveness(n.独特性)

【反义】 inclusive(a.包括某事物的)

944- extent

n.程度; 范围; 长度 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【同】range; scope

【搭配】to some extent在某种程度上

【例句】That old race track in the sports centre is nearly six miles in extent. 这个体育中心的旧跑道有近六英里长。

n.程度；范围；长度

【搭配】 to some extent 在某种程度上

【例句】

1. The design of Bakelite objects, everything from earrings to television sets, was governed to a large extent by the technical requirements of the moulding process.所有胶木制品，小到耳饰大到电视机，在很大程度上都是由造型工艺的技术要求来决定其设计的。

2. Video recordings avoid these problems to a large extent, but they also have limitations.录像很大程度地避免了这些问题，但是它们也有缺陷。

3. The EPA argues that Congress did not intend to include CO, under that heading, and that to do so would extend the EPA's authority to an unreasonable extent.环保署辩解说国会不打算将控制二氧化碳排放纳入法案，因为这样做会使环保署的权力过大。

-n.程度；范围；长度

【搭配】to some extent 在某种程度上

【例句】

1. The older generation thinks that a name will determine one's destiny to some extent. But I don't attach too much significance to names.老一辈认为名字在某 种程度上能够决定一个人的命运，但是我不认为名字有很重要的意义。

2. People in small cities have not become materialistic to the same extent as the inhabitants in big cities.小城市里的居民还不像大城市的居民那样物质化。

【派生】extension(n.伸展；扩大)

945- extra

a.额外的, 附加的 n.附加物, 额外的东西

【同】spare

【例句】Students need extra help from their teachers in addition to study. 除了学习, 学生还需要老师在其他方面给予帮助。

【要点】雅思考试中常会听到extra charge这个词组, 意思是"附加费"。

946- extreme

a.末端的, 尽头的; 极度的, 极端的 n.极端; 最大程度; 极度（状态）

【搭配】in the extreme 极其

【例句】The area became one where the vast majority of people lived in extreme poverty. 在该地区, 绝大多数人的生活都陷入了极度的贫困。

947- factual

a.事实的; 真实的, 确凿的

【例句】The task is intended to test your skills of intensive reading for factual information.该任务旨在测试你精读事实性信息的能力。

948- farewell

n.辞行, 告别

【搭配】farewell speech 告别演说; farewell poem 告别诗

【例句】We've decided to organise something for John's farewell. 我们决定为约翰的离去组织一些活动。

【要点】在读音和拼写上都要注意和welfare(福利, 安宁)区分。

949- express

a.特快的, 快速的 n.快车, 快运 v.表达, 表示

【例句】The chart on the wall expresses the economic movements differently from last year. 墙上的这张图表反映了经济趋势与去年的不同。

【要点】我们在听力中常会听到 express train 这个短语, 指的是"特快列车", 而另一个短语 maglev train, 指的是"磁悬浮列车"。

950- fortnight

a.十四天, 两星期 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】a fortnight's holiday 两星期的假期; in a fortnight's time在两星期之内

【例句】John was appointed to the beach town for a fortnight. 约翰被派到那个海边小镇两周时间。

951- fragile

a.脆弱的, 虚弱的; 易碎的, 易损坏的

【同】brittle; delicate; frail

【搭配】fragile article 易碎品; fragile material 脆性材料

【例句】The fragile boxes arrived intact. 这些易损坏的箱子被完好无损地运到了。

【要点】表示"事物状态"的相关词汇：

tender 嫩的

concrete 具体的

portable 可携带的

sloppy 泥泞的

-a.脆弱的；虚弱的

【例句】

1. The freshly laid egg is extremely fragile, but within a day its surface has hardened into a shell. 刚产下的卵十分脆弱，但是在一天之内，它的表面就硬化成了一层壳。

2. The fragile boxes arrived intact.这些易碎的箱子被完好无损地运到了目的地。

【同义】delicate(a.易碎的，脆弱的)；brittle(a.易碎的，易损坏的；脆弱的)；frail(a.体弱的；易破碎的，易损的)

【反义】unbreakable(a.打不破的，牢不可破的)；sturdy(a.强壮的)

952- frequent

a.时常发生的, 频繁的 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【同】continual

【例句】The most frequent use for a computer is data processing. 计算机最常用于数据处理。

a.常见的，常用的

【例句】

1. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals' responsiveness of being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free-ranging cetacean individuals of all species appear to make frequent contact.饲养海豚和小鲸鱼的训练员常常提到这些动物在被抚摸或是摩擦时的反应，无论是圈养还是自由放养的，所有种类的个体都会频繁地接触。

2. Frequent failures did not affect his morale.屡次的失败并没影响他的斗志。【同义】 habitual(a.惯常的)；usual(a.经常的)

【反义】 infrequent(a.不经常的)；rare(a.不寻常的)

-a.屡次的，经常的

【例句】

1. Frequent failures did not affect his morale.屡次的失败都没能让他泄气。

2. The rise of charity organizations is associated with the frequent emergence of these disasters.慈善组织的发展与这些天灾人祸的频发有关。

【派生】 frequency(n.屡次，频繁)；frequently(ad.经常地)

953- fundamental

a.基础的, 基本的 n.基本原则, 基本原理

【同】basic; essential

【搭配】fundamental innovation 基础性的创新

【例句】The recent research does suggest that there are some quite fundamental differences between men and women in their attitudes to political matters. 最近的研究确实表明男性和女性在对待政治问题的态度方面存在根本差异。

【要点】注意不要拼写为 foundamental。

954- general

a.一般的, 普通的; 总的, 大体的 n.将军

【同】overall

【搭配】in general 通常, 大体上; general science 大众科学

【例句】The book on the desk is a general one. 课桌上的那本书很普通。

955- generally

ad.一般地, 通常, 大体上; 普遍地, 广泛地

【同】broadly

【例句】The land here is generally hilly, and the soils thin.这儿的土地大都崎岖不平, 土壤贫瘠。

956- glamorous

a.富有魅力的, 迷人的

【同】alluring; fascinating

【例句】It's a less glamorous activity than pure innovation, but it actually happens more often. 这不像纯粹的创新那样光彩夺目, 但这种事情却发生得更频繁。

【要点】表示"外貌特征"的相关词汇：
stodgy 笨重的
obese 肥胖的
shabby 破旧的
bald 秃头的

957- guidebook

n.指南, 手册

【例句】The guidebook says the Disney Land is worth spending some time on.旅行指南上说迪士尼乐园值得一逛。

958- hostile

a.敌对的, 敌方的, 敌意的 英式发音? 美式发音?

【例句】Over the past few years, the public has been hostile to several pop stars. 最近几年, 公众对几个明星一直存有敌意。

959- identifiable

a.可辨认的, 可识别的; 可证明是同一的

【例句】To possess a concept is not to own some easily identifiable article. 持有一个概念并不是持有某个容易辩认的物品。

960- identify

v.识别, 鉴别; 把...等同于...

【搭配】identify with把...与...等同

【例句】John can't identify the handwriting on the paper. 约翰辨认不出纸上的笔迹。

-v.认出，识别

【搭配】 identify with 把....与...等同

【例句】

1. An initial scan like this can help you identify the e-mails that require your prompt attention.像这样的初始扫描能帮你找出需要立即处理的邮件。

2. All of these are applications of biometrics, a little-known but fast-growing technology that involves the use of physical or biological characteristics toidentify individuals.这些都是生物统计学的应用实例，生物统计是一种鲜为人知但发展很快的技术,它利用物理或生物学特性来识别个体。 type of muscular dystrophy. 1986年，美国研究人员发现了导致一种肌肉萎缩 症的基因缺陷。

【同义】 recognize(v.认出，识别)；determine(v.查明；确定)

【派生】 identification(n.鉴别)

961- ignorance

n.无知, 愚昧; 不知道

【搭配】ignorance about 不知...

【例句】Students in primary school often behave badly out of ignorance. 小学生由于无知常常表现不佳。

n.无知，愚昧

【搭配】 ignorance of 不知...

【例句】

1. No one minds mistakes or ignorance as long as you are prepared to learn from them.只要你愿意从错误或无知中吸取教训，就没有人会在意这些错误或这种无知。

2. Not ignorance, but the ignorance of ignorance, is the death of knowledge.并非无知本身，而是对无知的无知，才是知识的死亡。

962- infest

v.侵扰, 骚扰

【例句】These parasites are gradually infesting the gills of freshwater fish. 在逐渐浸入淡水鱼的腮。

963- initiative

a.创始的, 起始的 英式发音? n.第一步, 首创精神; 主动性 美式发音?

【搭配】take the initiative 带头, 倡导, 发起

【例句】Tom is too shy to take the initiative in greeting his classmates. 汤姆因太害羞而不主动和同学打招呼。

n.采取的行动措施；主动性

【搭配】 take the initiative 带头，倡导，发起

1. With an increased supply through local breeding, donkeys should become more affordable. Meanwhile, local initiatives are promoting the renting out of the existing donkeys. 通过本地养殖来增加供应量，驴的价格就会更加实惠。同时，地方举措也促进了现有的驴的出租。

2. The major initiative by this car-manufacture company was to adopt a totally multi-skilled workforce.这家汽车制造商采取的主要措施就是只雇佣掌握多种技能的工人。

964- impossible

a.不可能的, 办不到的

【例句】This kind of research would be impossible without his contribution. 如果没有他的贡献, 做这种研究是不可能的。

965- inclusive

a.包括一切的, 包括一切费用在内的; 所有数目(或首末日期)包括在内的

【同】included

【搭配】fully inclusive 完全包括在内的

【例句】The fully inclusive fee for the trip to the country will be higher in summer vacation.暑假去那个国家旅行的所有费用会更贵。

966- incredible

a.不可相信的, 惊人的, 不可思议的

【同】unbelievable

【例句】The plot of the story is incredible. 这个故事的情节令人难以相信。

967- indicate

v.指出, 指示; 表明, 暗示; 表明或暗示...可能性

【同】point out; show; suggest

【例句】The research indicates that it's not appropriate for students to think about their future economic situation at their early ages. 研究表明, 学生在很小的时候就考虑他们将来的经济情况是不恰当的。

968- lack

n./v. 缺乏, 不足

【搭配】lack of 缺乏, 没有

【例句】Martin can't afford the car due to lack of money. 由于没钱, 马丁买不起这辆车。

【要点】这个单词后面接of或者直接使用, 接介词of时注意连读。

969- landscape

n.(陆上)风景, 风景画; 地形 v.美化

【同】scenery

【搭配】Landscape Architecture 景观设计专业

【例句】The huge rocks and bare trees form a monotonous landscape. 巨石和光秃秃的树构成了单调的景色。

970- integral

a.构成整体所必需的; 完整的

【搭配】integral number 整数

【例句】Wings are an integral part of birds. 翅膀是鸟类不可或缺的部分。

【要点】integral在考试中常以短语 integral number的形式出现, 相关短语有fraction (分数)和decimal fraction(小数)。

971- least

a.最小的; 最少的 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化 ad.最小; 最少

【搭配】at least至少; in the least一点, 丝毫; last but not least 最后的但是也很重要的（表示总结）

【例句】It wil take at least one year to build the exhibition centre. 盖这个展览中心至少要一年时间。

972- interweave

v.使交织, 使混杂

【同】intertwine; mingle

【例句】Your destiny is interwoven with mine. 你的命运和我的命运已经结合在一起了。

973- majority

n.多数, 大多数

【搭配】majority status 成人身份

【例句】The majority of people seem to like online shopping. 大多数人似乎都喜欢网上购物。

-n.大多数

【例句】

1. An example question in the list asked about the picture on the back of a 50 Yuan, but the majority of the group of people got this simple question wrong.单 子上一个范例问题是问50元人民币背面的图案是什么，但是这一组里的大 多数人都回答错了这个简单的问题。

2. Jacky Zhang is the pop singer I like the most. He has released more than 100 albums, and the majority of his songs are quite popular in both the street and 264KTV rooms.张学友是我最喜欢的流行歌手，他已经出了100多张专辑，大 部分歌曲在大街小巷和KTV都很流行。

3. The majority of the victims are all old folks and children.大多数受害者是老人和孩子。

974- massive

a.大而重的, 厚实的; 大规模的, 大量的

【同】great; huge

【例句】I know buying a computer is a massive expense. 我知道买电脑需要花费很多。

a.大的；大量的，大规模的

【例句】

1. Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects.自从20世纪早期国际田联开始记录成绩以来，运动员的奔跑速度、跳越高度和投掷距离都在稳步提高。

2. In Tokyo, builders are planning a massive underground city to be begun in the next decade.在东京，建筑者们正计划在下一个十年开始建造一个大型的地下城。

【要点】 massive, huge, enormous, immense, giant, gigantic, colossal, vast, tremendous这些词均有“巨大的，庞大的”之意。massive指大的体积、数量和重量，侧重庞大而笨重；huge用途广泛，强调体积或容积的庞大；enormous指体积、数量或程度远远超过一般标准；immense更正式，侧重空间的广阔，也指面积或分量巨大；giant是非正式用词，多为褒义；gigantic指面积或体积的巨大，但多用于引申义；colossal侧重尺寸、规模和体积的无比巨大；vast多指空间、面积、范围大，不涉及重量；tremendous指某物很大，大得惊人，也可用作引申义。

-a.大而重的；大量的，大规模的

【例句】

1. Because of massive delays, the transportation of products took longer than I expected.由于大规模滞留，运输货物花费的时间超出了我的预期。

2. In Tokyo builders are planning to start a massive underground city in the next decade.在东京，建筑者们正计划在下一个十年开始建造一个大型的地 下城。

975- maximum

a.最大的, 最高的 n.最大值, 极限

【例句】The maximum speed of the new train is 200 miles an hour. 这列新型火车的最大时速是每小时200英里。

-n.最大量 -a.最大的，最高的

【例句】

1. In order to release the pressure of the city traffic, the government imposed a law on the maximum number of cars each household should have.为了缓解城市的交通压力，政府发布了每个家庭可以购置的车辆数目上限。

2. This hall holds a maximum of seventy people.这个厅最多能容纳70人。

976- mention

v./n.提及, 说起

【同】touch on

【搭配】not to mention 更不用说, 更不必说

【例句】The old man has two pigs to care for, not to mention a bird. 老人有两头猪要照顾, 更别提还有一只鸟。

-n./v.提及，说起

【例句】

1. I would like to mention that my mother does not like my father smoking and therefore she refuses to buy cigarettes for him.我想提的是我母亲不喜欢我父亲抽烟，因此她拒绝给他买香烟。

2. I would like to mention the question of plagiarism.我想谈谈剽窃的问题。

977- mineral

a.矿物的, 矿质的 n.矿物, 矿石

【搭配】mineral water 矿泉水

【例句】A: What would you like to drink? B: I'd really love a mineral water.

A: 你想喝什么？B: 我想喝矿泉水。

978- minimum

a.最小的, 最低的 n.最小值, 最低限度

【例句】We usually ask for a minimum sum of￡50 for the annual fee. 我们的年费通常最低也要50英镑。

979- multiple

a.多样的, 多重的 n.倍数

【搭配】multiple choice多项选择; in multiple(s)成倍地

【例句】The authorities use the service centre for multiple purposes. 官方把服务中心用作多种用途。

a.多重的，多样的 n.倍数

【搭配】 multiple choice 多项选择；in multiple(s)成倍地

【例句】

1. The sound of boat whistles or the moving tides are symbols of their multiple links with a wide world.船笛声或者涌动的浪潮是他们与广阔世界有着多样化连接的标志。

2. Social media sites offer multiple daily opportunities for connecting with friends, classmates, and people with shared interests. During the last 5 years, the number of people using such sites has increased dramatically.社交媒体网站为联系朋友、同学和有共同兴趣爱好的人提供了多样的日常机会。最近五年来，使用这种网站的人数急剧增加。

3. Such devices have multiple purposes.这类装置具备多重功能

980- normal

a.正常的, 普通的; 正规的, 标准的

【同】average; ordinary

【例句】It is normal that the train comes at about six o'clock. 在正常情况下, 这列火车六点左右到达。

981- present

a.出席的, 到场的; 现在的, 目前的 形容词和名词发音? n.现在, 目前; 礼物, 赠品 动词发音? v.赠送; 介绍; 提出, 呈交

【同】current; existing

【搭配】present situation 当下的状况; present a problem 提出问题

【例句】Discuss the possible negative influences of the reform and present your idea. 讨论一下改革可能带来的负面影响并给出你的想法。

-v.提出；呈现 a.现在的 -n.现在；礼物

【例句】

1. I am very happy in my present job, so I would not change it even if I could.我对现在的工作非常满意，所以即使能换工作，我也不会换。

2. In China, young people don't have many good choices except cigarettes and wine when they buy presents for the older generation during Chinese New Year.在中国，除了香烟和酒，年轻人没有其他更好的选择作为春节礼物送给老 一辈。

3. I got a model car as a present from my father when he found that I liked model cars.当我父亲发现我喜欢模型车时，他给我买了一个作为礼物。

【要点】present的含义非常多，在口语中，通常以重音不同区分动词和名词。例如，New Year present(新年礼物)中重音应该放在pre-,而present the plan(提交计划)中，重音则应该放在-sent上。

982- private

a.私人的, 个人的; 秘密的, 私下的

【同】personal; secret

【例句】The study concentrated on applications for management positions in the $45,000 to S110,000 salary range and found that women are more successful than men in both the private and public sectors. 这项研究的研究对象集中在那些申请薪金水平在 4.5 万美元到 11 万美元范围内的管理职位的申请人中, 结果发现无论在私营还是公共部门女性都更为成功。

【要点】在英国, 学校分为公立学校(public school)和私立学校(private school), 公立学校在过去也称为寄宿学校(boarding school), 专门招收上流社会的学生, 比如伊顿公学。

983- plus

a.正的, 加的n.加号, 正号 prep.加上

【例句】The work of an editor needs intelligence plus carefulness. 编辑工作需要才智外加细心。

【要点】评分的等级A*, 就是A plus。

984- original

a.最初的, 原始的, 原文的; 新颖的, 有独创性的 n.原物, 原作, 原文

【搭配】original handwriting 真迹; original viewpoint 全新观点; original writer 原作者

【例句】All essays are based on research done by other people but students must remember to attribute the work to the original writer. 创作所有文章都需要基于他人所做的研究, 但是学生必须记住在文章中注明原作者。

a.最初的；原版的 n.原作

【搭配】 original handwriting 真迹；an original viewpoint 全新观点；an original play 原创剧；original sin 原罪

1. Modifications to the original design by local carpenters cut production time and costs. 当地木匠对原来的样式做了变动，削减了生产时间和成本。

2. There was some land there to begin with, the original little island of Chek Lap Kok and a smaller outcrop called Lam Chau.那里由一些土地发展而来，包括原赤腊角岛和一座叫做榄州的露出海面的礁石。

3. How important do you think it is for a film-maker to remain true to the original story?你认为电影制片人忠于原著的重要性有多高？

【派生】 originality(n. 独创性)；originally(ad. 独创地；最初)

-a.最初的；原版的；原创的 -n.原作

【搭配】original handwriting 真迹；an original viewpoint 全新观点；an original play 原创剧

【例句】

1. I can use the audio editing software perfectly. For example, by editing the song I sang, it sounds just like the original singer's singing.我能够完美地使用音频编辑软件。例如，通过编辑，我唱的一首歌听起来就像原唱。

2. I think the film star Meryl Streep sang the song "Dancing Queen"perfectly, even better than the original singer.我认为电影明星梅丽尔...斯特里普唱的歌"舞会女王"非常完美，甚至比原唱还好。

3. How important do you think it is for a film-maker to remain true to the original story?你认为电影制片人对原著的忠实度有多重要？

【派生】 originality(n.创新)

【同义】creative(a.创新的)

985- positive

a.确实的, 明确的; 积极的, 肯定的; 正的, 阳性的; 十足的, 完全的 n.(摄影)正片

【搭配】positive role 积极的作用; positive example 积极的榜样; positive number 正数

【例句】Sports psychologists help professional athletes approach competition with a positive mental attitude. 运动心理学家帮助专业运动员以正确的心态来面对竞争。

a.明确的；肯定的；积极的

【例句】

1. Customer comments, both positive and negative, are recorded by staff. These are checked regularly to identify opportunities for improvement. Just as importantly, employees are requested to note down their own suggestions for improvement.顾客的评价，不管是肯定的还是否定的，都由员工记录下来。公司会定期检查这些评价以明确改进的时机。同样重要的是，员工也需要写下他们自己的改进建议。

2. Earlier this year, Sergio Pell is of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general. 今年早些时候，加拿大莱斯布里奇大学的塞吉奥...佩里斯报道称，一般来说，哺乳动物的脑部大小与活跃程度高度相关。

-a.明确的；肯定的；积极的

【搭配】positive instructions 明确的指导；make positive proposals 提出积极建议；a positive attitude 乐观的态度

【例句】

1. Actually, what I've learnt from my best friend Jim is to maintain a positive attitude towards life, and never give up.事实上，我从我最好的朋友杰米那里学到了要保持积极的人生态度，永不言弃。

2. Adequate knowledge about the negative effects of population and positive ways of solving this problem is necessary.你必须对人口问题的负面影响和解决该问题的积极方法有足够的认识。

3. Customer comments, both positive and negative, are recorded by staff.顾客的评论，无论是肯定的还是否定的，都会被职员记录。

【同义】definite(a.明确的)

【反义】 negative(a.否定的)

【要点】在口语考试中，positive一词常用于对某一观点或问题表达自己的态度或 观点中，如我们可以说：To this problem, I hold a positive attitude.(对于该 问题，我持积极态度。)或者In my point of view, this has positive effects on our society.(我认为，这对我们的社会有积极影响。)与之意思相反的词 是negative(否定的；消极的；负面的)。

986- realistic

a.现实（主义）的

【例句】We must be more realistic towards the tough condition.我们必须更现实地面对这个困难情境。

987- rear

a.后方的, 后部的; 背后的 n.后部, 尾部 v.饲养, 抚养

【同】back; behind

【搭配】at/in the rear of...在...的后面; rear mirror 后视镜

【例句】I'd like to introduce Ted Hunter, who used to rear poultry. 我想介绍一下特德...亨特, 他曾经饲养过家禽。

988- reckon

v.认为, 估计; 测算, 测量

【同】calculate

【搭配】reckon in 把...算在内; reckon without 未把...考虑在内

【例句】Did you reckon in the cost of labour? 你把人工的费用算进去了吗？

-v.测算，计算；估计，猜想；认为

【例句】

1. It has been more than 6 years since I was enrolled in this university, so I reckon that the photo was taken at least 6 years ago.因为我被大学录取至少已有六年了，所以我估算这张照片至少是在六年前照的。

2. By no means should they reckon examination as the only means of stimulating pupils to pursue knowledge.他们绝对不应该把考试认为是激励学生追求知识的唯一手段。

989- profitable

a.有利可图的; 有益的

【例句】Many women are unwilling to invest in stocks and shares, but these can be extremely profitable. 许多女性都不愿投资股票, 但它们是极有利可图的。

990- reduce

v.减少, 缩小; 简化; 还原 英式发音?

【同】decrease 美式发音?

【例句】Catastrophes such as fire, flood, drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small fraction of their average level. 像火灾、水灾、干旱或流行病这类灾难会将人口数量降到远低于正常的水平。

991- regard

n.敬重, 敬意; 问候 英式发音? v.把...看作为, 把...认为; 考虑; 注视 美式发音?

【同】regard as→think as

【搭配】as regards 关于, 至于; with/in regard to 关于, 对于; regard as 把. 看作, 把...当作

【例句】John was regarded as the best teacher in the school. 约翰被公认为这所学校最好的老师。

992- ridiculous

a.荒谬的, 可笑的

【同】absurd

【例句】It seems that the excuse is ridiculous. 这个借口听起来很荒唐。

-a.荒谬的，可笑的

【例句】

1. I remember that the flowers were almost everywhere at this time of the year. However, it is really ridiculous that people still feel like it's winter.我记得，每 年这时候应该遍地开满了鲜花。但荒谬的是，人们现在仍觉得像是在过冬 天。

2. The fat old man looked ridiculous in his tight pink trousers.那个胖老头穿着 粉色的紧身裤，显得滑稽可笑。

【派生】ridiculously(ad.可笑地，荒谬地)

【同义】absurd(a.可笑的)

993- relevant

a.有关的, 相应的; 适当的, 中肯的; 实质性的, 有重大意义的 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】relevant to 与...相关

【例句】What you just said is not relevant to the current situation.你刚刚说的和当前的形势无关。

【要点】注意 relevant 和介词to连在一起读时要吞音。

a.有关的；切题的

【搭配】 relevant to 有关的，相应的；relevant details 相关细节

【例句】

1. A number of relevant surveys carried out in Australia all point to orthodox doctors' inadequacies.在澳大利亚做的大量相关调查都指向传统医生的不足。

2. The myth is that from a disorderly array of factual information, an orderly and relevant theory will somehow emerge.神奇的是，由这些杂乱无章的真实信息竟能得出条理清晰的相关理论。

3. You should support your argument with example and relevant evidence.你应该用实例和相关证据来支持你的论点。

-a.有关的；切题的

【搭配】relevant to与...有关的，相应的；relevant details 相关细节

【例句】

1. Before attending the lectures at the learning institution, it is important to make absolutely sure the institution is recognized by the relevant accounting agency.在去教育机构上课之前，要确保这个机构得到了相关会计协会的认可。

2. You should support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.你应该用实例和相关证据来支持你的论点。

994- reliable

a.可靠的

【例句】Like the single speed bike, three speed bikes are simple and reliable. 三速自行车和单速自行车一样简单可靠。

a.可靠的，可信赖的

【例句】

1. They may encounter inaccuracies during these searches and require parental involvement to be sure they are using reliable online resources, and interpreting the information correctly.在搜索的时候，他们可能会遇到错误，并且需要父母的参与以确定他们正在使用可靠的网络资源，能够正确解释信息。

2. Three speed cycles are simple and reliable when you ride them around the town.在城里还是骑三速自行车比较简单和可靠。

-a.可靠的，可信赖的

【例句】

1. The news on the Internet may not be so reliable but it is fast and you can choose what news you want to learn.网络新闻也许不是很可信，但是它更新 快，你能够选择自己想看的新闻。

2. Three speed cycles are simple and reliable when you ride them around the town.在城里还是骑三速自行车比较简单可靠。

995- rely

v.依靠, 依赖; 信赖, 信任

【同】rely on → depend on

【搭配】rely on 依靠

【例句】Most charities have relied on voluntary contributions in recent years. 近年来, 大多数的慈善机构都靠自愿捐赠来运作。

996- represent

v.描述, 表示; 代表, 代理; 阐明, 说明 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【例句】The three letters represent three directions—north, south and west. 这三个字母代表三个方向——北方、南方和西方。

997- severe

a.严重的

【同】serious

【搭配】severe consequence 严重后果

【例句】Corporate crime can have very severe consequences. 法人犯罪会造成非常严重的后果。

-a.严重的；严厉的；剧烈的

【搭配】a severe storm 剧烈的风暴；severe consequences 严重后果

【例句】 The research completed in 1982 found that in the United States soil erosion was almost as severe as in India and China. 1982年完成的研究显示，美国水土流 失的状况和印度及中国一样严重。

998- scrunch

v.揉皱; 缩紧

【同】crumple

【搭配】scrunch up 揉皱

【例句】The angry man first scrunched up the paper and then threw it on the fire. 那个愤怒的男人先把纸揉皱, 然后把它扔到火上。

999- security

n.安全, 保障; 抵押品; 证券

【同】safety

【搭配】security checks 安检; job securities 工作保障

【例句】Such an insurance plan can offer your families financial security in the event of the loss of property. 这种保险计划可以为你的家庭在失去财产的情况下提供经济保障。

1000- sensational

a.轰动的; 群情激动的; 耸人听闻的; 极好的; 绝妙的; 使人感动的

【搭配】sensational discovery 轰动的发现; sensational headlines 轰动的新闻

【例句】The performance given by the dancers is a sensational success. 舞者们的表演相当成功, 引起了轰动。

1001- sensible

a.明智的, 合理的; 可觉察的, 明显的

【例句】This week's lecture is on sensible eating. 本周演讲是有关合理饮食方面的。

1002- series

n.一系列, 连续; 丛书, 连续剧

【搭配】a series of 一系列, 一连串

【例句】This series of lectures is organised by the Students' Union.这一系列的演讲由学生会组织。

【要点】series 单复数【同】形, 在考试中注意拼写。

1003- shelter

n.躲避处, 避难所v.躲避, 避难

【同】refuge

【搭配】emergency shelter 应急避难场所; shelter forest 防护林

【例句】Harbour is a physical concept, a shelter for ships, while port is an economic concept, a centre of land-sea exchange. "Harbour"是物理概念, 即船的"家"; 而"port"却是经济概念, 即海陆货物交换的中心。

1004- significant

a.有意义的; 重大的, 重要的 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【例句】Modifications to houses come at a significant cost to the home buyers. 房屋装修对购房人来说是一笔不菲的开销。

1005- slender

a.修长的, 细长的, 苗条的; 微小的, 微薄的

【例句】Many people are still living on slender earnings. 许多人仍然靠微薄的收入 生活。

-a.细长的；微薄的

【搭配】slender finger 纤细的手指；a slender income 微薄的收入

【例句】 That's the only type of jeans I have, because I am pretty slender and they look good on me.我只有这种牛仔裤，因为我很苗条，穿这种好看。

【同义】slim(a.纤细的)；scanty(a.贫乏的)

【要点】thin, bony, skinny, scrawny, underweight, slim, slender都有"瘦"的意思，在指人的体重低于标准时，thin最常用，该词含贬义，指虚弱或不健康； bony常用来修饰人体的某部分；skinny和scrawny是贬义，表示骨瘦如柴； underweight是中性词，表示低于标准体重；而slim或slender多用于形容令 人向往的苗条身材。

1006- slightly

ad.苗条地; 轻微地, 略微地

【例句】Actually, the joining fee is slightly less than ￡250, it's ￡225, but the annual fee is only ￡300. 事实上, 入会费比250镑稍少一些, 是225镑, 但是年费只有 300镑。

-ad.些微地，轻微地；纤细地

【例句】He is considered slightly bonkers, but he is also compassionate, well-meaning and generally pretty great.他被认为有点疯狂，但是他也富有激情，心地善良，总体来讲很不错。

1007- slippery

a.滑的, 滑溜的; 狡猾的

【同】slick

【例句】The street was slippery after the rain.雨后街上很滑。

1008- sophisticate

1009- specific

a.明确的, 具体的; 特定的, 特有的, 特殊的

【同】particular

【搭配】have a specific aim 有明确的目标; at a specific time在特定的时间

【例句】The new channel is mainly targeted at a specific age group. 这个新频道主要针对特定的年龄群。

【要点】注意这个词重音的位置。

-a.特定的；明确的

【例句】

1. The Multifunction Hall is designed to be able to achieve the flexibility of space arrangement according to specific requirements.多功能厅被设计成可以根据特定需求灵活安排空间使用。

2. Once you have achieved specific linguistic goals, you will move up to a higher level of study.一旦你实现了特定的语言目标，你将进入一个更高的学习层次。

1010- static

a.静的; 停滞的n.静电

【同】motionless

【搭配】static electricity静电, 静位觉

【例句】Some people get static electricity in their hair. 有些人的头发会产生静电。

-a.静的；停滞的 -n.静电

【搭配】 static electricity 静电

【例句】

1. In this scenario, ever-rising health costs were often matched against static or declining resources.在这种场景中，人们常将持续增加的健康成本与保持不变或在减少的资源作对比。

2. Some people get static electricity in their hair.有些人的头发会带静电。

【反义】dynamic(a.动态的)

【要点】static指不动、不改变或静态的；stagnant指水因不流动而污浊、腐臭，或指 事物不景气。前者是中性词，后者含有贬意。

1011- stuffy

a.不透气的, （空气）不新鲜的, 不通风的

airless; stifling

【例句】We've installed air conditioning, so it won't get so stuffy. 我们安装了空调, 因此不会那么闷热。

1012- subsequent

a.随后的, 后来的

【同】following -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】subsequent on 作为...的结果发生; subsequent events后来发生的事

【例句】The traditional clothes making skill was passed on to the subsequent generations. 那项传统服装的制作技术代代相传。

a.继...之后的，随后的

【搭配】 subsequent on 作为...的结果发生；subsequent events 后来发生的事； subsequent to在...之后

【例句】

1. The subsequent cooling is so rapid that the crystals don't have time to change back to the beta phase.随后的冷却过程十分迅速，以至于晶体没时间变回贝塔状态。

2. This incident was not without importance in the subsequent development of events.这一事件对之后事态的发展影响重大。

【同义】 following/later/next(a.随后的)

【反义】 previous(a.之前的)

1013- suggest

v.建议, 提出; 使想起来, 暗示

【同】advise; make a suggestion; propose -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【例句】The research suggests that young people avoid dealing effectively with their economic situation because of lack of confidence. 研究表明, 年轻人由于缺乏信心而不能有效地处理自己的经济状况。

1014- suitable

a.适当的, 相配的; 合适的, 适宜的

【同】proper

【搭配】suitable for 适宜的; suitable time to do sth. 做某事的适当时间

【例句】The flat is not suitable for a family with more than five. 这间公寓不适合五口人以上的家庭居住。

1015- spectacular

a.引人入胜的, 引人注目的 n.壮观的演出; 惊人之举

【同】impressive

【搭配】spectacular success 引人注目的成功

【例句】The merger of the two companies caused a spectacular increase in the stock market. 这两家公司的合并使得股票市场有了显著的增长。

a.壮观的，出色的 n.壮观的演出；惊人之举

【搭配】 spectacular success 引人注意的成功

【例句】

1. Although glow-worms are found wherever conditions are damp and food is in good supply, they are extremely spectacular in coves.尽管在任何潮湿、食物充足的地方都会发现萤火虫,但是在小海湾中它们的数量极为壮观。

2. While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanov and his associates.虽然暗示法在现代语言教学中获得了成功，并因此声名大噪，但很少有老师能效法罗扎诺夫及其同事，取得同样辉煌的成绩。

3. Tyler and Jack are seated near floor-to-ceiling windows affording a spectacular view of the city. 泰勒和杰克坐在落地窗附近，壮观的城市美景尽收眼底。

【同义】dramatic(a.给人印象深刻的)；sensational(a.轰动的)

【要点】在雅思阅读中也会出现spectacular的副词形式spectacularly,意为“壮观 地，引人注目地”，与dramatically和remarkably【同义】，可以【同义】替换。 如：The rail proposal won and the railway worked spectacularly well. In the following years, more and more rail systems have been constructed, dramatically changing the city.修建铁路的提议获得成功，铁路运行得非常好。在接下来的几年里，建成了越来越多的铁路系统，极大地改变了这座城市。

-a.壮观的；出色的 -n.壮观的场面；精彩的演出

【搭配】spectacular success 引人注意的成功；make a spectacular of oneself(因行为、穿着)出丑，出洋相

【例句】

1. I like to watch a good action movie once in a while. I find the spectacular crashes and explosions very exciting. These movies are from Hong Kong or Hollywood, and have famous actors like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Tom Cruise in them.我偶尔喜欢看一部精彩的动作片。我发现惊险的撞击和爆炸 场面非常刺激。这些电影来自香港或好莱坞，里面有像阿诺德...施瓦辛格和 汤姆...克鲁斯这样的著名演员。

2. Tyler and Jack are seated near floor-to-ceiling windows affording a spectacular view of the city.泰勒和杰克坐在落地窗附近，壮观的城市景色尽收眼底。

【派生】spectacularly(ad.扣人心弦地)

1016- superior

a.优良的, 卓越的; 多于...的, 优于...的 n.上级, 长官

【搭配】superior to比...好, 超过...的

【例句】The man in the grey suit is our superior. 那个穿灰色西装的人是我们的上司。

a.上级的；优良的；高傲的 n.上级；优胜者

【例句】

1. Quite apparently someone at the Gray Company goofed; or maybe they have a way of doing the job which is greatly superior to that of their competitors.很明显有人在格雷公司里出了大错，或许是他们进行这项工作的方法大大优于他们的竞争者。

2. Researchers found that a word without a picture is superior to a word plus a picture in terms of reading efficiency.研究人员发现，就阅读效率而言，不配图文字比配图文字的阅读效率更高。

【反义】 inferior(a.次要的 n.下级)

【派生】 superiority(n.优秀)

【要点】在雅思阅读中，superior一词通常取其形容词的用法，常用【搭配】是superiorto,表示“比...好的，超过...的”，暗示一种比较。见到这个词时，要格外留意，因为它很可能是考点。

1017- suppose

v.料想, 猜想; 假定, 以为

【同】assume; believe; think

【搭配】be supposed to do sth. 应该做.

【例句】A: You are so wrong!

B: Yes, I suppose I am.

A: 你大错特错了！

B: 是, 我想是这样的。

1018- tend

v.易于, 往往会; 趋向, 倾向; 照管, 护理

【同】tend to → have a tendency to

【搭配】tend to 趋向; 往往会

【例句】People tend to need less sleep as they get older. 人们上了年纪时往往会睡眠减少。

1019- tribute

n.贡品; 颂词, 称赞; （表示敬意的）礼物

【同】praise

【例句】In ancient times, people had to pay tribute to the king. 在古代, 人民必须向国王进贡。

【要点】tribute在考试中常出现在描述性的文章中, 表示"贡品", 常会听到 pay tribute to这个短语, 要注意听都有哪些贡品, 这是个考点。

1020- twofold

a.两倍的; 两部分的, 双重的 ad.两倍地, 双重地

【同】double; twice

【例句】There has been a twofold increase in the number of rare animals in the past decades. 在过去的几十年中, 珍稀动物的数量增加了两倍。

【要点】twofold在雅思听力考试中是一个设置答案的考点, 考生要分外注意。有时答案会以 two times、double、twice 等同义转述形式出现。而三倍就是 triple 或 three times。

1021- ultimate

a.最后的, 最终的; 根本的

【同】basic; final

【搭配】in ultimate 最终, 结果; the ultimate principle 基本原理

【例句】For early explorers, it was the ultimate survival contest. 对于早期的探险家来说, 这是终极生存竞赛。

-a.最终的；最大的；基本的 -n.终极；根本

【搭配】in ultimate 结果；the ultimate authority 最高当局；the ultimate principle 基本原理

【例句】No matter what the ultimate effect that TV brought to us will be, one certain thing is that television in itself is neither good nor bad.不管电视带给我们的最 终影响是什么,可以肯定的是电视本身并没有好坏之分。

1022- undermine

v.削弱, 破坏

【同】ruin; spoil

【搭配】undermine one's position 削弱某人的地位; undermine one's credibility破坏某人的信用

【例句】The constant rumour was starting to undermine my confidence. 接连的谣言开始动摇我的自信心了。

1023- unique

a.唯一的, 独一无二的

【同】distinctive

【搭配】a unique style 独特的风格

【例句】The regulation will be used to protect the species which is unique to the country. 这项规章制度将用于保护独属于这个国家的物种。

a.唯一的，独特的

【例句】

1. Anthropology, at its broadest, is the study of humanity-our physical characteristics as animals and our unique non-biological characteristics that we call culture.人类学，从广义上来说，是研究人类的科学，即研究我们作为动物的物理特性以及我们独特的非生物特性，也就是我们所说的文化。

2. To date, the most widely used commercial biometric system is the hand key, a type of hand scanner which reads the unique characteristics of people's hands.迄今为止，应用最广泛的商业生物识别系统是掌形鉴识机，它能扫读人手的独特特征。

3. 21 million Web site users were asked to select an image from thousands of possible choices and to choose a unique phrase they would see each time they logged in.2100万名网站用户都要从上千种图像中选择一种图像，并选用一个独特的短语，以后他们每次登录时都会看见这个图像和短语。

4. Biometric security systems operate by storing a digitised record of some unique human feature.生物测定安全系统通过数字化存储某种独特的人类特征来发挥作用。

1024- valid

a.有效的; 合理的, 有根据的

【例句】I'm afraid it is not valid if you don't have your sticker stuck on the window of your car. 如果你没把标签贴在车窗上, 恐怕标签是无效的。

【要点】反义词是 invalid。

a.有效的；正当的

【例句】 Employee feedback is reviewed daily and suggestions are implemented within 48 hours, if possible, or a valid reason is given for non-implementation.每天都要审查员工的反馈，并且要在48小时内实施他们提出的建议，如果可以，在不能给予实施的时候要给出一个正当的理由。

1025- underground

a.地下的, 地面下的; 秘密的 ad.在地下; 秘密地 n.地铁

【例句】The underground passage led to the supermarket opposite. 这条地下通道通向对面的超市。

【要点】注意underground有"地铁"的意思, 此外, 在雅思听力考试中常会听到 subway 和 tube, 它们也可以表示"地铁"。

【派生】twisty(a.弯弯曲曲的)

【例句】

1. The evidence suggests that ants have lived in urban settings for close on a hundred million years, developing and maintaining underground cities of specialised chambers and tunnels.证据表明，蚂蚁已经在城市中生活了近上亿年，建造并维护着它们的地下城市，里面有专门的房间和通道。

2. Water from these underground reservoirs bubbles to the surface as springs in some parts of the country. 在这个国家的某些地方，地下水涌出地面成为泉水。

【反义】 overground(a.地上的)

【要点】 underground由ground(n.地面)加前缀under-(在....下面)构成。

1026- underlying

a.潜在的, 含蓄的

【例句】The underlying problem has more to do with attitudes than the actual difficulty of the task, and there are ways of getting it right. 潜在的问题更多地与态度有关, 而非任务本身的难度, 而且有很多方法可以修正这一问题。

1027- variety

1028- ## 9-医疗健康篇

1029- aid

n.援助, 救护; 助手; 辅助物, 辅助设备; 帮助 v.援助, 救援, 帮助

【同】assistance; help

【搭配】first aid 急救; aid in(doing)sth. 帮助做某事; offer aid to向...提供帮助; aid programme 援助计划

【例句】The students learned about first aid and what to do in the event of an accident or emergency. 学生们学习了关于急救的知识, 以及在事故或紧急情况下应采取的措施。

1030- abuse

v./n.滥用; 虐待; 谩骂 名词发音? 动词发音?

【搭配】drug abuse 滥用药物, 吸毒; abuse one's authority/office 滥用权威/职权; child abuse 虐待儿童; verbal abuse 口头谩骂

【例句】Helen abused her body for years with drugs. 海伦常年吸毒, 身体都垮了。

-n.滥用；虐待；辱骂 -v.滥用；虐待；辱骂

【搭配】drug abuse 滥用药物，吸毒；abuse one's authority/office 滥用权威/职 权；child abuse 虐待儿童；verbal abuse口头谩骂

【例句】 Biometrics may raise thorny questions about privacy and the potential for abuse. 生物测定学可能会引起关于隐私的棘手问题，也可能导致滥用。

1031- advice

n.劝告, 忠告; 建议, （医生等的）意见

【同】recommendation; suggestion

【搭配】write to sb. for advice 写信给某人征求意见; expert advice专家意见

【例句】I was told to come here for advice about how to keep healthy. 有人告诉我到这里来征询一些关于如何保持的建议。

【要点】除了医生的建议用advice表示以外, 一般国外的大学在新生入学时会举行诸多讲座给学生各方面的建议, 也可以用advice表示, 如会告诉新生如何理财、如何省钱的Financial Advice。

1032- aggravate

v.恶化, 加重, 加剧

【同】worsen

【搭配】aggravate poverty 加剧贫困; aggravate the situation 使情况恶化

【例句】The pollution problems in the country will be further aggravated by the heavy industry. 这个国家的污染问题会因重工业的发展而进一步恶化。

1033- aggravation

n.加重, 加剧, 恶化; 恼怒

【搭配】leave in aggravation 愤怒地离开; a state of aggravation 愤怒的状态

【例句】Air from the new house does cause an aggravation of the respiratory tract infection.新房子的空气确实会加重呼吸道的感染。

1034- attack

n.(病)发作; 攻击 v.攻击, 进攻; 抨击; 着手, 开始

【同】assault

【搭配】the attack on针对...的攻击; be under attack 被攻击; heart attack心脏病

【例句】The shopping mall was attacked by a gang of young people last night. 昨夜, 这个商场被一群年轻人袭击了。

1035- analyse

v.分析; 分解

【同】examine

【搭配】analyse data分析数据

【例句】Researchers are developing software for phones to analyse thinking patterns. 研究人员正在开发一种电话软件来分析人的思维方式。

1036- analysis

n.分析; 分解; 解析

【搭配】self analysis 自我分析; intelligence analysis 情报分析

【例句】A further analysis of the experimental result is needed. 试验结果需要进一步分析。

【要点】analysis 的复数形式是 analyses。

-n.分析；分解

【搭配】in the last analysis 总之，归根结底

【例句】

1. In my point of view, graduates should first make employment analysis before job hunting.我认为大学毕业生应在找工作之前先做就业分析。

2. To change this strategy, we must introduce an analysis model when needed.要更改策略,我们必须在必要的时候引入一个分析模型。

【同义】analytic(a.分析的；分解的)

【要点】语言能力包含了分析能力，在回答考官的问题之前，我们先要对问题进 行分析，才能有效组织语言，将答案准确、流利地表达出来。因此，在雅 思口语考试的问答阶段，analysis一词经常能用到，常用搭配有：make an analysis of(对...进行分析)，job analysis(工作分析)，comprehensive analysis(综合分析)。

1037- avoid

v.避免, 回避, 逃避

【同】keep away from

【搭配】avoid doing sth. 避免做某事; avoid mistakes 避免犯错误

【例句】At the top of the Food Pyramid in the smallest area are the things which we should really be trying to avoid as much as possible. 位于饮食金字塔顶端那一块最小区域的东西我们真应该尽量少吃。

【要点】个人健康场景常用的词汇和短语：

get a headache 头痛

avoid smoky 避免烟多的地方

maintain a balanced diet 保持饮食平衡

try to avoid sugar, salt and butter 尽量避免摄入糖、盐和黄油

1038- bother

n.麻烦 v.打扰, 烦扰; 烦恼, 操心

【同】disturb; interrupt

【搭配】bother sb. about/with sth. 用...打扰... ; bother to do sth. 操心做...

【例句】I'm sorry to bother you so early, Mrs Smith. 史密斯女士, 很抱歉这么早就来打扰您。

【要点】bother这个词常出现在电话场景中：I'm sorry to bother you at this hour. 很抱歉在这个时候打扰您。

1039- breed

n.品种, 种类 v.(使)繁殖, 生殖; 产生, 引起; 抚养, 饲养

【同】reproduce

【搭配】breed fish 养鱼

【例句】Ted Hunter will tell us about the possibility of breeding and rearing these birds in this country. 泰德...亨特将告诉我们在该国繁殖和饲养这些鸟的可能性有多大。

-n.品种 -v.教养；繁殖；酿成，导致

【搭配】breed fish 养鱼

【例句】

1. As I took a closer look, I found really colorful fish inside, like a group of lovely little fairies. The fish were of all breeds, most of which I could not name.当我凑近看时，我发现里面真的有很多色彩斑斓的鱼，就像一群可爱的小 仙女。鱼的品种繁多，大部分我都叫不上名来。

2. Rabbits breed very quickly.兔子繁殖得非常快。

1040- beneficial

a.有利的, 有益的

【同】helpful

【搭配】beneficial to对...有益, 有利; mutually beneficial互惠

【例句】Research shows that the two methods can be beneficial for certain types of back pain.研究表明这两种方法对某些类型的背痛有用。

【要点】beneficial 前面经常加一些如 mutually, highly之类的副词来【搭配】。

-a.有利的，有益的

【搭配】be beneficial to 对...有利；mutually beneficial 互惠互利

【例句】

1. Art is definitely beneficial to children in the way that children can subconsciously express their hidden thoughts and emotions.艺术对孩子绝对有 好处，他们会通过艺术无意中表达出心中隐藏的想法和感情。

2. If people were to return to living in small self-contained communities, many of the problems existing in big cities could be avoided. It would even be beneficial to the economy, for it would promote the development of small family-run businesses.如果人们回归到小型的独立社区生活，就可以避免大 城市里的许多问题。这甚至有利于经济繁荣，因为它会促进小型家族企业 的发展。

3. Caring for others can effectively encourage the development of a mutually beneficial relationship.照顾别人能够有效促进互惠关系的发展。

【同义】advantageous(a.有利的)

【反义】 harmful(a.有害的)；baleful(a.有害的，恶意的)

【要点】在雅思口语考试中，经常会要求考生对某一事物、现象或观点作出 评价。这时表示"好、坏、利、弊"的描述性词语就有了用武之地，表示 "有好处的"词有：beneficial,helpful, advantageous,useful, favorable 等；表示"有害的"词有：harmful,baleful,evil, destructive等。我们可以将 这些单词一起记忆。

1041- benefit

n.利益, 好处, 恩惠 v.有益于; （使）受益 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【同】advantage

【搭配】benefit from/by 从...受益, 得到好处; material benefit 物质利益; for the benefit of 为了...的利益/好处; social benefits 社会效益

【例句】I really feel that buying an e-reader will be of great benefit. 我真的认为买一个电子书阅读器很有用。

-n.利益，好处 -v.有益于

【搭配】benefit from/by 从...得益，受益，得到好处；material benefit 物质利益； for the benefit of 为了...的利益/好处；social benefits 社会效益

【例句】

1. I agree that we should minimize the suffering of animals that are used for testing new products. However, I am convinced that animal testing is necessary in order to benefit humans in new and wonderful ways.我赞同我们应该减轻被用做新产品实验的动物的痛苦，但是我相信为了使人类能够以更新更好的 方式受益，动物实验是必要的。

2. It was achieved with the benefit of modern technology.借助现代技术，这个目标已经达到了。

3. Increased leisure time would benefit two-career households.增加休息时间会使双职工家庭受益。

1042- cellular

a.细胞的, 细胞状的; 多孔的, 蜂窝状的

【搭配】cellular phone 手机

【例句】Students are looking at cellular change through microscope in the lab. 学生们正在实验室里通过显微镜观察细胞的变化。

1043- conditioner

n.调节器

【搭配】soil conditioner 土壤调节剂; air conditioner 空调; hair conditioner 护发素

【例句】If your hair is dry in winter, you can use some hair conditioner every day. 如果冬天的时候你的头发干燥, 你可以每天用一些护发素。

【要点】这里介绍其他几个与护发有关的词汇：

shampoo 洗发水

mousse 摩丝

perm formula 冷烫水

conditioning 焗油膏

styling gel 发胶

rollers 卷发器

1044- chronic

a.(疾病)慢性的; 积习难改的; 严重的, 坏的

【搭配】chronic problems 严重的问题; chronic smoker 积习难改的烟民, 老烟枪

【例句】The three famous people all suffer from chronic back pain.这三个名人都患有慢性背痛。

-a.(疾病)慢性的；长期的；积习难改的

【搭配】chronic problems 严重的问题；a chronic disease 慢性疾病；a chronic war 持久战

【例句】

1. We are much more able to "tune out" chronic background noise, even if it is quite loud, than to work under circumstances with unexpected intrusions of noise.如果长期处于某种噪音中，即使声音很大，我们都能忽视它，但若 突然出现某种噪音，在这样的条件下工作的时候可能无法不受其干扰。

2. But the major worry about noisy environments is that living day after day with chronic noise may produce serious, lasting effects.但是对于噪音环境，我们最大的担心是，长期处于噪声中可能会产生严重而持久的影响。

3. Jim suffers from chronic back pain after the car-wreck.车祸后，吉姆长期受背痛的困扰。

4. Adolescents with chronic illnesses can access websites to develop supportive networks of people with similar conditions.患有慢性疾病的青少年可以访问网站，与患有类似疾病的人们建立起互助网络。

5. They think his mother's illness is acute rather than chronic.他们认为他母亲的病是急性的而不是慢性的。

【同义】 inveterate(a.根深的，成癖的)

【反义】 acute(a.急性的)

【搭配】 complementary to sth.对...的补充；complementary angle 余角； complementary color 互补色

【例句】 The survey suggested that complementary medicine is probably a better term than alternative medicine.这项研究意味着辅助药物可能比替代药物有效。

1045- consequence

n.结果, 后果; 重大, 重要（性）

【同】effect; significance

【搭配】as a consequence因而; 结果

【例句】The consequences of the Human Genome Project go far beyond a narrow focus on disease. 人类基因组计划的重要意义远远不止于治愈疾病。

n.结果；影响；重要意义

【搭配】 in consequence of sth.由于某事物的缘故，因而

【例句】

1. One consequence of Moore's Law, which describes the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 18 months, is that the amount of heat produced doubles as well.摩尔定律说集成电路可容纳的晶体管数量每18个月会增加一倍，据此得出的一个结论是其产生的热量也会翻一番。

2..The consequences of the Human Genome Project go far beyond a narrow focus on disease.人类基因工程的意义远不止治疗疾病。

【要点】 consequence,result, outcome, aftermath都有“结果”的意思。consequence多指某物产生的不良后果，但也用于指某抽象概念的结果，此时可以与result 互换；result指做某事产生的直接结果，或指某抽象概念的结果；outcome指有待见分晓的结果或结局；aftermath多用于天灾人祸之后随之而来的不良的、甚至更严重的后果或余波。

-n.结果；影响；重要意义

【搭配】as a consequence因而；结果

【例句】

1. Some people are not aware of the consequences that pollution brings, so they do not care about protecting the environment of the city. 一些人没有意识到污染带来的后果，所以他们不关心这座城市的环境保护。

2. Some people are aware of the consequences of pollution but they are indifferent about it because it has not personally affected them.一些人知道污染带来的后果，但是他们对此很冷漠，因为污染还没有影响到他们个人。

3. The consequences of the Human Genome Project go far beyond a narrow focus on disease.人类基因工程的重要意义远远不止于治愈疾病。

【派生】consequential(a.随之发生的；有影响力的)

1046- consultant

n.会诊医师, 顾问医生; 顾问 -'t'的发音尽可能化【同】advisor

【搭配】legal consultant 司法顾问

【例句】Christina is a management consultant and has many clients. 克里斯蒂娜是一位管理顾问, 她有很多客户。

n.顾问；专科医生

【搭配】school consultant校方顾问；legal consultant 司法顾问；study abroad consultant 留学顾问

【例句】

1. The researchers criticize the practice of some scientific consultants who work with the tobacco industry for assuming that cigarette smoke has the same impact on smokers as it does on non-smokers.一些研究者考虑到香烟烟雾对吸烟者和不吸烟者有同样的影响，因此批判一些试图影响烟草行业的科学顾问的实践做法。

2. Marketing consultants have been gathering information about customers' shopping habits.市场顾问一直在收集有关消费者购物习惯的资料。

1047- convention

n.大会, 会议; 惯例, 常规, 习俗; 公约, 协定

【同】conference; meeting

【搭配】social conventions 社会习俗; 社会惯例; convention centre会议中心 【例句】The city's convention centre is also a famous landmark in the country. 这个城市的会议中心也是这个国家一个著名的地标性建筑。

1048- component

n.成分, 零件 a.构成的, 组成的

【同】constituent; ingredient

【搭配】key component 主要成分; component part 构成部件

【例句】Cancer is not caused by a single element in cigarette smoke; harmful effects to health are caused by many components. 癌症不是由香烟烟雾中的某一成分引起的, 对健康有害的成分有很多。

1049- digestive

a.消化的; 助消化的

【搭配】digestive system 消化系统

【例句】The professor introduced the digestive systems of starfish. 教授介绍了海星的消化系统。

-a.消化的；助消化的 -n.助消化药

【搭配】 digestive system 消化系统

【例句】 According to the Australian Journal of Public Health, 12% of patients visiting alternative therapists do so because they suffer from digestive problems.据《澳大利亚公共卫生杂志》报告，求助于使用替代疗法医生的患者中，12%受 消化系统疾病的困扰。

【要点】digestive是“消化的”意思，而digestible则是“可消化的”。

1050- effective

a.有效的, 生效的; 给人深刻印象的, 显著的

【同】efficient

【搭配】effective remedy 有效药物

【例句】Which advertisement is the most effective? 哪一种广告最有效？

1051- efficient

a.有效的, 效率高的; 有能力的, 能胜任的 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】energy efficient 节能的

【例句】This kind of medicine has now gone, and we've got much more efficient ones. 这种药现在不用了, 我们有了药效更高的药品。

【要点】这里介绍其他几个表示个人品质的词汇：

energetic 精力充沛的

faithful 守信的, 忠诚的

humorous 幽默的

ingenious 有独创性的

motivated目的明确的; 有积极性的

logical条理分明的

methodical 有方法的

a.效率高的

【例句】

1. Thick walls took longer to cool and harden, a factor which had to be considered by the designer in order to make the most efficient use of machines.若模具壁厚，冷却和硬化的时间会延长，设计者应该考虑这个因素，以便最高效地利用机器。

2. Newman noted that the two most "bicycle friendly"cities considered- Amsterdam and Copenhagen- were very efficient, even though their public transport systems were“reasonable but not special”.纽曼注意到，阿姆斯特丹和哥本哈根这两个被认为自行车普及率最高的城市,效率非常高,尽管它们的公共交通系统“设计合理却毫无特色”。

3. The technique became more efficient after the discovery of iron.在发现铁后，这一技术变得更为高效。

【要点】efficient可以用于人，也可以用于物，表示“效率高的；有能力的”；effective指“有效的，起作用的”。---

-a. 效率高的

【例句】 Even in a class where there is only one student, if the teacher proves to be not efficient, not knowing how to teach at all, it would be impossible for the student to listen attentively, so there would be no way for him/her to really learn anything.即使是在一个只有一个学生的班级里,如果老师的效率不高,根一 本不知道如何教学,学生也不可能专心听讲,无法真正学到任何东西。

1052- element

n.元素; 组成部分 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】chemical elements 化学元素; be in your element 活得自由自在; principal element 主要因素

【例句】Research has shown that there is a genetic or inherited element to handedness. 研究表明, 习惯使用左手还是右手有遗传或天生的因素。

1053- emergency

n.紧急情况, 突然事件; 非常时刻

【同】crisis

【搭配】emergency funding 应急基金; emergency contact person 紧急联系人; emergency shelter应急避难场所

【例句】If it's an emergency, you can phone your doctor at any time, night or day. 如果有紧急状况的话, 你可以在任何时间给医生打电话, 无论白天还是晚上。

n.紧急情况，突然事件 emergency funding 应急基金；emergency contact person 紧急联系人； emergency shelter 应急避难场所

【例句】

1. In Britain, for example, there are a lot of anecdotes describing how glow- worms have been used to read by or used as emergency bicycle lamps when a cyclist's batteries have failed.在英国，有许多有关萤火虫的奇闻轶事，描述了大家是如何借助萤火虫的光亮来读书，或者在电动车电池没电时用萤火虫当应急车灯的。

2. If it's an emergency, you can phone at any time.如果是紧急情况，你可以随时电话通知。

1054- equip

v.装备, 配备

【搭配】be equipped with配备有, 装备有

【例句】The new hospital is equipped with the most advanced medical equipment. 这家新的医院配备有最先进的医疗设备。

1055- fertilize

v.使肥沃, 使多产; 施肥于; 使受精

【搭配】fertilized eggs 受精卵; cross-fertilize 异花受精

【例句】Mature breeding birds are very expensive-even a fertilized ostrich egg isn't cheap. 鸵鸟的成鸟很贵, 即使一个受精蛋都不便宜。

1056- fitness

n.适合, 恰当; 合格; 健康

【搭配】fitness club健身俱乐部

【例句】Many people give up fitness training courses because they take up too much time. 许多人放弃了健身课, 因为它们太耗费时间。

1057- handicapped

a.有生理缺陷的; 智力低下的

【同】disabled

【搭配】mentally handicapped 有心理缺陷的

【例句】The jigsaw puzzle design is too difficult for visually handicapped. 七巧板拼图对于视觉有缺陷的人来说太难了。

1058- energetic

a.精力旺盛的, 充满活力的

【同】vigorous

【搭配】energetic person 精力旺盛的人

【例句】I don't like doing energetic exercises in the morning. 我不喜欢在早上做剧烈的运动。

1059- implication

n.含意; 暗示

【搭配】political implication 政治含意

【例句】Before I go on to health implications of the way of life, I'll say something about food and nutrition.在我接着讲生活方式的健康含义之前, 我将会说一些有关食品和营养的问题。

n.含义，启示；影响；卷入

【搭配】 political implications 政治含义

【例句】

1. The results and their implications are dividing even the researchers who uncovered them.研究结果及其影响甚至使发现它们的研究人员产生了分歧。

2. What would be the implications if humanity were to understand, with precision, the genetic constitution?如果人类准确地破译了基因构造，那会意味着什么呢?

【同义】 connection(n.联系，关联)；involvement(n.包含；连累)

1060- infection

n.传染, 感染, 传播; 传染病

【搭配】severe infection严重的传染病

【例句】The doctor detected that the guy had got a stomach infection. 医生发现这个人腹部有感染。

-n.传染，感染

【搭配】 severe infection 严重的传染病；respiratory infection 呼吸道感染

【例句】

1. Various interventions, such as infection-fighting drugs, can increase a population's average survival time, but only approaches that slow the body's rate of aging will increase the maximum lifespan.抗感染药物等多种干预手段能增 加人类的平均存活时间，但是只有减缓人体衰老速度的方法才能最大程度 地延长人类寿命。

2. Are you taking oral medicines for fungal infections?你在吃治疗真菌感染的 口服药吗？

3. So this reflects our mental picture of how the system transcends to the next stage —with intelligence that reaches in and restructures the system.这就反映了在我们脑中出现的关于系统如何升华到下一个阶段的图景——利用智能 介入并重建系统。

4. They are using gene to improve the intelligence of mice.他们利用基因来提高老鼠的智力。

1061- latent

a.潜在的, 潜伏的; 不易察觉的 -'t'的发音尽可能弱化

【搭配】latent capital 潜在资本; latent infection 潜伏性传染; latent period 潜伏期 【例句】He still has latent force to develop in studies and research. 在学习和研究方面,他仍然有潜力可挖。

1062- license

n.许可, 特许; 执照, 许可证 v.批准, 许可